Farawa anan: Juyin Halitta bai shirya kwakwalwar ku don batsa ta yau ba

Wannan labarin ne mai short Cikakkar wasu mahimman maudu'o'i game da batsa da kwakwalwarka. Ga ilimin kimiyya a bayan sa, sai a biyo dukan da hanyoyin da karanta wannan shafin. Wasu hanyoyi suna zuwa tallanmu, wanda hakan ya haɗa zuwa binciken. Don ƙarin fahimtar zurfin zurfin fahimta da ƙarin bayanan shaida Shafin Bincike. Don ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da aka gano Hotunan Hotuna.

Me ke faruwa idan ka jefa bera namiji a cikin keji da bera mace mai son yin jima'i? Da farko, za ka ga yadda namijin ke saduwa. Sannan, a hankali, namijin yana gajiyar wannan mace. Ko da tana son ƙari, ya sami isasshen. Duk da haka, a maye gurbin mace ta asali da sabuwa, kuma namijin nan da nan ya farfaɗo kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi mata taki . Za ka iya maimaita wannan tsari da sabuwa mace har sai ya gama lalacewa.

Ana kiran wannan tasirin Coolidge - martanin kai tsaye ga sabbin abokai. Abin sha'awa, maza suna fitar da maniyyi mai motsi kuma suna yin hakan da sauri idan suka kalli sabuwar tauraruwar batsa. Wannan martani mai ƙarfi ta atomatik ga sabon abu na batsa shine abin da ya fara maka shiga cikin jarabar batsa ta intanet.

Kamar wannan beran dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuna da wata dabara ta asali a cikin kwakwalwarku da ke ƙarfafa ku ku yi wa mata masu girman biyu taki, maza (ko duk wani abu) a kan allonku. (Lura: Tasirin Coolidge shima yana faruwa a cikin mata . Bincike ya nuna cewa, idan aka ba ku dama, mata masu farauta da masu tara kaya ba su fi maza ƙazamai ba.)

Da'irori na farko a cikin kwakwalwarka suna sarrafa motsin rai, motsawa, motsin rai, da yanke shawara cikin rashin sani. Suna yin ayyukansu yadda ya kamata har juyin halitta bai ga buƙatar canza su ba tun kafin mutane su zama mutane.

Ƙarin dopamine, don Allah

A gare ku, beraye, da dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa, sha'awa da kwarin gwiwa na neman jima'i galibi suna fitowa ne daga wani sinadari mai suna dopamine . Dopamine yana ƙara tsakiyar ɓangaren farko na kwakwalwa - tsarin lada. A nan ne muke fuskantar sha'awa da jin daɗi, kuma a nan ne muke kamuwa da jaraba.

Tsohuwar hanyar bayar da lada tana tilasta maka yin abubuwan da za su ƙara maka rayuwa da kuma yaɗa kwayoyin halittarka. A saman jerin ladan ɗan adam akwai abinci , jima'i , soyayya , abota, da kuma sabon abu . Ana kiran waɗannan 'masu ƙarfafa halitta,' idan aka kwatanta da sinadarai masu jaraba.

Manufar juyin halitta ta dopamine ita ce ta ƙarfafa ka ka yi abin da zai yi wa kwayoyin halittarka hidima. Girman ƙwanƙwasa, haka nan za ka ƙara son wani abu. Babu dopamine kuma kawai ka yi watsi da shi. Kek ɗin cakulan da ice cream— babban abin mamaki . Seleri—ba sosai ba. Ƙarfafa jima'i yana ba da babbar bugun dopamine ta halitta da ke akwai ga lada. Ɗaya daga cikin laƙabin dopamine shine " ƙwayar jaraba " domin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dukkan jaraba.

Dopamine

Ko da yake ana kiran dopamine da "ƙwayar jin daɗi," wannan ba daidai ba ne a zahiri . Dopamine galibi yana game da neman lada, tsammani , da so . Dopamine yana ba da kwarin gwiwa da himma don bin lada mai yuwuwa ko burin dogon lokaci . Kodayake ana jayayya kuma ba a daidaita shi ba , "lada" ta ƙarshe ko jin daɗi suna fitowa galibi daga opioids (da cannabinoids ). A taƙaice - dopamine yana ɓacewa, opioids suna so.

Kamar yadda masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Susan Weinschenk ya bayyana , dopamine na neurotransmitter ba ya sa mutane su ji daɗin rayuwa, sai dai yana haifar da ɗabi'ar neman aiki. "Dopamine yana sa mu so, sha'awa, nema, da bincike," ta rubuta. Tsarin opioid ne ke sa mutum ya ji daɗi. Duk da haka, "tsarin dopamine ya fi ƙarfin tsarin opioid ," ta bayyana. "Muna neman fiye da yadda muka gamsu." Ana iya ɗaukar jaraba a matsayin son yin gudu.

Wani sabon abu, sabon abu, mafi ban sha'awa

Dopamine ya yi tashin gwauron zabi . Sabuwar mota, fim ɗin da aka fitar kwanan nan, sabuwar na'urar… duk muna neman sabbin abubuwan dopamine. Kamar yadda yake a kowane abu sabo, farin ciki yana ɓacewa yayin da dopamine ke faɗuwa.

Ga yadda tasirin Coolidge yake aiki: Tsarin lada na bera yana rage yawan dopamine idan aka kwatanta da macen da ke yanzu, amma yana haifar da karuwar dopamine ga sabuwar mace. Shin hakan ya yi kama da abin da aka saba gani?

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa beraye da mutane ba su da bambanci sosai idan ana maganar martanin sabbin abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa na jima'i . Misali, lokacin da masu bincike na Ostiraliya (jadawali) suka nuna fim ɗin batsa iri ɗaya akai-akai, gwajin azzakari da rahotannin ra'ayi sun nuna raguwar ci gaba a cikin sha'awar jima'i. " Tsohon tsufa ɗaya " kawai yana zama abin ban sha'awa. Halayyar mutum tana nuna raguwar dopamine.

Bayan kallo sau 18—a daidai lokacin da waɗanda aka yi musu gwajin suka fara gyada kai—masu bincike sun gabatar da sabon salon batsa ga waɗanda suka kalli wasan Bingo na 19 ^da 20. ^Bingo ! Waɗanda aka yi wa wasan da azzakarinsu sun yi fice. (Ee, mata sun nuna irin wannan tasirin .)

Danna don sabon abu

Batsa ta intanet tana da matuƙar jan hankali ga yanayin lada domin sabon abu koyaushe yana da ɗan dannawa kaɗan. Zai iya zama sabon "aboki," yanayi na musamman, wani abu na jima'i mai ban mamaki, ko kuma - kun cika guraben. Tare da shafuka da yawa a buɗe kuma danna na tsawon awanni, zaku iya samun ƙarin sabbin abokan jima'i a kowane minti goma fiye da yadda kakanninmu masu farauta da masu tara kaya suka fuskanta a rayuwa. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa tsammanin lada da sabon abu suna ƙara wa juna ƙarfi don ƙara farin ciki da sake haɗa kwakwalwar limbic. Batsa ta intanet ita ce abin da masana kimiyya ke kira abin ƙarfafawa na al'ada . Waɗannan su ne abubuwan ƙarfafawa waɗanda aka ƙara su (watakila na roba) na abubuwan ƙarfafawa na al'ada, waɗanda muke ɗauka a matsayin masu matuƙar muhimmanci.

Supernormal Stimulus

Nikolaas Tinbergen, wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel, shi ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar " supernormal stimulator " shekaru da suka gabata. Ya gano cewa ana iya yaudarar tsuntsaye, malam buɗe ido, da sauran dabbobi su fi son ƙwai na jabu da abokan zama. Misali, tsuntsayen mata, sun sha wahala wajen zama a kan ƙwai na Tinbergen da suka fi girma, waɗanda aka nuna a sarari, yayin da ƙwai nasu masu launin fari da na ja suka mutu ba tare da an kula da su ba.

Mutane, kamar tsuntsaye, suna kimanta darajar abin ƙarfafawa ta hanyar kunna da'irar lada. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa sha'awar jima'i ke fitar da mafi girman matakan dopamine da opioids - haifuwa ita ce Job One ga kwayoyin halittar ku.

Da batsa ta intanet, ba wai kawai sabon abu ne na jima'i wanda ba ya ƙarewa ba ne ke tayar da hankalin tsarin lada. Dopamine yana kunna wasu motsin rai da abubuwan da ke motsa jiki , waɗanda duk galibi suna bayyana a fili lokacin amfani da batsa ta intanet:

Karfin motsin zuciyarku - kamar laifi, ƙyama, kunya, tashin hankali & tsoro
Neman da kuma bincike - ana kiran saurin ladabi da maƙallin binciken
Akwai wani wanda ya keta tsammanin - firgita, mamaki, ko fiye da yadda za mu iya zato

M sabon abu

Kalmomi da hotuna masu ban sha'awa sun daɗe suna yawo. Haka nan ma saurin motsin ƙwayoyin cuta daga sabbin abokai . Duk da haka, sabon abu na Playboy sau ɗaya a wata yana ɓacewa da zarar ka buɗe shafukan. Shin wani zai kira Playboy ko bidiyon softcore "abin mamaki" ko "abin da ke haifar da damuwa?" Shin ko dai zai karya tsammanin yaro mai ilimin kwamfuta sama da shekara 12? Babu ɗaya da ya kwatanta da "bincike da neman" na tallan batsa na Google mai shafuka da yawa. Abin da ya sa batsa ta intanet ta zama ta musamman shi ne cewa za ka iya ci gaba da riƙe dopamine ɗinka da danna linzamin kwamfuta ko taɓa allo.

Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan yanayin motsin rai iri ɗaya (damuwa, kunya, mamaki, mamaki) ba wai kawai suna ƙara dopamine ba , amma kowannensu yana iya haɓaka hormones na damuwa da neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol). Waɗannan sinadarai na damuwa suna ƙara farin ciki yayin da suke ƙara tasirin dopamine mai ƙarfi. A tsawon lokaci kwakwalwar mai amfani da batsa na iya kuskuren jin damuwa ko tsoro a matsayin jin daɗin sha'awar jima'i . Wannan yana taimakawa wajen bayyana dalilin da yasa wasu masu amfani da batsa ke ƙara zama masu ban tsoro ko damuwa waɗanda ke haifar da batsa - kamar yadda suke buƙatar ƙarin girgizar neurochemical kawai don su sami sha'awar jima'i , ko kuma su yi inzali.

Mene ne ke sa yanar-gizon ta zama mai ban sha'awa?

A bayyane yake cewa batsa ta yau tana da sauƙin shiga, ana samunta 24/7, kyauta kuma mai zaman kansa. Tana ba da sabon abu mara iyaka. Yadda ake amfani da ita galibi yana sa dopamine ya ƙaru na tsawon lokaci ba daidai ba, yana sa batsa ta intanet ta zama mai jan hankali, kuma mai yuwuwar jaraba. Waɗanda suka yarda cewa jarabar batsa tana wanzuwa galibi suna kwatanta batsa ta intanet da kwayoyi masu jaraba ko wasannin bidiyo. Duk da cewa jarabar ɗabi'a da miyagun ƙwayoyi suna raba wasu canje-canje a kwakwalwa, irin waɗannan kwatancen ba su magance giwar da ke cikin ɗakin ba: muna da da'irar kwakwalwa don jima'i, kuma waɗannan da'irar suna da rauni musamman a lokacin samartaka (kuma suna da ɗan rauni muddin muna rayuwa).

A wata hanyar kuma, babu wasu da'irori na halitta don barasa, hodar iblis, ko harbin mutum na farko. Duk da cewa duk suna iya haɓaka dopamine na cibiyar lada (buƙatar canje-canjen kwakwalwa da suka shafi jaraba), babu wanda ke da ikon tsara samfurin sha'awar jima'i. Batsa ta intanet na iya canza ko ƙera da'irar kwakwalwarmu mai faɗi don jima'i da haifuwa - musamman a lokacin samartaka lokacin da kwakwalwa take da sauƙin daidaitawa kuma an tsara ta don koyo game da yanayin jima'i (don samun nasarar haifuwa).

Ofarfin inzali

Tunda inzali shine mafi karfin mu mai karfafa halitta, kuma yake samarda aikinmu mafi girma, kwakwalwarmu tana kokarin tuna duk abinda yake tattare da wannan kwarewar. Yana yin hakan ta hanyar haɗa ƙungiyoyi zuwa Babban Taron (ƙarshe). Game da amfani da batsa zai hada da: voyeurism, bincike / nema da sabon abu mara iyaka. Hakanan zai iya haɗawa da tayi, taurarin batsa da yawa, shafuka da yawa, ayyukan ban mamaki, gigicewa, mamaki, damuwa, da dai sauransu.

(Lura: Ba mu magana game da tasirin da matasa ke yi a kan halayyarsu na ƙara shiga batsa mai tsauri na kowane irin abu da ba za a iya tunaninsa ba, yayin da suke da sha'awar gaske - wani abu da kakanninmu ba za su iya yi ba.)

Sauran halayen da ke sa yanar gizo ba tare da wasu abubuwa masu haɗari da halayen abubuwa ba;

Nazarin ya nuna cewa batsa bidiyo yana da nisa more arousing fiye da batsa batsa.
Don ƙara ƙyamar jima'i (da kuma tayar da dopamine) wanda zai iya sauya dabi'un nan da nan a lokacin wani al'ada. Ba za a iya yin haka ba kafin 2006 da zuwa na tashar shafukan yanar gizo.
Ba kamar hotuna na tsirara ba, bidiyo sun maye gurbin tunaninka, kuma yana iya kama ka jima'i jima'i, hali, ko yanayin (musamman haka ga matasa).
An adana Porn a cikin kwakwalwarka, wanda ke ba ka damar tunawa da shi duk lokacin da kake buƙatar "hit."
Don abinci da kwayoyi akwai iyakancewar amfani ga jiki. Koyaya, babu iyakancewar jiki ga amfani da batsa ta hanyar intanet. Ba a kunna hanyoyin satiation na kwakwalwa na ainihi ba, sai dai idan rukunin guda. Ko da a lokacin, mai amfani na iya danna wani abu mai kayatarwa don ya sake tayar da hankali.
Tare da abinci da kwayoyi ɗaya zai iya girma kawai (alamar tsari na jaraba) ta hanyar cinyewa. Tare da labarun intanet wanda zai iya inganta duka tare da wasu "abokan tarayya" da kuma ta hanyar kallon sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan al'ada. Yana da yawa gama gari ga mai amfani da batsa don motsawa har abada har abada. Mai amfani kuma zai iya girma ta hanyar kallo tarihin bidiyo ko ta yin amfani da batsa na VR.
The masu amfani da shekaru kallon al'amurran erotica. A kwakwalwar matasa yana kan ganiyarsa na samar da dopamine da neuroplasticity, yin shi sosai m zuwa buri da kuma yanayin jima'i. Dabbobin samari suna bayarwa matakai mafi girma na DeltaFosB a sakamakon maganin kwayoyi da kuma sakamakon lada.

Harkokin jima'i da magunguna suna amfani da irin wadannan nau'o'in kwakwalwa

Harkokin jima'i da magunguna suna kunna daidai irin wannan sakamako kewaye da kwayoyin kwayoyin. Ya bambanta, akwai kawai ƙananan kashi na farfadowa-cell activation kunna betweda magungunan ƙwayoyi da sauran ladabi irin su abinci ko ruwa. Kashe jikin kwayar halitta guda daya da ke yin jima'i don haka tursasawa yana taimakawa wajen bayyana dalilin da yasa meth, cocaine, da heroin zasu iya zama daɗaɗɗa.

Abin sha'awa, masu shan heroin sau da yawa suna da'awar cewa yin harbi "yana jin kamar inzali". Tare da goyon bayan ƙwarewarsu, fitar da heroin yana kwaikwayon tasirin jarabar heroin akan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi iri ɗaya. Musamman ma, fitar da maniyyi yana rage ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi iri ɗaya waɗanda ke haifar da dopamine waɗanda ke raguwa idan aka yi amfani da heroin na yau da kullun. Wannan ba yana nufin jima'i ba shi da kyau ba. Kawai yana sanar da mu cewa magungunan jaraba suna kwace hanyoyin da ke motsa mu mu koma ɗakin kwana.

Sakamakon sakamako na cibiyar

Ba kamar sauran ladaran da ba na magani ba ( abinci mai daɗi ko sukari) , amma kamar magungunan cin zarafi, gogewar jima'i tana haifar da canje-canje na dogon lokaci a cikin lambobi da nau'ikan masu karɓar glutamate na cibiyar lada. Glutamate shine babban mai ba da amsa ga jijiyoyi wanda ke isar da bayanai daga manyan sassan kwakwalwa zuwa cibiyar lada. Waɗannan daidaitawar jijiyoyi suna sa cibiyar lada ta fi dacewa da gani, sauti, tunani ko tunanin da ke da alaƙa da ayyukan jima'i.

Bugu da ƙari, amfani da jima'i da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana haifar da tarin DeltaFosB, wani furotin da ke kunna kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da jaraba. Canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta da yake samarwa kusan iri ɗaya ne ga yanayin jima'i da kuma amfani da magunguna na yau da kullun . Ko dai jima'i ne ko magungunan cin zarafi, yawan matakan DeltaFosB suna sake kunna kwakwalwa don sha'awar "IT", komai "IT". Magungunan jaraba ba wai kawai suna kwace ainihin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da aka kunna ba yayin sha'awar jima'i, suna haɗa hanyoyin ilmantarwa iri ɗaya waɗanda suka samo asali don sa mu sha'awar jima'i.

Bugu da ƙari, matakan dopamine na cibiyar lada don sha'awar jima'i suna fafatawa da waɗanda aka gani da kwayoyi masu jaraba kamar morphine, barasa da nicotine (sun fi kowace lada ta halitta girma). Yawan matakan dopamine da opioid suna ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da za mu iya bambancewa tsakanin cin apple da kuma yin inzali mai ban sha'awa.

Shin batsa na intanet?

Saboda haka, maganganun da aka saba amfani da su kamar wannan sharhin na ainihi sun rabu: " To, ayyuka da yawa suna ƙara dopamine, don haka batsa ta intanet ba ta da jaraba fiye da kallon faɗuwar rana ko wasan golf. " Wannan magana ce daga masanin ilimin jima'i (tare da fahimta ta zahiri). Hakazalika, a cikin martanin Marty Klein, masanin jima'i ga wani labarin Zimbardo & Wilson, ya yi iƙirarin cewa martanin kwakwalwa ga kallon batsa ba ya bambanta da kallon faɗuwar rana :

"Ban da haka, kwakwalwarmu tana amsawa ta wannan hanyar da za a iya gani idan muka rungumi jikoki ko kuma muka ji dadin faduwar rana."

Da'awar Klein an gwada shi da daɗewa kuma an yi jayayya, a cikin binciken 2000 fMRI: "Hanyoyin hawan cocaine masu ciwo: ƙananan neuroanatomical ga masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma maganin miyagun kwayoyi. Binciken yana da maganin cututtukan cocaine da fina-finai masu kyau na: 1) mutanen da ke shan taba cocaine, 2) al'amuran yanayi, da kuma 3) abubuwan da ke cikin jima'i. Sakamakon: masu hanta na cocaine suna da nau'o'in kayan aiki na kwakwalwa kamar yadda suke kallon batsa da kallon abubuwan da suka shafi jarabawarsu. (Ba shakka, mabiya addinan cocaine da masu kula da lafiya suna da nauyin haɓaka ta kwakwalwa don batsa.) Duk da haka, ga masu haɓakawa da kuma iko, alamu na yin kwakwalwa idan kallon yanayin yanayi ya bambanta da alamu yayin kallo don batsa. Kyau mai ban mamaki magana!

Muhimmin ra'ayin da za a iya ɗauka a matsayin "maganin jima'i" shi ne cewa ƙwayoyi na iya kunna jijiyoyin "jima'i" kuma su haifar da hayaniya ba tare da ainihin jima'i ba. Haka nan batsa ta intanet ba zai iya faruwa ba. Golf da faɗuwar rana ba za su iya faruwa ba. A wannan yanayin, haka nan tsohon rock & roll mai kyau ba zai iya faruwa ba.

Ba'a buƙatar jarabawa don ko dai sautin kwakwalwa ya haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta ko tasiri

Yayi kyau ka samu: Bidiyon Intanet abu ne mai ban mamaki na musamman kuma "inji mai samar da kwayoyin dopamine." Tambayar da aka saba ita ce:

" Menene sakamakon duk wannan dopamine ?"

Duk da haka, mafi mahimmanci tambaya ita ce:

" Menene sakamakon da zai iya faruwa duk wannan dopamine a matsayin martani ga haɗuwa ɗaya ta abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa ?" (a wannan yanayin batsa ta intanet da allon kwamfuta)."

Duk da yake sakamakon yana da yawa, kwakwalwa ta baya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin magunguna masu yawa da kuma yanayin da aka gani:

1) Yanayin jima'i

Wannan ya bayyana ta hanyoyi guda biyu:

Typeaya daga cikin yanayin yanayin jima'i ana iya taƙaita shi azaman - “Wannan yadda mutane suke da jima'i, kuma wannan shine yadda ya kamata in yi. "Mafi yawan bincike & sananne articles mayar da hankali kan irin wannan yanayin jima'i, musamman ma a matasa. Ko da yake muhimmiyar mahimmanci, YBOP ya maida hankalin irin nauyin jima'i na biyu.
Nau'i na biyu ana iya takaita shi kamar - “Wannan shine abin da ya juya ni a kan."Wannan yanayin mai zurfi, mafi girman ilmin ilmin na iya hadawa da: kallon batsa kasancewa mafi ban sha'awa fiye da ainihin jima'i, ko buƙatar dannawa daga bidiyo zuwa bidiyo don nishadantar da jima'i, ko jerin abubuwan da ba'a taɓa ƙarewa ba. batsa-induced fetishes masu amfani da rahoto.

2) Canje-canje kwakwalwa masu nasaba

Waɗannan suna zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Waɗannan sauye-sauye masu rikitarwa na kwakwalwa suna kan bakan gizo kuma suna iya faruwa ba tare da haɓaka jaraba mai tsanani ba (kamar yadda yake a cikin wannan binciken kan masu amfani da batsa ).

Ga ra'ayi mai muhimmanci: Dukkan yanayin jima'i da jaraba raba da wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa, tana faruwa a cikin wannan tsarin, wanda aka fara da shi wannan alamar nazarin halittu.

Kwararren kwakwalwa ana kiran 'sanarwa'(amma cikewar buri da ke cike da ƙananan kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa)
Wannan tsarin shine cibiyar bayar da sakamako (nucleus accumbens).
Alamar farko ita ce, dopamine.

Sensitization yana faruwa lokacin da kwakwalwa ke haɗa abubuwan gani, sauti, ƙamshi, jin dadi, motsin rai, da tunanin da ke haɗe da babban lada, kamar taɓa al'aura zuwa batsa - ƙirƙirar hanyar da zata iya lalata cibiyar ladan mu a nan gaba. Lokacin da aka kunna ta hanyar alamomi ko maɓallan, wannan hanyar tana haifar da ƙarfi, mai wuyar watsi, sha'awa.

Yin amfani da ƙwayoyi ko lada na halitta (batsa, abinci mai guba) yana haifar da yawan dopamine, wanda kwakwalwarka ta asali ke fassarawa kamar haka: “ Wannan aikin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci – kuma ya kamata ka yi shi akai-akai .” Tabbas, babu abin da ya fi muhimmanci ga kwakwalwarka ta asali fiye da yaɗa kwayoyin halittarka – koda kuwa kwakwalwarka mafi girma ta fahimci cewa kawai allo ne. Dopamine yana taimaka mana mu tuna da maimaita abin da (ta ɗauka) ke ƙara wa kwayoyin halittarmu ci gaba. Yana cimma wannan ta hanyar sake haɗa kwakwalwa.

Kayan aikin binge da kake yi na bogi: Dopamine yana haifar da DeltaFosB

" Tsarin da ke cike da kuzari" fa'ida ce ta juyin halitta a cikin yanayi inda rayuwa ke ƙara samun ci gaba ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Ka yi tunanin kerkeci, waɗanda ke buƙatar adana har zuwa fam ashirin na kisa ɗaya a lokaci guda. Ko kuma kakanninmu, waɗanda ke buƙatar adana kalori mai inganci a matsayin ƙarin fam don sauƙin jigilar su don tsira daga mawuyacin lokaci. Ko lokacin haɗuwa, lokacin da akwai haram don yin ciki. A da, irin waɗannan damar ba kasafai suke ba kuma suna wucewa da sauri. (Sabuntawa: an sami yanayin cin abinci mai ƙarfi .)

Muhallin mu sun canza sosai. Intanit yana ba da damar samun matsala, wadda kwakwalwarka ta ƙira ta zama ainihin saboda ka ga su suna motsawa. Kamar yadda duk mai kyau mai shayarwa zai yi, za ka yi ƙoƙari ta atomatik don yada jinsinku a nesa da fadi, amma babu wata iyaka ka kakar wasa.

Danna, danna, danna, taɓawa, dannawa, dannawa, dannawa, dannawa. Kullum, ba tare da ba wa kwakwalwarka hutu mai kyau ba. Wannan zai iya haifar da yawan bugun zuciyarka. Juyin Halitta bai shirya kwakwalwarka ta asali don irin wannan motsa jiki ba tare da tsayawa ba.

Jackpot na Juyin Halitta

Cin abinci fiye da kima (abinci ko jima'i) alama ce ga kwakwalwarka ta farko cewa ka kai ga babban ci gaban juyin halitta . Tare da ci gaba da shan ƙwayoyi fiye da kima a kullum, yawan dopamine yana haifar da samar da furotin DeltaFosB . Ci gaba da shan lada fiye da kima na halitta ( jima'i , sukari , yawan kitse , motsa jiki na motsa jiki ) ko shan ƙwayoyi na yau da kullun na kusan kowace magani na cin zarafi yana sa DeltaFosB ta taru a hankali a cikin da'irar lada. DeltaFosB yana kunna wasu kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke haifar da canje-canje da yawa a kwakwalwa, gami da faɗakarwa.

Kwace-rikice na lokaci-lokaci → Dopamine → DeltaFosB → Sensitization

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa kwayoyi masu sa maye suna haifar da jaraba ne kawai saboda suna haɓaka ko hana hanyoyin riga ya kasance a wurin don sakamakon ladabi. Daya daga DeltaFosB's Manufofin juyin halitta shine don motsawa mu "samu yayin da samun ke da kyau!" Tsarin inji ne don abinci da kuma haifuwa, wanda yayi aiki da kyau a wasu lokuta da mahalli. Tare da bayyanar nau'ikan nau'ikan sakamako na al'ada, duk da haka, yana haifar da ƙari ga abincin takalma da kuma internet batsa kamar sauki kamar 1-2-3.

Sensitization: An kafa babban ƙwaƙwalwar Pavlovian

Ana iya taƙaita koyo, tunawa, da halaye a cikin tsohuwar magana, amma gaskiya ne, “ Kwayoyin jijiyoyi waɗanda ke aiki tare, suna haɗa waya .”

Sake yin amfani da jaraba a baya ya samo asali ne daga DeltaFosB , wanda ke ƙarfafa alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa musu sadarwa. Yayin da DeltaFosB ke aiki a kan da'irar lada, haɗin jijiyoyi masu ƙarfi suna bayan duk koyo. Wannan tsari ana kiransa neuroplasticity . Mafi ƙarfin ƙwarewar, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa . Mafi ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, mafi sauƙin saurin motsawar lantarki don tafiya a kan wannan sabuwar hanyar.

Idan kallon batsa na yau da kullun ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa dangane da jaraba, to kun ƙirƙiri wani tsari a cikin kwakwalwarku . Kamar yadda ruwa ke gudana ta hanyar da ba ta da juriya sosai, haka nan ma abubuwan sha'awa, da kuma tunani. Kamar kowace fasaha, yadda kuke yin aiki da sauri yana da sauƙi. Ba da daɗewa ba zai zama atomatik , ba tare da wani tunani mai zurfi ba. Kun ƙirƙiri wani mummunan batsa a cikin kwakwalwarku wanda ake kira hanyar jijiyoyi mai hankali.

Pavlovian kwanciya

Ana iya ɗaukar hanyoyin da aka ji daɗinsu a matsayin yanayin Pavlovian akan turbos. Lokacin da tunani ko abubuwan da ke haifar da aiki suka kunna su , hanyoyin da aka ji daɗinsu suna tayar da da'irar lada, suna haifar da sha'awar da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba. Nazarin kwakwalwa da yawa da aka yi kwanan nan kan masu amfani da batsa sun tantance tasirinsu, kuma duk sun ba da rahoton martanin kwakwalwa iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka gani a cikin masu shan giya da masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ( kimanin bincike 25 sun ba da rahoton tasirinsu ga masu amfani da batsa/masu shan jima'i)

DeltaFosB yana raguwa a hankali, kuma yana komawa ga matsayinsa na yau da kullun kimanin watanni 2 bayan shan ƙwayoyi na ƙarshe. Ko da yake DeltaFosB ba ya nan, hanyoyin da ke da hankali suna nan, wataƙila har tsawon rayuwa. Ku tuna, manufar DeltaFosB ita ce haɓaka sake haɗa kwakwalwa, don ku ji babban farin ciki daga duk abin da kuka kasance kuna cinyewa da yawa. Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ko kuma ilmantarwa mai zurfi, tana daɗewa bayan faruwar lamarin. Jaraba ba ta da lahani sosai - galibi ilmantarwa ce ta cututtuka.

Yaushe ne giciye layin?

Dayawa suna tambaya bayyananniya:Nawa ne da yawa? " Wannan tambaya tana ɗaukar wannan tasirin batsa binary ne. Wato, ba ku da matsala, ko kun kasance mai shan magani. Kodayake, kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta haifar da sauye-sauye a kan bidiyon kuma ba za'a iya lasafta shi a matsayin baki da fari, ko dai / ko. Tambayar inda wanda ya gicciye layin ya ƙi kula da ka'idar neuroplasticity: kwakwalwa yana koyon koyaushe, sauyawa da daidaitawa don amsa yanayin.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa ko da ƙananan mahimmancin motsa jiki na iya canza hankalin kwakwalwa da sauya hali.

Misali, ya ɗauki kwanaki 5 kacal kafin a fara nuna alamun jin daɗin wasannin bidiyo ga matasa masu lafiya. 'Yan wasan ba su da jaraba, amma yawan aikin kwakwalwa ya yi daidai da sha'awar yin wasa. A wani gwaji , kusan dukkan berayen da aka ba su damar shiga "abincin cafeteria" sun yi kiba sosai. Kwanaki kaɗan ne kawai suka rage cin abinci mai yawa don masu karɓar dopamine na bera su ragu (wanda hakan ya rage gamsuwarsu). Rashin gamsuwa ya sa berayen su ƙara yin kiba.

Parin batsa yana da ƙarin tasiri

Game da batsa ta intanet, wannan binciken Jamusanci kan maza waɗanda ba sa shan batsa ya gano canje-canje a kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da jaraba da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa ga batsa da ke da alaƙa da ƙarin shan batsa. Wani bincike na Italiya ya gano cewa 16% na ɗaliban makarantar sakandare waɗanda suka sha batsa fiye da sau ɗaya a mako sun fuskanci ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i. Kwatanta hakan da 0% na masu amfani da batsa waɗanda ba sa shan batsa suna ba da rahoton ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, kowane bincike da ya shafi maza ( sama da nazarin 70 ) ya ba da rahoton ƙarin amfani da batsa da ke da alaƙa da rashin gamsuwar jima'i ko dangantaka. Abin da aka ɗauka shi ne cewa ba a buƙatar jaraba don manyan canje-canje a kwakwalwa ko mummunan tasiri.

A sauƙaƙe, halayyar jima'i, haɓakawa, ko wasu kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, tana faruwa a wani bakan. Har ila yau, gane cewa kwakwalwarmu tana koya koyaushe da kuma daidaita da yanayin. Intanit yanar gizo, kasancewa mai daɗaɗɗen kwakwalwa wanda aka kera akan jima'i na jima'i, yana haifar da kwakwalwa da kuma fahimta.

Shi ya sa yin tambayoyi kamar “ Menene ma'anar batsa ?” ko “Yaya yawan amfani da batsa ke ƙunshe da jaraba ?” ba su da ma'ana kuma ba su da mahimmanci. Na farko kamar tambayar ko injinan caca ne ko blackjack ne ke haifar da jarabar caca. Na biyu kamar tambayar mai shan abinci mintuna nawa take ɓatar da abinci.

Cibiyar bayar da lada ( nucleus accumbens ) ba ta san menene "batsa" ba. Yana yin rikodin matakan ƙarfafawa ne kawai ta hanyar ƙaruwar dopamine . Wannan ilimin halittar jiki ne, ba ɗabi'a ko siyasa ta jima'i ba.

Drug addictions ba kawai jaraba ne ba

Sanin kowa ne cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da dopamine, kamar barasa ko cocaine, na iya haifar da jaraba. Duk da haka, kusan kashi 10-20% ne kawai na mutane ko dabbobi da ke amfani da magungunan jaraba ( banda nicotine ) suka taɓa zama masu jaraba. Shin wannan yana nufin sauranmu mun tsira daga jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi? Wataƙila. Idan ana maganar shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, kwayoyin halitta da damuwa na yara suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.

Duk da haka idan ana maganar samun damar shiga nau'ikan lada na halitta marasa iyaka, kamar abinci mara amfani, ko ma wasannin bidiyo , amsar ita ce a'a , kodayake ba kowane mai amfani ne ke kamuwa da shi ba.

Yawancin nazarin dabba sun nuna cewa abinci mai cin gashi ya fi nuni fiye da cocaine, (berayen suna son sukari zuwa cocaine) da kuma cewa mummunan abu ga kiba zai iya kawowa kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa. A zahiri, lokacin da aka ba beraye damar "abinci na gidan abinci," kusan 100% binge zuwa kiba. Ratswayar berayen 'ƙwaƙwalwa da halaye suna kama da na masu shan kwayoyi. Wadannan berayen ba sa cin abinci fiye da kima a kan gwadon bera na yau da kullun, kamar yadda masu farauta ba sa samun kiba a abincinsu na asali.

Ofarfin sukari da mai

Wannan yana taimakawa wajen bayyana dalilin da yasa kashi 39% na manyan Amurkawa suna da kiba kuma kashi 75% ko fiye suna da kiba , duk da cewa babu ɗayansu da ke son yin hakan. Da zarar an kunna wutar lantarki a kwakwalwarmu, za mu iya rage kalori 1500 cikin sauƙi a cikin burgers, soyayyen dankali da milkshakes. Gwada rage kalori 1500 na busasshen naman alade da aka dafa da kuma tushen da aka dafa a cikin zama ɗaya (ko a cikin kwana ɗaya).

Abincin yau mai yawan kitse/sukari da batsa ta intanet (kuna karanta wannan) suna da damar haɗa mutane fiye da ƙwayoyi. Waɗannan nau'ikan lada na halitta na al'ada na iya shawo kan hanyoyin gamsuwa na kwakwalwarmu - jin "Na gama" - saboda adadin kuzari mai yawa da damar haɗuwa sune manyan abubuwan da kwayoyin halittarku ke fifita. Dalilin da ya sa nau'ikan abinci da jima'i masu ban sha'awa na iya kama mu - ko da ba mu da saurin kamuwa da jaraba - shine cewa hanyar lada ta samo asali ne don tura mu zuwa ga abinci da jima'i , ba magunguna ba.

A wata hanyar kuma, babu wata hanyar da ake bi wajen neman heroin, barasa, ko cocaine. Duk da haka akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na kwakwalwa da aka keɓe don neman abinci da jima'i. Kuma, yayin da muke son abinci mai kyau, sha'awar jima'i da inzali suna fitar da mafi girman matakan sinadarai masu lada (dopamine da opioids). Haka ya kamata ya kasance: haifuwa ita ce aikin kwayoyin halittarmu na farko.

Addictionwarewar ɗabi'a da sinadarai sun raba nau'ikan hanyoyin yau da kullun da canjin kwakwalwa

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa jarabar ɗabi'a ( jarabar abinci , caca ta hanyar cututtuka , wasannin bidiyo , jarabar intanet da jarabar batsa ) da jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi suna da hanyoyi iri ɗaya da suka haifar da tarin canje-canje iri ɗaya a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa da kuma ilmin sunadarai.

Wannan ba abin mamaki bane saboda kwayoyi zasu iya bunkasa ko hana ayyukan aikin likita kawai. Hanyar da aka saba amfani dashi wajen yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta mai suna "injin aiki". Dukkan kwayoyi da halayen da zasu iya haifar da jaraba ya raba mahimman tsari na aiki: tsadawar dopamine a cikin ƙananan accumbens (wanda ake kira cibiyar kyauta).

Hanyoyin da ke cikin kwakwalwa da aka shafi kwakwalwa sun haɗa:

A cikin sauƙi, kuma mai faɗi, manyan canje-canjen kwakwalwa da jaraba ke haifarwa sune: 1) Jin Daɗi , 2) Rashin Jin Daɗi , 3) Da'irori na gaba-gaba marasa aiki (hypofrontality), 4) Da'irori na damuwa marasa aiki . An gano duk waɗannan canje-canje guda 4 na kwakwalwa a cikin nazarin da aka yi a kan masu amfani da batsa da yawa da kuma masu shan jima'i :

1. Sensitization (sakewa-reactivity & cravings)

Aƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ke tattare da motsawa da sakamako don neman zama mai saurin rikitarwa ga tunanin ko cues related zuwa halin haɗari. Wannan yana haifar da Ƙara "sha'awar" ko sha'awar yayin da yake so ko yardar rai ya ragu. Abubuwa, kamar kunna kwamfyuta, ganin abun fashewa, ko kasancewa shi kaɗai, suna haifar da matsananciyar sha'awar batsa. Wadannan suna da wuyar watsi. Wasu sun kwatanta amsawar batsa da aka sani a matsayin 'shigar da rami wanda ke da mafita guda ɗaya kawai: batsa'. Wataƙila kuna jin karawa, saurin bugun zuciya, har da rawar jiki. Duk abin da zaku iya tunani akai shine shiga cikin shafin da kukafi so. Karatun da ke ba da rahoto game da sanin abin da ya faru ko sake-aiki a cikin masu amfani da batsa / masu jarabar jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 , 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.

2. Rashin ƙarewa (ragin sakamako da haƙuri)

Wannan ya ƙunshi canje-canje na sinadarai da tsarin lokaci mai tsawo waɗanda ke barin mutum ya zama mai ƙarancin jin daɗin jin daɗi . Rashin jin daɗin ji sau da yawa yana bayyana a matsayin haƙuri, wanda shine buƙatar ƙarin magani ko ƙarin ƙarfafawa don cimma irin wannan martani. Wasu masu amfani da batsa suna ɓatar da ƙarin lokaci akan layi, suna tsawaita zaman ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙarfi, suna kallo lokacin da ba sa yin al'aura, ko neman cikakken bidiyon da zai ƙare da shi. Rashin jin daɗin ji kuma yana iya ɗaukar nau'in haɓaka zuwa sabbin nau'ikan, wani lokacin mawuyacin hali da baƙon abu, ko ma damuwa. Wannan saboda girgiza, mamaki ko damuwa duk na iya haɓaka dopamine da raguwar sha'awar jima'i. Wasu nazarin suna amfani da kalmar "habituation" - wanda zai iya haɗawa da hanyoyin koyo ko hanyoyin jaraba. Nazarin da ke ba da rahoton rashin jin daɗin ji ko al'ada a cikin masu amfani da batsa/masu jarabar jima'i: 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7.

3. Hanyoyi na farko na dysfunctional (rauni mai ƙarfi + kunna-sake kunnawa zuwa abubuwan)

Baƙin aiki cortex prefrontal mai aiki na aiki ko canje-canje a cikin haɗin tsakanin tsarin lada da cortex prefrontal yana haifar da rage ikon motsawa, duk da haka mafi girman sha'awar amfani. Wadannan sassan-aiki na diski da ke gudana suna bayyana kamar yadda ake jin cewa bangarorin kwakwalwarku biyu suna aiki cikin yaƙe-yaƙe. Hanyoyin jaraba na ƙwarewa suna ta ihu 'Ee!' yayin da 'kwakwalwarka mafi girma' ke cewa, 'A'a, ba sake!' Yayinda sassan aikin sarrafa kwakwalwarka ke cikin wani rauni mai rauni hanyoyin hanyoyi na jaraba yawanci suna nasara. Nazarin rahoton rahoton mafi ƙarancin zartarwa na aiki (hypofrontality) ko canza ayyukan gabatarwar gaba a cikin masu amfani da batsa / masu jarabar jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.

4. Tsarin yaduwar cuta (mafi girman sha'awar & bayyanar cututtuka)

Wasu kwararru kan jaraba suna ganin jaraba a matsayin matsalar damuwa, domin amfani da ita na tsawon lokaci yana haifar da sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin tsarin damuwa na kwakwalwa, kuma yana shafar hormones na damuwa da ke yawo (cortisol da adrenaline). Tsarin damuwa da ba shi da kyau yana haifar da ko da ƙaramin damuwa wanda ke haifar da sha'awa da komawa baya saboda yana kunna hanyoyin da ke da ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, daina shan jaraba yana kunna tsarin damuwa na kwakwalwa wanda ke haifar da yawancin alamun janyewa da suka zama ruwan dare ga duk jaraba, gami da damuwa, damuwa, rashin barci, fushi da canjin yanayi. A ƙarshe, amsawar damuwa mai yawa yana hana cortex na gaba da ayyukan zartarwa, gami da sarrafa motsin rai da ikon fahimtar sakamakon ayyukanmu gaba ɗaya. Nazarin da ke nuna tsarin damuwa mara aiki a cikin masu amfani da batsa/masu jarabar jima'i: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.

Shin waɗannan ne kawai canje-canjen kwakwalwa? A'a. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan alamomin da ke nuna canje-canje masu zurfi da suka shafi jaraba da sinadarai - kamar yadda hoton ciwon daji ba zai nuna canje-canje masu zurfi da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin halitta/sunadarai ba. Yawancin canje-canje masu zurfi ba za a iya tantance su a cikin samfuran ɗan adam ba saboda kutsen fasahar da ake buƙata. Duk da haka, an gano su a cikin samfuran dabbobi. Duba wannan bita da ke kwatanta canje-canjen kwakwalwa a cikin jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi da halaye: Sakamakon Halitta, Neuroplasticity, da Addictions Non-Drug (2011)

Ƙarin yardar neman kaiwa ga rashin jin dadi (lalatawa)

Kamar yadda haɓakawa da sha'awar ke tilasta maka kayi amfani da batsa, ƙididdigar ladaran lada yana haifar da tawayen gida. Kwayoyin jijiyoyin da aka rufe su ta hanyar dopamine sun ce “ya isa haka.” Idan wani ya ci gaba da kururuwa, sai ka toshe kunnuwanka. A lokacin da kwayoyin jijiyoyin da ke aikawa da kwayar cutar suna ci gaba da fitar da kwayoyin, kwayoyin jijiyoyin da ke karbar suna rufe “kunnuwansu” ta rage masu karɓar dopamine (D2). Don yin abin da ya fi muni, masu karɓar D2 suna taimakawa wajen yin amfani da ƙuntatawa a kan amfani, don haka asarar suna nufin sha'awar wuya don tsayayya. Rashin haɓakawa ya haɗa da raguwa a duka dopamine da opioids. A karshe, a 2014 kwakwalwa duba binciken akan masu amfani da batsa gano cewa yin amfani da batsa mafi girma da haɓakawa mafi girma (asarar lalacewar kayan aiki mai laushi, ƙananan ƙuƙwalwar jima'i).

Hanyoyin motsi na lalatawa yana ƙin sauran ƙwarewar:

yawan sha'awar sha'awa v ƙididdigar jin daɗi v sha'awar → bingeing yana ƙaruwa → ƙara raguwa a cikin dopamine, opioids da masu karɓa → ƙarin lalatawa…

Kuma ba da daɗewa ba an sa ku cikin batsa, saboda babu wani abu da yake kusa da ban sha'awa ga kwakwalwar ku. Daga mahangar halittarka, kyakkyawan tsari ne - don kiyaye maka takin zamani - kafin wannan “damar samun damar saduwa” ta kubuce.

Tashin hankali ya wuce hankali

Rashin hankali yana hana ka jin daɗin jin daɗin yau da kullun, yayin da rashin hankali yana sa kwakwalwarka ta yi aiki sosai ga duk wani abu da ke da alaƙa da jarabar batsa. Bayan lokaci, wannan tsari mai kaifi biyu zai iya sa lada ta yi ta ƙaruwa idan aka nuna maka ainihin amfani da batsa, amma ba ta da daɗi idan aka gabatar maka da ainihin ma'anar. Rashin hankali ba "lalacewa" ba ce. Kwayoyin jijiyoyi na iya sake gina masu karɓar dopamine ko opioid da suka ɓace a cikin walƙiya. Maimakon haka, rashin hankali yana wakiltar tsarin amsawa mara kyau a cikin overdrive (mai yiwuwa ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar canje-canjen epigenetic).

Idan waɗannan canje-canje guda biyu na jijiyoyi za su iya magana, rage ji zai zama nishi, " Ba zan iya samun gamsuwa ba ". Duk game da ƙarancin siginar dopamine ne. A lokaci guda, jin ji zai kasance yana sa ka cikin haƙarƙari ka ce, " Kai abokina, na sami abin da kake buƙata ," wanda shine ainihin abin da ya haifar da rage ji.

Wani ladabi mai amsawa (ƙaranci), hade da hanyar zurfin kwakwalwa da ke haifar da sha'awar da taimako na gajere (mahimmanci), shine abin da ya fi rinjaye.

Gyarawa da sake sakewa

Haɓaka haƙuri (amsa mai daɗi) yana nufin mai shan jaraba yana buƙatar ƙarin "maganin" sa/ta don samun irin wannan tasirin. Masu amfani da batsa masu yawa wani lokacin suna lura cewa yayin da haƙuri ke ƙaruwa don abubuwan da suka saba so, suna motsawa cikin sabbin hanyoyi a cikin neman su na sha'awar sha'awa mai ƙarfi. Mutane da yawa suna neman abin da ya ba su mamaki—watakila saboda "haramtacce" da " abin da ke haifar da tsoro ," tare da sha'awar jima'i, suna ba da babban bugun kwakwalwa… aƙalla na ɗan lokaci.

Don haka, ba sabon abu bane fara aikin batsa tare da hoton sanannen sanannen hottie mai kyau. Kuma bayan wasu watanni sai ka ga “ka samu ci gaba” zuwa ga ’yan mata da awaki ko kuma wuraren fyade na fyade. Ka tuna cewa idan a lokacin da mai shan magani ƙara zuwa sababbin nau'i ko yin rajistar karin lokutan amfani a neman samun gamsuwa, ana kwashe shi ta hanyar lalatawa. Matsayinsa na jima'i bai canza ba.

Escalation kwakwalwa canza

A ƙarshe, masana kimiyya sun fara fahimtar abubuwan da masu amfani da batsa na yau ke fuskanta. Wannan binciken na Belgium na 2016 ya gano cewa rabin mazan da aka yi wa tambayoyi sun ƙaru zuwa abubuwan da suka gani a baya "ba su da ban sha'awa ko kuma abin ƙyama." Waɗanne canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa ne suka haifar da wannan ƙaruwar? A cikin 2014, wata ƙungiyar Cambridge ta yi amfani da na'urar daukar hoto ta kwakwalwa ta ba da rahoton cewa masu amfani da batsa masu matsala sun saba da hotuna da sauri fiye da na'urori kuma sun fi mai da hankali ga sabbin abubuwa. Abin sha'awa, ba su fi son neman abin sha'awa fiye da na'urori masu sarrafawa ba, wanda ke nuna cewa amfani da batsa na iya zama babban abin da ke canza su.

A taƙaice: yayin da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa suka yi tsanani (orgasm + bidiyo), ko kuma yadda ake maimaita su, haka za a ƙara ƙarfin wayoyi. Kowace gogewa tana haɗa sabbin dandanon cikin kwakwalwa. Idan sha'awar jima'i ta canza, haka kwakwalwarka take canzawa. Zuwa yanzu, sama da bincike 45 sun ba da rahoton sakamakon da ya yi daidai da ƙaruwa (juriya) ko kuma saba da batsa na yanzu.

Binciken jita-jita

Wasu har yanzu suna da yakinin cewa sinadarai ne kawai, ba halaye kamar amfani da batsa ta intanet ba , za su iya haifar da jaraba. Duk da haka, masana kimiyyar kwakwalwa waɗanda ke nazarin tasirin jaraba a kwakwalwa sun san daban . Masana a fannin sun bayyana jaraba ta hanyoyi da yawa. Misali mai sauƙi don fahimtar jaraba shine amfani da Cs guda huɗu:

Ƙarfafawa don amfani
Ya ci gaba da amfani da duk da sakamakon da ba haka ba
Ina yiwu zuwa Control amfani
Craving - na tunani ko na zahiri

Batsa jaraba masu naneyers sau da yawa zayyana cewa babu karatun batsa a kan bayyanar cututtuka da haƙuri (buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfafawa don samun sakamako iri ɗaya) yana nufin "jaraba batsa ba". A zahiri, ba da haƙuri ko mummunar bayyanar cututtukan asali ƙa'ida ce ta jaraba. Misali, taba sigari da cocaine na iya shansu sosai. Koyaya, kwarewarsu ta karɓuwa ta al'ada suna sauƙaƙe idan aka kwatanta da masu giya ko jarabar tabar heroin. (Abin da duk gwajin ƙididdigar jarabar jaraba ke rabawa shine, '' ci gaba da amfani duk da sakamako mara kyau '. Amintaccen tabbaci ne na jaraba.)

Samun bayyanar cututtuka

Duk da haka, a cikin dandalin tattaunawa, ina lura da tsoffin masu amfani da batsa akai-akai suna ba da rahoton alamun janyewa mai tsanani , waɗanda ke kama da janyewar miyagun ƙwayoyi: rashin barci, damuwa, rashin jin daɗi, canjin yanayi, ciwon kai, rashin natsuwa, rashin maida hankali sosai, gajiya, baƙin ciki, gurguwar zamantakewa da kuma asarar sha'awa kwatsam da maza ke kira 'layin layi' (wanda a bayyane yake na musamman ga janyewar batsa). Yi wannan tambayar don ganin ko tsarin jaraba yana da tasiri a cikin kwakwalwarka.

A ƙarshe, sai a shekarar 2017 ne ƙungiyoyin bincike guda huɗu suka tambayi masu amfani da batsa ta intanet kai tsaye game da alamun janyewa. Duk sun ruwaito alamun janyewa a cikin "masu amfani da batsa masu matsala" : 1 , 2 , 3. 4.

Haka kuma, jami'o'in Swansea da Milan sun ba da rahoton cewa masu shan intanet, waɗanda yawancinsu ke shiga shafukan batsa ko caca, sun sha wahala a wani nau'in sanyi lokacin da suka daina amfani da yanar gizo , kamar yadda mutane ke fita daga miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Dangane da haƙuri, bincike 4 yanzu sun tambayi masu amfani da batsa kai tsaye game da haɓakawa zuwa sabbin nau'ikan ko haƙuri, suna tabbatar da duka biyun ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na kai tsaye, ƙarin bincike 45 sun ba da rahoton sakamakon da ya dace da al'ada ga "batsa na yau da kullun" ko haɓakawa zuwa nau'ikan da suka fi tsauri da ban mamaki. Duk alamun haƙuri.

The Ƙungiyar {asar Amirka ta Yara Da Yara (ASAM): 'Akwai halayyar halayyar jima'i!'

Masana a fannin jaraba ta hakika, Ƙungiyar Magungunan Jaraba ta Amurka, sun jaddada wannan ra'ayi mai sauƙi wanda ya dogara da bincike na shekaru da yawa: Nuna alamun, alamu da halaye da ke da alaƙa da jaraba yana nuna cewa canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa sun faru.

The Ƙungiyar {asar Amirka ta Yara Da Yara (ASAM) ya kashe abin da ya kamata ya kasance ƙusa ta karshe a cikin jita-jita na jita-jita na batsa a watan Agustan, 2011, watanni goma bayan YBOP ya tafi yanar gizo. Masanan ilimin likita na Amurka a ASAM sun saki su shafe sabon ma'anar buri. Sabuwar ma'anar Ya sake bayyana mahimman bayanai sanya a wannan shafin yanar gizon. Mafi mahimmanci, cin zarafi na hali ya shafi kwakwalwa kamar yadda kwayoyi suke yi. A wasu kalmomi, buri shine wata cuta (yanayin), ba yawa ba.

Jima'i da abubuwan batsa

Ga dukkan dalilai masu amfani, wannan sabon ma'anar ya kawo ƙarshen muhawarar kan ko jarabar jima'i da batsa " ainihin jaraba ne ." ASAM ta bayyana a sarari cewa jarabar halayen jima'i tana wanzuwa kuma dole ne ta faru ne sakamakon canje-canjen kwakwalwa iri ɗaya da aka samu a cikin jarabar abubuwa. Daga Tambayoyin ASAM:

TAMBAYA: Wannan sabon ma'anar jaraba yana nufin jaraba dangane da caca, abinci, da kuma halayyar jima'i. Shin ASAM ta gaskanta cewa abinci da jima'i suna jaraba ne?

AMSA: Sabuwar ma'anar ASAM ta bambanta daga daidaita jaraba da dogaro da abu kawai, ta hanyar bayyana yadda jaraba take da alaƙa da halaye masu lada. … Wannan ma'anar ta ce jaraba tana game da aiki da kewayewar kwakwalwa da kuma yadda tsari da aikin kwakwalwar mutanen da ke da jaraba suka bambanta da tsari da aikin kwakwalwar mutanen da ba su da jaraba. … Halayen abinci da jima'i da halayen caca na iya dangantawa da 'neman lada' da aka bayyana a cikin wannan sabon ma'anar jaraba.

Amma 'jarabar batsa' ba ta cikin APA ta DSM5, daidai ba?

Ƙungiyar Masu Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka (APA) ta riga ta jajirce wajen ƙara amfani da batsa mai jaraba/tilas a cikin littafin bincikenta. Lokacin da ta sabunta littafin a ƙarshe a 2013 ( DSM-5) , ba ta yi la'akari da "jarabar batsa ta intanet" a hukumance ba. Ta zaɓi yin muhawara kan "rashin lafiyar jima'i." An ba da shawarar amfani da kalmar ƙarshe ta halayyar jima'i mai matsala ta DSM-5 bayan shekaru da aka yi ana nazari. Duk da haka, a wani zaman "ɗakin tauraro" na sa'o'i 11 (a cewar wani memba na Ƙungiyar Aiki), wasu jami'an DSM-5 sun ƙi yin jima'i ba tare da wata matsala ba, suna ambaton dalilan da aka bayyana a matsayin marasa ma'ana.

Da suka kai ga wannan matsayi, DSM-5 ta yi watsi da shaidu na hukuma, rahotannin da suka yaɗu game da alamu, alamu da halaye da suka yi daidai da tilastawa da jaraba daga masu fama da cutar da likitocinsu, da kuma shawarwarin kwararru na likitoci da bincike a Ƙungiyar Magungunan Addiction ta Amurka.

Ba zato ba tsammani, DSM ta samar wa masu sukar fasaha wadanda suka ƙi bin tsarin kulawa da ilmin likita da ka'idar likita don maganin bincikensa kawai a cikin bayyanar cututtuka. Wannan karshen ya yarda da yanke shawara, yanke shawara na siyasar da ke ƙin gaskiya. Alal misali, DSM sau ɗaya ba daidai ba an kwatanta liwadi kamar ƙwayar cuta.

Binciken NIMH

Kafin a buga DSM-5 a shekarar 2013, Thomas Insel, wanda a lokacin ne Daraktan Cibiyar Lafiyar Hankali ta Ƙasa, ya yi gargaɗin cewa lokaci ya yi da fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa zai daina dogaro da DSM . Ya bayyana cewa " rashin ƙarfinsa shine rashin ingancinsa ." Insel ya kuma ce " ba za mu iya yin nasara ba idan muka yi amfani da nau'ikan DSM a matsayin "ma'aunin zinare. " Ya ƙara da cewa, " Shi ya sa NIMH za ta sake mayar da hankali kan bincikenta daga nau'ikan DSM ". A wata ma'anar, NIMH za ta dakatar da ba da tallafin bincike bisa ga alamun DSM (da rashin su).

Tun bayan wallafa DSM-5, ɗaruruwan ƙarin nazarin jarabar intanet da jarabar wasannin intanet , da kuma nazarin jijiyoyi da dama kan masu amfani da batsa sun bayyana. Suna ci gaba da rage matsayin DSM-5. Af, wani sabon nau'in jarabar ɗabi'a da aka ƙirƙira ya bayyana a cikin sabon DSM-5 , tare da "rashin lafiyar wasannin intanet" da aka shirya don haɗawa.

Abin mamaki, duk da cewa kafofin watsa labarai sun mayar da hankali kan matsayin DSM-5, masu aikin da ke aiki tare da waɗanda ke da matsalolin halayen jima'i sun ci gaba da gano irin waɗannan matsalolin. Suna amfani da wani ganewar asali a cikin DSM-5. Wasu kuma suna amfani da wani daga ICD-10 na yanzu. Wannan shine littafin bincike na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ake amfani da shi sosai, Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya . Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan labarin mujallar 2016 ta Dr. Richard Krueger:

Binciken da za a iya nunawa ga halayen halayen halayyar mata an haɗa su a cikin DSM da ICD na shekaru kuma za a iya bincikar da su a cikin Amurka ta amfani da DSM-5 da kwanan nan ICD-10 bincike. An la'akari da rashin karfin hali na halin jima'i na ICD-11.

Krueger babban malami ne a fannin kimiyyar tabin hankali a kwalejin likitoci da likitocin likitoci. Ya taimaka sake fasalin ɓangaren rikicewar jima'i na DSM-5.

WHO

Amma babban labari shine a shekarar 2018 Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta gyara taka tsantsan da APA ta yi. Bugu na gaba na littafin binciken lafiya da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya, Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD-11), ya ƙunshi sabon ganewar asali wanda ya dace da jarabar batsa: "Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Wuya ."

Nazarin ilimin jijiyoyi ya tabbatar da abin da muka riga muka sani

wadanda waɗanda ke shelar “ilimin ƙwarewa”A ambaton jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo ko matsalolin lalata da ke haifar da lalata ko dai suna da wata manufa ta siyasa ko kuma ba su da masaniya game da kwanan nan ci gaban addiction neuroscience. Anan akwai ingantaccen labarin jarida da aka yi bita na ƙwararru na inda jarabar ilimin halin ɗan adam ke game da jarabar batsa: Rashin jima'i na batsa - wani abu mai ban sha'awa wanda aka dauka a cikin yanayin neuroplasticity (2013). An buga karatun kwakwalwa da yawa kan masu amfani da batsa tun lokacin da wannan labarin "fara a nan" ya fara bayyana a watan Janairu, 2011. Suna ba da goyan baya ga tsarin jarabar batsa:

Takaddun 2015

Takaddun 2016

Takaddun 2017

Takaddun 2018

Takaddun 2019

Takaddun 2020

Takaddun 2021

Farin abu microstructural da Haɗar da halayen halayen Jima'i - Nazarin Tensor Hoto

Takaddun 2022

Matsakaicin yanayin jijiyoyi da halayen jima'i na tsammanin zurfafa jima'i suna nuni zuwa hanyoyin jaraba-kamar a cikin rikicewar halayyar jima'i (2022)

Taimako ga maganganun YBOP

Nazarin da ke sama ya ba da goyon baya sosai ga maganganun da YBOP ya gabatar a cikin 2011. Sakamakon su sun hada da:

3 babban kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta canzawa: sanarwa, lalatawa, Da kuma hypofrontality.
Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa ya haɗa da ƙananan launin toka a cikin ladaran sakamako (dorsal striatum).
Babban amfani da batsa na hulɗa tare da rewardarancin sakamako na lada yayin viewingara kallon hotuna na jima'i.
Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa yana haɗuwa tare da raunana haɗin haɗin kan tsakanin ladaran lada da kodayake.
Addicts yana da mafi girman aiki na farko ga jima'i, amma ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa (dace da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi).
Yin amfani da hotuna / tsaura zuwa batsa da suka danganci mafi girma jinkirta rangwame (rashin yiwuwar jinkirta jinkirin). Wannan alama ce ta rashin talauci.
60% na batsa na jaraba na batsa a cikin binciken daya sami gogewar ED ko ƙananan libido tare da abokan, amma ba tare da batsa ba. Duk sun bayyana cewa yin amfani da batsa ta hanyar intanet sun haifar da ED / low libido.
Ƙawataccen ra'ayi kwatankwacin masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Nuna nunawa (samfurin of DeltaFosb).
Babban sha'awar & sha'awar batsa, amma ba mafi girma so ba. Wannan yana daidaita tare da samfurin karɓa na karɓa - haɓaka mai ƙarfafawa.
Hotuna masu tsaka-tsalle suna da fifiko mafi kyau ga jima'i amma ƙwayar jikinsu suna cike da sauri zuwa hotunan jima'i. Ba a daɗe ba.
Ƙananan masu amfani da batsa sun fi mayar da martani a cikin ladabi.
Mafi Girma EEG (P300) karatun lokacin da masu amfani da batsa suka fallasa su a kan batutuwa (abin da ke faruwa a cikin wasu ƙari).
Ƙananan sha'awar yin jima'i da mutum yana haɓakawa tare da haɓakawa mai zurfi ga hotuna hotuna.
Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa yana haɓaka da ƙananan LPP amplitude lokacin da ke kallon jima'i na hotuna: yana nuna haɓakawa ko ɓoyewa.
Daƙƙarfan ƙwayar cuta na HPA da canza yanayin da'irar damuwa, wanda ke faruwa a cikin abubuwan maye. Hakanan yana amfani da girma ga amygdala mafi girma, wanda ke da alaƙa da damuwa na yau da kullun na damuwa).
Hanyoyin cututtuka na canzawa a kan kwayoyin tsakiya ta hanyar mayar da hankali ga dan Adam da kuma dangantaka da jaraba.
Matsayi mafi girma daga ƙwayoyin Necrosis Factor (TNF) - wanda ke faruwa a cikin cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma buri.
A kasawa a cikin temporal cortex launin toka abu; rashin haɗin kai tsakanin kamfanoni na gida da wasu yankuna.
Babban mulkin jihar.
Rage cortex prefrontal cortex da na gaban cingulate gyrus al'amarin idan aka kwatanta da lafiya sarrafawa.
Ragewa cikin fararen abu idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawar lafiya.

Wani takarda da Gary Wilson ya yi nazari a kai a shekarar 2016: Kawar da Batsa ta Intanet na Zamani Ana Amfani da Shi Don Bayyana Tasirinsa (2016)

Yayyana yanayin halin yanzu:

Saboda dalilai na siyasa , binciken kwakwalwa da ke ware masu shan batsa ta intanet daga tsofaffin masu shan batsa ta intanet ya yi jinkiri sosai wajen isa gare su. Baya ga nazarin kwakwalwa da ke sama kan masu amfani da batsa, an buga fiye da nazarin kwakwalwa 380 kan masu shan batsa ta intanet, kuma duk sun bayar da rahoton irin wannan canjin kwakwalwa kamar yadda aka gani a masu shan miyagun kwayoyi . Binciken bai tantance kashi nawa na masu binciken suka kamu da batsa ta intanet ba. Duk da haka, ba zai yiwu a kammala da cewa yawan amfani da batsa ta intanet ba zai iya canza kwakwalwa ba, lokacin da aka riga aka tabbatar da cewa abincin da ba a so, wasannin bidiyo, caca, da " Intanet " suna yin hakan.

Duk da jinkirin isa, kowane binciken da aka yi a fannin neuroscience da aka buga (ko a cikin manema labarai) akan masu amfani da batsa na intanet ko "masu jaraba da jima'i" yana goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa amfani da batsa na intanet na iya haifar da canje-canjen kwakwalwa da suka shafi jaraba. Haka kuma sake dubawa na baya-bayan nan game da wallafe-wallafen neuroscience:

Jima'i Jima'i a matsayin Cututtuka: Shaida don Bincike, Bincike, da Amsawa ga Masu Tsara (2015)

Wannan yana samar da ginshiƙi wanda zai ɗauki takamaiman zargi da kuma bayar da kwatancen abin da ke musu.

Shafin yanar gizo na Intanit: Wani Bincike da Ɗaukaka (2015)

Wannan yana ba da cikakken nazari game da wallafe-wallafen wallafe-wallafen da ke da alaƙa da ƙananan jaraba na Intanet, tare da mai da hankali na musamman game da jarabar batsa na intanet, duba - Binciken ya kuma yi suka game da karatun EEG biyu da ke ɗauke da taken kai tsaye wanda ke da'awar "lalata" buri

Cybersex Addiction (2015)

Karin Bayani: A cikin labaran da suka gabata, jarabar yanar gizo ana ɗaukarta a matsayin wani nau'in jarabar yanar gizo. Wasu nazarin da ake yi a yanzu sun binciki kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar yanar gizo da sauran jarabar ɗabi'a, kamar Matsalar Wasannin Intanet. Ana ɗaukar martanin Cue-reactivity da sha'awa a matsayin babban rawa a jarabar yanar gizo. Nazarin hotunan jijiyoyi yana goyan bayan zato na abubuwan da suka shafi ma'ana tsakanin jarabar yanar gizo da sauran jarabar ɗabi'a da kuma dogaro da abubuwa masu guba.

Kwayoyin halitta na Harkokin Jima'i Mai Girma: Kimiyya Masu Mahimmanci (2016)

Abin da aka ɗauko: " Idan aka yi la'akari da wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin CSB da jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi, hanyoyin magance jaraba na iya zama alƙawari ga CSB, don haka yana ba da haske game da jagororin bincike na gaba don bincika wannan yiwuwar kai tsaye ."

Ya kamata Halayyar Tunawa da Halin Jima'i Game da Abin Yara? (2016)

Takaitaccen Bayani: " Akwai siffofi masu haɗuwa tsakanin CSB da matsalolin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Tsarin neurotransmitter na yau da kullun na iya ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin CSB da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da neuroimaging ya nuna kamanceceniya da ke da alaƙa da sha'awa da son zuciya. Irin waɗannan magungunan magani da na psychotherapy na iya amfani da su ga CSB da jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi"

Abun ciki mai haɗari na jima'i kamar yadda ake ji dadin jiki: Abinda ke cikin yanar gizo da sauran abubuwan (2016)

Karin bayani: " ana buƙatar ƙarin mayar da hankali kan halayen intanet domin waɗannan na iya sauƙaƙe matsalolin halayen jima'i. " da kuma " shaidar asibiti daga waɗanda ke taimakawa da kuma kula da irin waɗannan mutane ya kamata a ba su ƙarin amincewa daga ƙungiyar masu tabin hankali ."

Kwayoyin Neurobiological Basirar Hudu (2016)

Karin Bayani: " Idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, shaidar tana nuna cewa canje-canje a cikin yankin gaba, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, da kwakwalwa waɗanda ke aiwatar da lada suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyanar yawan jima'i. Nazarin kwayoyin halitta da hanyoyin magance cututtukan neuropharmacological suna nuna cewa tsarin dopaminergic yana da hannu."

Cybersex Addiction (2015)

Karin Bayani: "A cikin labaran da suka gabata, jarabar yanar gizo ana ɗaukarta a matsayin wani nau'in jarabar intanet. Wasu nazarin da ake yi a yanzu sun binciki kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar yanar gizo da sauran jarabar ɗabi'a, kamar Matsalar Wasannin Intanet. Ana ɗaukar martani da sha'awa a matsayin manyan rawa a jarabar yanar gizo. Nazarin hotunan jijiyoyi yana goyan bayan zato na abubuwan da suka shafi ma'ana tsakanin jarabar yanar gizo da sauran jarabar ɗabi'a da kuma dogaro da abubuwa."

Binciken tsabta a cikin ruwa mai laushi: matakan da za a dauka na gaba don nuna halayyar halayyar halayyar halayya kamar yadda ake yi (2016)

Karin Bayani: Kwanan nan mun yi la'akari da shaidun da ke nuna cewa halayen jima'i na tilastawa (CSB) suna da alaƙa da jarabar da ba ta da wani sinadari (halayya). Bincikenmu ya gano cewa CSB ta raba kamanceceniya ta asibiti, ta jijiyoyi da kuma ta yanayin da ke tattare da cututtukan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kodayake Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ma'aikatan Lafiya ta Amurka ta ƙi amincewa da rashin lafiyar jima'i daga DSM-5, ana iya gano CSB (sha'awar jima'i fiye da kima) ta amfani da ICD-10. Haka kuma ICD-11 tana la'akari da CSB.

Shin Intanit Intanit yana haifar da Dysfunctions? Wani Nazari tare da Rahotanni na Clinical (2016)

Nazari mai zurfi na wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi matsalolin batsa. Haɗin gwiwar likitocin Navy na Amurka, sake nazarin ya ba da sabon bayanan da ke nuna gagarumin tashin hankali na matsalolin jima'i na samari. Hakanan yana sake nazarin karatun neurological da ke da alaƙa da jarabar batsa da kuma yanayin jima'i ta hanyar batsa ta Intanet. Likitocin sun bayar da rahotannin asibiti guda 3 na mazajen da suka ci gaba da lalata abubuwan batsa.

Haɗaka ka'idodin tunani da na kwayoyin halitta game da ci gaba da kuma kula da ƙwayoyin amfani da yanar-gizon: Abinda ke hulɗa da mutum-shafi-Cognition-Execution model (2016)

Binciken hanyoyin da ke haifar da ci gaba da kiyaye takamaiman rikicewar amfani da Intanet, gami da "rikicewar kallon bidiyo-Intanet". Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa jarabar batsa (da kuma cin zarafin yanar gizo) ana sanya su azaman rikicewar amfani da intanet kuma an sanya su tare da wasu ƙwarewar ɗabi'a a ƙarƙashin rikicewar amfani da abubuwa azaman halayen haɗari.

Jima'i Jaraba sura daga Neurobiology na Addictions, Oxford Press (2016)

Karin Bayani: Muna yin bita kan tushen ilimin halittar jijiyoyi game da jaraba, gami da jaraba ta halitta ko ta tsari, sannan mu tattauna yadda wannan ya shafi fahimtarmu ta yanzu game da jima'i a matsayin lada ta halitta wacce za ta iya zama "ba za a iya sarrafa ta ba" a rayuwar mutum.

Hanyoyin Neuroscientific su kai tsaye ga Addinan Tunawa na Intanet (2017)

Abin da aka ɗauko: A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, an gudanar da bincike da dama tare da hanyoyin kimiyyar jijiyoyi, musamman ma hoton maganadisu mai aiki (fMRI), don bincika alaƙar jijiyoyi na kallon batsa a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji da kuma alaƙar jijiyoyi na yawan amfani da batsa. Idan aka yi la'akari da sakamakon da ya gabata, yawan shan batsa na iya haɗawa da hanyoyin jijiyoyi da aka riga aka sani waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaban jarabar da ke da alaƙa da sinadarai.

Shin halayen jima'i ne mai rikitarwa? (2017)

Karin Bayani: Bincike kan ilimin halittar kwakwalwa na matsalar halayyar jima'i ta tilastawa ya haifar da sakamakon da ya shafi son zuciya, halayen ƙarfafa gwiwa, da kuma amsawar kwakwalwa wanda ke nuna kamanceceniya mai yawa da jaraba . Mun yi imanin cewa rarraba matsalar halayyar jima'i ta tilastawa a matsayin cuta mai jaraba ya yi daidai da bayanan da aka samu kwanan nan kuma yana iya amfanar likitoci, masu bincike, da mutanen da wannan cuta ta shafa da kuma waɗanda suka shafi kansu.

Shaida na Pudding Yana cikin Tasting: Bayanan da ake bukata don gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwajen da haɗin kai dangane da halayen jima'i masu jima'i (2018)

Karin Bayani: Daga cikin fannonin da za su iya nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin CSB da cututtukan jaraba akwai nazarin hotunan jijiyoyi, tare da wasu bincike da Walton et al. suka yi watsi da su kwanan nan ( 2017 ). Nazarin farko sau da yawa yana bincika CSB dangane da samfuran jaraba (an yi bita a cikin Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b ; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b ).

Ƙarfafa ilimi, rarrabawa, magani, da manufofi da manufofin Bayani game da: Harkokin halayyar jima'i da ke cikin ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018)

Karin Bayani: Shawarar da ake bayarwa a yanzu ta rarraba matsalar CSB a matsayin matsalar sarrafa motsin rai tana da ce-ce-ku-ce saboda an gabatar da wasu samfura daban-daban ( Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013 ). Akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa CSB tana da siffofi da yawa tare da jaraba ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), gami da bayanan da suka gabata da ke nuna karuwar amsawar sassan kwakwalwa masu alaƙa da lada bisa ga alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke haifar da sha'awa ( Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014.

Halayyar Jima'i mai haɗari a cikin Mutum da Tsarin Tsarin Harshen (2018)

Karin Bayani: Ana ɗaukar halayen jima'i masu tilastawa (CSB) a matsayin "jaraba ta ɗabi'a," kuma babbar barazana ce ga ingancin rayuwa da lafiyar jiki da ta hankali. A ƙarshe, wannan bita ta taƙaita nazarin halaye da hotunan jijiyoyi kan CSB na ɗan adam da kuma kamuwa da wasu cututtuka, gami da shan muggan kwayoyi. Tare, waɗannan nazarin sun nuna cewa CSB yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin dorsal anterior cingulate da prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum, da thalamus, ban da raguwar haɗin kai tsakanin amygdala da prefrontal cortex.

Ayyukan neurocognitive a cikin halayen halayen jima'i (2018)

Abin da aka ɗauko: Zuwa yanzu, yawancin binciken da aka yi kan halayyar jima'i ta hanyar jijiyoyi sun bayar da shaidar hanyoyin da suka haɗu waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin halayen jima'i na tilas da jarabar da ba ta jima'i ba. Halayyar jima'i ta tilas tana da alaƙa da canjin aiki a yankunan kwakwalwa da hanyoyin sadarwa da ke da alaƙa da hankali, ɗabi'a, rashin kula da motsin rai, da kuma sarrafa lada a cikin alamu kamar abubuwan da ke haifar da jaraba, caca, da caca. Manyan yankuna na kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da fasalulluka na CSB sun haɗa da cortices na gaba da na lokaci, amygdala, da striatum, gami da nucleus accumbens.

Wani fahimtar halin yau da kullum game da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice da matsala mai rikitarwa.

Abin da aka ƙara: Nazarin ƙwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa halayen jima'i na tilas suna da alaƙa da canza tsarin kayan jima'i da bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa da aikinsu. Kodayake an gudanar da bincike kaɗan game da ƙwayoyin halitta na CSBD zuwa yau, bayanan da ake da su sun nuna cewa rashin daidaituwar ƙwayoyin halitta suna raba al'umma tare da wasu ƙari kamar amfani da ƙwayoyi da matsalolin caca. Don haka, bayanan da ake da su sun nuna cewa rarrabuwar ta na iya zama mafi dacewa a matsayin jarabar ɗabi'a maimakon matsalar sarrafa motsin rai.

Maganin Rahoton Maganganu a Ayyukan Harkokin Jima'i Mai Girma (2018)

Abin da aka Faɗa: Daga cikin nazarin da ake da su a yanzu, mun sami damar samun wallafe-wallafe tara (Tebur 1 ) waɗanda suka yi amfani da hoton maganadisu mai aiki. Huɗu ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan ( 36-39 ) suka binciki kai tsaye kan sarrafa alamun batsa da/ko lada da kuma sakamakon da aka ruwaito da suka shafi kunna ventral striatum. Nazari uku sun nuna ƙaruwar amsawar ventral striatum don abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ( 36-39 ) ko alamun da ke hasashen irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da sha'awa ( 36-39 ) . Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da Ka'idar Incentive Salience Theory (IST) ( 28 ) , ɗaya daga cikin fitattun tsare-tsare da ke bayyana aikin kwakwalwa a cikin jaraba.

Shafin Farko na Yanar Gizo: Abin da muka sani da kuma abin da ba mu kasance ba-wani nazari na yaudara (2019)

Karin Bayani: Kamar yadda muka sani, wasu bincike da aka yi kwanan nan sun goyi bayan wannan abu a matsayin jaraba mai muhimman alamu na asibiti kamar rashin aikin jima'i da rashin gamsuwa da jima'i. Yawancin ayyukan da ake yi yanzu sun dogara ne akan irin wannan binciken da aka yi kan masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, bisa ga hasashen batsa ta yanar gizo a matsayin 'ƙarfafawa ta sama' kamar ainihin abu wanda, ta hanyar ci gaba da shansa, zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyar jaraba.

Yau da ci gaba da jita-jita na layi ta yanar gizo: abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da ke tattare da su, hanyoyin karfafawa da kuma hanyoyin gina jiki (2019)

Karin Bayani: Kwarewar da aka samu na dogon lokaci a fannin batsa ta yanar gizo ya haifar da fahimtar irin waɗannan mutane game da alamun da suka shafi batsa ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙaruwar sha'awa, amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo ta hanyar tilastawa a ƙarƙashin abubuwa biyu na jaraba da rashin aiki. Jin daɗin da ake samu daga gare ta yana ƙara raguwa, don haka ana buƙatar ƙarin batsa ta yanar gizo don kiyaye yanayin motsin rai na baya da kuma zama jaraba.

Ka'idoji, kariya, da kuma lura da rikicewar amfani da batsa (2019)

Karin Bayani: An haɗa matsalar halayen jima'i na tilastawa, gami da amfani da batsa mai matsala, a cikin ICD-11 a matsayin matsalar sarrafa motsin rai. Duk da haka, ka'idojin ganewar wannan cuta sun yi kama da ka'idojin cututtuka saboda halayen jaraba… La'akari da ka'idoji da shaidun gwaji sun nuna cewa hanyoyin tunani da na jijiyoyi da ke tattare da cututtukan jaraba suma suna da inganci ga matsalar amfani da batsa.

Cutar jarabawar ta yanar gizo: taƙaitaccen bayanin ci gaba da lura da sabuwar cuta da ta kunno kai (2020)

Karin Bayani: Shaye-shaye na jima'i ba tare da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka shafi jima'i ba ne wanda ya shafi ayyukan jima'i ta yanar gizo a intanet. A zamanin yau, ana samun nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban da suka shafi jima'i ko batsa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na intanet cikin sauƙi. A Indonesia, yawanci ana ɗaukar jima'i haramun ne amma yawancin matasa sun fuskanci batsa. Yana iya haifar da jaraba mai illa da yawa ga masu amfani, kamar dangantaka, kuɗi, da matsalolin tabin hankali kamar manyan damuwa da rikice-rikicen damuwa.

Wadanne Yanayi Yakamata a asauka a matsayin Cutar a Rarraba ofasashen Duniya na Cututtuka (ICD-11) Tsara “Sauran Cutar da Aka keɓance Saboda Halin Jaraba”? (2020)

Karin Bayani: Bayanai daga nazarin rahotannin kai, halaye, electrophysiological, da neuroimaging sun nuna shiga cikin hanyoyin tunani da alaƙar jijiyoyi waɗanda aka bincika kuma aka tabbatar zuwa matakai daban-daban don rikice-rikicen amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da rikice-rikicen caca/wasanni (ma'auni na 3). Abubuwan da aka saba gani a cikin binciken da suka gabata sun haɗa da amsawar alama da sha'awa tare da ƙaruwar aiki a cikin sassan kwakwalwa da suka shafi lada, son zuciya, yanke shawara mara kyau, da kuma sarrafa hanawa (takamaiman motsawa).

Yanayin Addabi'a na Haɗarin halayen Jima'i da Matsalar Matsalar Lantarki ta Lantarki: Nazari (2020)

Karin Bayani: Binciken da ake da shi ya nuna cewa akwai fasaloli da dama na CSBD da POPU waɗanda suka yi daidai da halayen jaraba, kuma cewa tsoma baki da ke taimakawa wajen niyya ga jarabar ɗabi'a da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don daidaitawa da amfani da su wajen tallafawa mutane masu fama da CSBD da POPU…. Ilimin halittar POPU da CSBD ya ƙunshi wasu alaƙar neuroanatomical da aka haɗa tare da rikice-rikicen amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, hanyoyin neuropsychological iri ɗaya, da kuma canje-canje na neurophysiological gama gari a cikin tsarin lada na dopamine.

Dysfunctional halayen jima'i: ma'anar, yanayin asibiti, bayanan neurobiological da jiyya (2020)

Karin Bayani: Jarabawar batsa, kodayake ta bambanta da jarabar jima'i a fannin jijiyoyi, har yanzu wani nau'i ne na jarabar ɗabi'a…. Dakatar da jarabar batsa kwatsam yana haifar da mummunan tasiri a cikin yanayi, farin ciki, da gamsuwa ta dangantaka da jima'i…. Yawan amfani da batsa yana sauƙaƙa farawar rikice-rikicen psychosocial da matsalolin dangantaka…

Menene ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin ƙa'idodin rikicewar halayen halayen jima'i? (2020)

Karin Bayani: Rarraba CSBD a matsayin matsalar sarrafa motsin rai shi ma ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi. … Ƙarin bincike na iya taimakawa wajen inganta rarrabuwa mafi dacewa ta CSBD kamar yadda ya faru da matsalar caca, wanda aka sake rarrabawa daga nau'in matsalolin sarrafa motsin rai zuwa jarabar da ba ta da wani abu ko halayyar ɗabi'a a cikin DSM-5 da ICD-11. … sha'awar jima'i ba za ta iya ba da gudummawa sosai ga amfani da batsa mai matsala kamar yadda wasu suka gabatar ba ( Bőthe et al., 2019 ).

Yanke Shawara a cikin Cutar Caca, Amfani da Batsa mai Matsala, da Cutar Cin Binge: Kamance da Bambanci (2021)

Karin Bayani: An bayyana kamanceceniya tsakanin CSBD da jaraba, da kuma rashin iko, ci gaba da amfani da shi duk da mummunan sakamako, da kuma sha'awar shiga cikin yanke shawara masu haɗari na iya zama siffofi daban-daban ( 37 ••, 40 ). Mutanen da ke da waɗannan cututtuka galibi suna nuna rashin iko na fahimta da kuma yanke shawara mara kyau [ 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. An gano gazawa a cikin hanyoyin yanke shawara da kuma koyo da aka tsara bisa manufa a cikin cututtuka da yawa.

Hanyoyin haɓakawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da amfani da batsa ta batsa (PPU): Bincike na yau da kullun game da gwajin gwaji (2021)

Karin Bayani: A cikin takardar da muke da ita a yanzu, muna yin bita da tattara shaidun da aka samo daga bincike 21 da ke binciken hanyoyin fahimta da ke ƙarƙashin PPU. A takaice, PPU tana da alaƙa da: (a) nuna son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ta jima'i, (b) ƙarancin ikon hana motsi (musamman, ga matsalolin hana amsawar motsi da kuma kawar da hankali daga abubuwan da ba su dace ba), (c) mummunan aiki a cikin ayyukan tantance ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, da (d) nakasa yanke shawara.

Tarin bincike

Binciken da aka yi a sama, dubawa da sharhinsa ana goyan bayan gogaggen bincike da yawa wanda ya samo:

Cikin waɗannan maganganu da halayen sunadarai sunyi musayar ra'ayoyinsu da kuma hanyoyin da suke ciki.
Lokacin da dabbobi da mutane ke nuna alamun, halaye da kuma bayyanar cututtuka na buri, kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwar da take daidai.
Canje-canje masu dangantaka da jaraba (duka halayyar da sinadarai) ke jawo su tarawa na DeltaFosB.
Wannan duka bincike na kwakwalwa An yi haka a yanzu Intanit yanar gizo (wasu daga cikinsu ya haɗa da amfani da batsa) ya nuna cewa irin nau'in kwakwalwa yana canzawa kamar yadda aka gani a cikin magunguna.
Wannan jita-jitar yanar-gizon da yin amfani da batsa suna da nuna dalilin na daban-daban bayyanar cututtuka da kwakwalwa canza.
Akwai tallafi mai yawa don ganewar asali kamar yadda ICD-11 ke yi ya ƙunshi sabon ganewar asali dace da duka batsa da jima'i: "Harkokin Rashin Jima'i na Jima'i. "

A ƙarshe, sama da bincike 110 sun ba da rahoton alaƙa tsakanin amfani da batsa ko jarabar batsa da rashin aikin jima'i, ƙarancin sha'awa, da rashin gamsuwar jima'i da dangantaka. Fiye da bincike 60 sun ba da rahoton sakamakon da ya dace da ƙaruwar amfani da batsa (juriya), al'ada ga batsa, har ma da alamun janyewa (duk alamu da alamun da ke da alaƙa da jaraba). Kuma sama da bincike 90 sun danganta amfani da batsa da rashin lafiyar hankali da ta hankali da kuma mummunan sakamako na fahimta.

Yaya game da karatun da ke lalata lalata batsa? (da "yaƙe-yaƙe na batsa")

Babu wani, gami da wannan “wasiƙar zuwa ga edita”A cikin wata mujallar ilimi. Wataƙila kun karanta labarin da ke bayanin karatun da ke da'awar gurɓata jarabar batsa. Duba baya da kanun labarai kuma ina tabbatar muku zaku sami ɗayan waɗannan takardu guda uku, da kuma PhD guda biyu da ke kan gaba:

Nicole Prause ita ce babbar marubuciya a kan nazarin 1 da 2, kuma ita ce marubuciya ta biyu a kan takarda ta 3. Sabanin ikirarin marubutan, nazarin ɗaya da biyu a zahiri suna ba da goyon baya ga tsarin jarabar batsa. Wannan shafin ya ƙunshi nazarin YBOP tare da sharhi shida da takwarorinsu suka yi nazari a kansu na nazarin #1. Wannan shafin ya ƙunshi nazarin YBOP tare da nazarin binciken #2 da takwarorinsu suka yi nazari a kansu. Duk binciken da takwarorinsu suka yi nazari a kansu sun yi daidai da sukar YBOP. A cikin wannan gabatarwar ta 2018, Gary Wilson ya fallasa gaskiyar da ke bayan bincike 5 masu tambaya da ruɗani. Sun haɗa da nazarin EEG guda biyu na Nicole Prause ( Steele et al. , 2013 da Prause et al. , 2015): Binciken Batsa: Gaskiya ko Almara?

Nicole Farko

Me ke faruwa a nan? Nicole Prause tsohuwar ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi wacce ta daɗe tana fafutukar cin zarafin marubuta, masu bincike, masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, 'yan jarida da sauran waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin bayar da rahoton illolin da amfani da batsa ta intanet ke haifarwa. Da alama tana da sha'awar masana'antar batsa , kamar yadda za a iya gani daga wannan hotonta (daga dama) a kan jan kafet na bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) . (A cewar Wikipedia, " Kungiyar Masu Sukar X-Rated ta Amurka ce ke ba da kyaututtukan XRCO kowace shekara ga mutanen da ke aiki a nishaɗin manya kuma ita ce kawai kyautar masana'antar manya da aka keɓe musamman ga membobin masana'antu. ^[1] ").

Haka kuma da alama Prause ta sami masu yin wasan batsa a matsayin waɗanda suka yi fice ta hanyar wata ƙungiyar masu sha'awar masana'antar batsa, Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Magana (don ƙarin bayani duba: Shin Masana'antar Batsa Ta Shafi Nicole Prause? ). An yi zargin cewa an yi amfani da waɗanda FSC ta samu a cikin bincikenta na bindiga kan shirin "Binciken Orgasmic" mai cike da gurɓatawa da kasuwanci (wanda FBI ke bincikensa yanzu ).

Nicole Prause, bisa ga yarda da kanta, ta ƙi amincewa da ra'ayin jarabar batsa. Misali, wani kalami daga wani labarin Martin Daubney game da jarabar jima'i/batsa:

Dr. Nicole Prause, babban mai bincike a Dakin Gwaji na Ilimin Jima'i da Ilimin Jiki (Span) da ke Los Angeles, ta kira kanta " ƙwararriyar mai karyata jarabar jima'i".

Nicole Prause a shafin Twitter

Bugu da ƙari, tsohon taken da Nicole Prause ta yi a shafin Twitter ya nuna cewa ba ta da son kai da ake buƙata don binciken kimiyya:

"Nazarin dalilin da yasa mutane suka zaɓi shiga cikin halayen jima'i ba tare da yin amfani da jaraba ba "

A watan Oktoba, 2015, asusun Twitter na Prause na asali an dakatar da shi har abada saboda cin zarafi . Wannan bai rage mata gwiwa ba. Don tallafawa masana'antar batsa , Prause ta ƙirƙiri aƙalla gidajen yanar gizo guda biyu tare da asusun twitter: (1) 2016 - PornHelps," wanda ke da asusun Twitter nata (@pornhelps), (2) 2019 - gidan yanar gizon RealYBOP na Twitter da RealYBOP.

Ya kamata a sani cewa Nicole Prause ta miƙa (ƙwararriyar) ƙwararriyar 'ƙwararren' ta akan “jarabar jima'i”.

Kamar dai Prause tana siyar da ayyukanta ne don samun ribar Ubangiji da'awa Maganin EEG na biyu na jarabacin ta'addanci na karshe (1, 2), dukda cewa ra'ayoyin da aka yiwa bita da kulli sunce duka karatuttukan sun goyi bayan samfurin jaraba (Steele et al., 2013: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Yi amfani da al al., 2015: 1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.).

Nicole Prause da David Ley suna aiki tare

Game da takarda ta uku ( Ley et al. , 2014 ) ba bincike ba ne. Madadin haka, yana da'awar cewa "bita ne na wallafe-wallafe" kan jarabar batsa da tasirin batsa. Babu abin da zai iya zama nesa da gaskiya. Babban marubucin, David Ley, shine marubucin The Myth of Sex Addiction. Nicole Prause ita ce marubuciya ta biyu. Ley & Prause ba wai kawai sun haɗu don rubuta takarda ta 3 ba, sun kuma haɗu don rubuta rubutun blog na Psychology Today game da takarda ta 1. Rubutun blog ɗin ya bayyana watanni 5 kafin a buga takardar Prause a hukumance (don haka babu wanda zai iya musantawa). Wataƙila kun ga rubutun blog na Ley tare da taken mai ban sha'awa: " Kwakwalwarku akan Batsa - BA Tsokaci bane ." Kara karantawa game da Ley da Prause da haɗin gwiwarsu a nan.

Ga wani dogon bincike na takarda #3, wanda ke tafiya a layi-layi, yana nuna duk abubuwan ban mamaki da Ley & Prause suka haɗa a cikin "bita" ɗinsu: The Emperor Has No Clothes: A Fractured Talery Posing As A Review. Ya wargaza abin da ake kira bita gaba ɗaya, kuma ya tattara bayanai da dama game da binciken da suka ambata. Mafi ban mamaki na bita na Ley shine cewa ya kawar da duk wani bincike da ya ba da rahoton mummunan tasirin da ya shafi amfani da batsa ko kuma ya sami jarabar batsa! Haka ne, kun karanta hakan daidai.

Duk da cewa suna da'awar rubuta wani bita na "manufar", waɗannan masana ilimin jima'i guda biyu sun ba da hujjar barin ɗaruruwan bincike. Sun bar su saboda dalilan cewa waɗannan nazarin alaƙa ne. Ka yi tunanin me? Kusan duk nazarin batsa suna da alaƙa. Akwai, kuma kusan za su kasance, nazarin alaƙa ne kawai. Masu bincike ba su da hanyar samun "budurwai na batsa" ko kuma su hana mutane yin batsa na dogon lokaci don kwatanta tasirin. Duk da haka, dubban maza suna daina yin batsa da son rai a kan dandamali daban-daban. Sakamakon bincikensu ya nuna cewa cire batsa ta intanet shine babban abin da ke cikin alamun su da murmurewa.

Yawancin rikice-rikice masu ban sha'awa (ciki har da haɗin gwiwa tare da xHamster)

David Ley ya musanta sha'awar jima'i da batsa. Ya rubuta rubuce-rubuce kusan 30 a shafin yanar gizo yana kai hari kan dandalin tattaunawa kan batsa, kuma yana watsi da sha'awar batsa da ED da batsa ke haifarwa. A cikin wani rikicin kuɗi mai ban mamaki, David Ley yana samun diyya daga babban kamfanin masana'antar batsa X-hamster don tallata gidajen yanar gizon su da kuma shawo kan masu amfani da su cewa sha'awar batsa da jarabar jima'i tatsuniya ne! Musamman ma, David Ley da sabuwar ƙungiyar Lafiyar Jima'i (SHA) sun haɗu da wani gidan yanar gizo na X-Hamster (Strip-Chat). Duba "Stripchat ya haɗu da ƙungiyar Lafiyar Jima'i don ya shafa kwakwalwarka mai cike da damuwa game da batsa ":

Biya masanin masana'antar batsa

Sabuwar kwamitin ba da shawara kan Lafiyar Jima'i (SHA) ya haɗa da David Ley da wasu ƙwararrun masana biyu na RealYourBrainOnPorn.com (Justin Lehmiller & Chris Donahue). RealYBOP ƙungiya ce ta masu goyon bayan batsa a fili , waɗanda suka kira kansu "ƙwararru" waɗanda Nicole Prause ke jagoranta . Wannan rukunin a halin yanzu yana cikin keta haƙƙin alamar kasuwanci da kuma tsugunar da kai ga halaltacciyar YBOP. A taƙaice, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin hana YBOP yin magana ana biyan su daga masana'antar batsa don tallata kasuwancinsu, da kuma tabbatar wa masu amfani cewa shafukan batsa da kyamara ba sa haifar da matsala (lura: Nicole Prause tana da kusanci da jama'a ga masana'antar batsa kamar yadda aka rubuta sosai a wannan shafin ).

A cikin wannan labarin , Ley ya yi watsi da tallan da ya yi wa masana'antar batsa:

Hakika, ƙwararrun likitocin jima'i da ke haɗin gwiwa kai tsaye da dandamalin batsa na kasuwanci suna fuskantar wasu ƙalubale, musamman ga waɗanda ke son gabatar da kansu a matsayin marasa son kai. "Ina tsammanin [masu fafutukar yaƙi da batsa] za su yi ihu, 'Kai, duba, gani, David Ley yana aiki don batsa,'" in ji Ley, wanda ake yawan ambaton sunansa da raini a cikin al'ummomin hana al'aura kamar NoFap.

Amma ko da aikinsa tare da Stripchat babu shakka zai samar da abinci ga duk wanda ke ɗokin rubuta shi a matsayin son kai ko kuma a aljihun ɗakin batsa, don Ley, cewa cinikin ciniki ya cancanci hakan. "Idan muna son taimakawa [masu sayen batsa], dole ne mu je wurinsu," in ji shi. "Kuma wannan shi ne yadda muke yin hakan."

Shin kai mai son zuciya ne? Ley ya tunatar da mu shahararrun likitocin taba , da kuma ƙungiyar kula da lafiyar jima'i, wato Cibiyar Taba.

An biya shi don cinikin batsa da jarabar jima'i

Bugu da ƙari, ana biyan David Ley don ya musanta jarabar batsa da jima'i. A ƙarshen wannan rubutun blog na Psychology Today Ley ya ce:

"Bayyanar sirri: David Ley ya bayar da shaida a shari'oin da suka shafi da'awar jima'i."

A shekarar 2019, sabon gidan yanar gizon David Ley ya bayar da ayyukansa na "rangwame" masu kyau :

David J. Ley, Ph.D., ƙwararren masanin ilimin halin ƙwaƙwalwa ne kuma mai ba da izini na mai kula da ilimin jima'i, tushen a Albuquerque, NM. Ya bayar da shaidar kwararru da kuma shaidar zur a cikin lamura da yawa a Amurka. Dr. Ley an ɗauke shi ƙwararren masani ne kan jita-jita game da jarabar jima'i. Anyi masa ishara a matsayin kwararren mai shaida akan wannan batun. Ya ba da shaida a kotunan jihohi da tarayya.

Tuntuɓi shi don samun jadawalin kuɗin kuɗinku kuma shirya alƙawari don tattauna sha'awa.

Pornhub da David Ley

Ley kuma yana samun riba daga sayar da littattafai guda biyu da ke musanta jarabar jima'i da batsa. Waɗannan su ne " Tatsuniya ta jarabar jima'i ," (2012) da " Labarin Batsa na Ɗabi'a ga Dicks, " (2016). Pornhub, mallakar kamfanin batsa na MindGeek, yana ɗaya daga cikin takardun tallafi guda biyar da aka jera a cikin littafin Ley na 2016:

Lura: PornHub shine asusun Twitter na biyu da ya sake wallafa sakon farko na RealYBOP wanda ke sanar da gidan yanar gizon "ƙwararre", yana nuna cewa an yi aiki tare tsakanin PornHub da ƙwararrun RealYBOP . Kai!

A ƙarshe, David Ley yana samun kuɗi ta hanyar tarurrukan CEU , inda yake tallata akidar masu musanta jaraba da aka bayyana a cikin littattafansa guda biyu (wanda ba ya yin watsi da ɗaruruwan bincike da mahimmancin sabon binciken Cutar Halayyar Jima'i ta Tilas a cikin littafin bincike na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya). An rama Ley saboda jawabansa da yawa waɗanda ke nuna ra'ayoyinsa na son zuciya game da batsa. A cikin wannan gabatarwar ta 2019, Ley ya bayyana yana goyon baya da haɓaka amfani da batsa na matasa: Haɓaka Kyakkyawan Jima'i da Amfani da Batsa Mai Alhaki a Matasa.

Wannan dai shine kawai ƙarshen littafin Prause da Ley iceberg . Hukuncin kotu ya fallasa Nicole Prause a matsayin mai laifin, ba wanda aka azabtar ba.

Domin samun cikakken bayani game da karyata kimiyya ta masu suka, kalli bidiyon Gabe Deem: TALAUTAR BATSA - Gaskiyar da ke Bayan Shaye-shaye da Matsalolin Jima'i.

Intanit yanar gizo na jaraba ba jima'i buri

Rashin jima'i yana buƙatar mutane na gaske; jarabar batsa na buƙatar allo da haɗin Intanet. Yawancin guysan matan da muke gani sun fara akan batsa ta intanet tun kafin jima'i. Su ne samari waɗanda suka sake yin jima'i ga matansu don danna, bincika, voyeurism, shafuka da yawa, HD streaming hardcore. Wannan ya dade kafin sumbatar su ta farko. Shin wannan yana kama da jarabar Tiger Woods-esque? A'a.

Saboda haka, duk wata muhawara kan jarabar batsa ya kamata ta kawar da duk wani ambaton jarabar jima'i. Bai kamata ya zama game da yadda ake nuna rashin lafiya ga "halayen maza na yau da kullun" ba. Yaushe ne halayen jima'i na yau da kullun suka rikide suka zama kallon allo? Yaushe ya zama yin lalata da hannunka mara rinjaye yayin da kake dannawa ta cikin yanayi bayan yanayi, kana neman "wanda za ka kammala"? Kalli wani jawabi mai kyau da aka bayar a taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Lafiyar Jima'i ta 2015 : Jarabawar Batsa BA Jarabawar Jima'i Ba ce.

Shin al'aura zai iya taka rawa a wannan buri?

Ba shakka, amma ba a buƙatar yin al'aura ba. Duk da haka, yawan fitar maniyyi a cikin dabbobi yana haifar da canje-canje da yawa a kwakwalwa wanda ke hana dopamine, don haka sha'awar jima'i, na tsawon kwanaki da yawa . A cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, gamsuwar jima'i (wanda aka bayyana daban-daban ga kowane nau'in) yana haifar da maza su daina yin jima'i. Masu amfani da batsa masu gamsuwa da jima'i na iya shawo kan waɗannan hanyoyin hanawa ta hanyar haɓaka zuwa batsa mafi muni, ko ɓatar da ƙarin lokaci suna kallo. Duka dopamine guda biyu. Tura siginar "Na gama" na iya haifar da tarin DeltaFosB. Tabbas, cin abinci zuwa kiba yana haifar da tarin DeltaFosB. Duk da haka, ba tare da jan hankalin batsa ta intanet ba, maza nawa ne kawai za su huta? Mafi mahimmanci. Don ƙarin bayani, duba Shin Yawan Fitar maniyyi Yana Hana Haihuwa?

Lura: Muhawara da yawa game da jarabar batsa (wayewa ko tasirinsa) da na gani sun koma muhawara game da al'aura . Wannan ba shi da ma'ana kuma yana ɓata tattaunawar gaba ɗaya. YBOP tana damuwa ne kawai da amfani da batsa ta intanet, ba riba, rashin amfani, ko yawan al'aura ba.

Yawancin alamu, daya dalili: Kwayoyin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa

Kamar yadda na 2016, fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin dari na masu amfani da batsa da aka bincika suna nuna alamun matsala na amfani da batsa. A cikin binciken daya, (27.6%) na babban samfurin Faransanci da aka yi nazari akan yadda suke amfani da OSA a matsayin matsala. A cikin Yale binciken na mutanen 1298 da suka kalli hotunan batsa a cikin watanni 6 da suka gabata, kashi 28% sun ci nasara a sama ko sama da cutoff ɗin matsalar lalatawar mata. Don haka, karara karara suna bayyana a cikin masu amfani da batsa na yau. Koyaya, mutane sun zo nan tare da yawancin alamomi daban-daban. Ba koyaushe bane tabbata bayyanar cututtuka suna faruwa ne saboda yawan amfani da su na batsa.

Bayyanar cututtuka

Rikicewa abu ne mai wuyar fahimta saboda alamun amfani da batsa fiye da kima sun sha bamban:

Dama game da ƙarawa zuwa mafi matsanancin batsa
Difficulty rike rijiyar yayin da yake saka kwakwalwa
Yanayin da aka jinkirta
Rashin sha'awar jima'i
Ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwa (iya samun shi don batsa, amma ba abokan tarayya ba)
Masturbation m, kadan gamsuwa
Ba a sani ba, damuwa zamantakewar al'umma or rashin amincewa
Growing erectile tabarbarewa, har ma tare da matsanancin batsa.
Morphing batsa ya dandana haka bai dace da yanayin jima'i ba (Har ila yau jawowa HOCD)
Rashin mayar da hankali, matsananci rashin natsuwa
Dama, tashin hankali, kwakwalwa ƙwaro

Akwai kyakkyawan dalili na yarda cewa waɗannan alamun na iya tasowa sau da yawa daga canje-canjen kwakwalwa da suka shafi jaraba. Tsarin lada ya ƙunshi tsarin da ke shafar motsin rai, yanayi, da aikin fahimta. Hakanan yana da tsari don amsawar damuwa, tsarin juyayi mai zaman kansa, da tsarin endocrine. Misali, yawancin koke-koken da ke sama kamar damuwa ta zamantakewa , baƙin ciki , ƙarancin kwarin gwiwa , ED , da matsalolin taro , an danganta su da ƙarancin dopamine da ƙarancin ko canza masu karɓar D2 . Don ilimin halittar jijiyoyi na fa'idodi da yawa da tsoffin masu amfani da batsa ke fuskanta, duba Batsa, Masturbation da Mojo: Ra'ayin Neuroscience.

"Sake kunnawa"

Idan amfani da batsa na yau da kullun shine tushen alamun ku , kuna buƙatar dawo da yanayin lada . Kuna buƙatar raunana hanyoyin jaraba masu hankali, da ƙarfafa ikon zartarwa . Maza a cikin dandalin tattaunawa na murmurewa na batsa suna kiran wannan tsari " sake kunnawa ." Hanya mafi kyau don sake kunnawa ita ce ba wa kwakwalwarku hutawa daga duk wani ƙarfin motsa jiki na wucin gadi - gami da batsa, yin mafarki game da batsa , ɗakunan hira, labaran batsa, lilo hotuna - har sai ya dawo ga amsawar al'ada.

Waɗanda suka kamu da jarabar batsa sau da yawa suna ganin tsarin sake farawa yana da sauƙi da sauri lokacin da suka rage ko kawar da masturbation sosai. Wannan kauracewa daga masturbation da inzali ba salon rayuwa bane; hanya ce ta wucin gadi don zurfafa murmurewa da rage komawa zuwa batsa. Babu shakka, wannan tsari da farko yana da matukar wahala . Kwakwalwa ba za ta iya dogara da "gyaran" dopamine (da sauran sinadarai masu jijiyoyi) da ke da alaƙa da amfani da batsa mai yawa ba.

Baya ga rage saurin kamuwa da cutar, amfani da batsa yana ƙarfafa haɗin jijiyoyi wanda ke haɗa sauƙi na ɗan gajeren lokaci na batsa ta intanet tare da duk wani abin da ke haifar da kwakwalwarka da ke da alaƙa da batsa ( hankali ). Abubuwan da ke haifar da su kamar kasancewa a gida kai kaɗai, hotuna masu ban sha'awa, ko damuwa da damuwa, na iya kunna lalatawar batsa ta kwakwalwarka . Hanya ɗaya tilo da za a iya raunana waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin kai na tunani ita ce a daina amfani da (ƙarfafa) wannan hanyar kwakwalwa, sannan a nemi maganin yanayinka a wani wuri . Kawar da batsa da almarar batsa yana haifar da "rashin waya" da kuma raunana hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da sha'awa.

Sakewa ga mutane na gaske

Sauran rabin aikin sake sakewar ya ƙunshi ba da lokaci tare da ainihin abokan aure. Saduwa mai ƙoshin lafiya yana da lafiya ga duka abokan biyu kuma yana iya taimaka muku sake sanya sha'awar ku ga mutanen gaske. Yaushe za a yi jima'i? Bayan lokaci-lokaci (tsawonsa ya bambanta dangane da yanayin mutum), wasu mutane sun gano cewa sake dawowa da jima'i tare da abokin tarayya na ainihi yana da matukar taimako, muddin su (da abokan su) ba sa ƙoƙarin tilasta maniyyi har sai faruwa ta halitta.

Kawar da amfani da batsa sau da yawa yana ƙarfafa ikon zartarwa, wanda ke zaune a cikin kwakwalwarka ta gaba (a bayan goshinka). Kimanta haɗari, yin tsare-tsare masu nisa, da kuma sarrafa motsin rai suna ƙarƙashin ikon cortex na gaba. Kalmar hypofrontality galibi ana amfani da ita lokacin da ake kwatanta yadda jaraba ke raunana da kuma hana waɗannan da'irorin sarrafa kai. Yana ɗaukar lokaci, da daidaito, don dawo da waɗannan da'irorin zuwa cikakken tsari.

Ka tuna: 'Yancin ka ya ta'allaka ne wajen daidaita kwakwalwar ka. Sannan zaku iya zaɓar ko za ku kunna hanyarku ta batsa ko kuma wata hanyar da take samar da sakamakon da kuka fi so. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, sake kunnawa baya tabbatar da cewa za ku iya amfani da batsa na intanet a gaba. Thewaƙwalwar ɗan adam ta kasance mai saukin kamuwa da karkacewa daga yawancin abin da ke motsa shi. Brainwaƙwalwarka tana da hanyar batsa mai fa'ida, wanda za'a iya sake kunna shi koyaushe.

Mutane da yawa sun daina amfani da batsa kuma sun dawo da rayuwarsu . Kai ma za ka iya.

Don ƙarin fahimtar zurfin ilimin kimiyya game da jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo, karanta waɗannan labaran a jere:

Abin da ke shafe magunguna: 300 Vaginas = A Lissafin Ƙarya: Ana iya sauke mu ta hanyar sifa mafi girma na dabi'a
Hotuna, Tarihi da kuma Kasuwancin Coolidge: Ba tare da Coolidge Effect ba zai zama wani batsa na yanar gizo ba
Porn to, Yanzu: Barka da zuwa Ƙungiyar Brain: "Shin mu ne ƙarni na farko da muka fara al'ada a hannun hagu?"
Me yasa Bai kamata Johnny Watch Porn Idan Ya Ya so?: Kwararrun kwakwalwar kwakwalwa - musamman a lokacin samari
Me yasa zan iya samun karin littafi da yawa fiye da abokin tarayya?: Neuroscience ya nuna yadda internet batsa iya trump ainihin jima'i
Shin jarabar jima'i ba za ta iya wucewa ba ?: Lokaci ya yi da za a rarrabe 'yanayin jima'i' daga abin da ke juyawa 'dandano na jima'i'
Za ku iya dogara ga Johnson?: Shin, bane na yanar gizo ya sa namiji ya zama filastik?
Binciken Intanit na Intanit na Intanit Yarda da Porn: Binciken jarrabawa akan shafukan yanar gizo na asibiti a cikin guda daya
Porn, Pseudoscience da DeltaFosB (2013): Shin za ku iya ganin wadannan abubuwan da ake kira 5 game da buri na batsa?
Sauran Sauran Zama: Menene ƙungiyoyi masu kula da batutuwa na tsofaffin masu amfani da batsa suka nuna mana?
Porn, Masturbation da Mojo: Hanyoyin Neuroscience: Masu amfani da fina-finai suna sa su dawowa. Me ya sa?
Abokan Abokai Masu Bukata Suna Bukata Dogaro Don Sauke Mojo: Shin batsa mai sauri ya yi amfani da sake yin amfani da jima'i?
Batsa na Batsa Ba Cinwancin Jima'i bane-Kuma Me yasa yake da Matsala
Rubuta Litattafanku: Kasuwanci Sake Sanya Sakamakon Ƙarƙwarar Jima'i: Societyungiyar (asar Amirka ta Magungunan Magungunan Yara ta sake share su sabon ma'anar buri kuma FAQ's.