Imicabango Yengcolile (2018)

Leli khasi lihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili:

I-1) Izifundo ezinikezela ukusekela umlutha wezocansi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi, kanye nemiphumela emibi eminingi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi.
2) Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ezingabazekayo nezidukisayo; izingcezu ze-debunking ze-propaganda

ISIQEPHU 1: Ukusekelwa kokulutha kwezocansi, ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi okubangelwa ucansi, kanye nemiphumela emibi eminingi ehambisana nokusetshenziswa kocansi.

Ukulungiselela kwamaphuzu wobufakazi endaweni eyodwa kuphela:

Okokuqala sinezinhlu zezifundo ezinikeza ukusekelwa kwezicelo ezenziwe yi-YBOP. (Bheka Izifundo Ezingabazekayo Nezidukisayo kumaphepha aphakanyisiwe kakhulu akusilo athi azikho.):

  1. Ukulutha kobulili / ucansi? Leli khasi libala Ucwaningo lwe-42 lwe-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, i-hormonal). Banikeza ukusekela okuqinile ngesimodeli sokulutha kwezidakamizwa njengoba iziphumo zabo zibuyisa ukutholakala kwezinzwa ezibikiwe ezifundweni zokulutha izidakamizwa.
  2. Imibono yangempela yezobuchwepheshe ekubhekaneni nocansi / ucansi? Lolu hlu luqukethe Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezingama-21 zakamuva nezincazelo ngezinye zezazi eziphezulu zezinzwa emhlabeni. Bonke basekela imodeli yokulutha.
  3. Izimpawu zokulutha umlutha nokukhula kwezinto ezimbi kakhulu? Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-35 ezibika okutholakele zihambisana nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kocansi (ukubekezela), ukujwayela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ngisho nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa (zonke izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutha).
  4. Ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni? Umbhalo wezokwelapha wezokwelapha osetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, I-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), iqukethe ukuxilongwa okusha efanelekile ukulutha izidakamizwa: "Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi. "
  5. Ukubheka iphuzu lokukhuluma elingasekelwa ukuthi "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme" sichaza ukulahla ucansi noma ukulutha ngokobulili: Okungenani izifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa isimangalo sokuthi ubulili nemilutha ye-porn "banesifiso esiphakeme sobulili"
  6. Izinkinga zobulili nezinkinga zobulili? Lolu hlu luqukethe izifundo ze-30 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn / ukubheja kocansi ezinkingeni zobulili kanye nokuvusa okuncane ezenzweni zobulili. The Ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-6 ohlwini lubonisa ibangela, njengoba abahlanganyeli beqede ukusetshenziswa kwezingcolile kanye nokuphulukisa okungavamile kocansi.
  7. Imiphumela yocansi ebuhlotsheni? Izixhumanisi ezingaphezu kwe-60 zixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kuya ekungeneni kocansi nokuzaneliseka komndeni. Njengoba sisazi konke Izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zabika ukusetshenziswa okuningi kocansi okuxhunyiwe abampofu ukwaneliseka ngokobulili noma ngokobudlelwano.
  8. Ukusebenzisa i-Porn kuthinta impilo engokomzwelo nengqondo? Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-60 zixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nezimpofu ezingokwengqondo-ezingokomzwelo nemiphumela empofu yokuqonda.
  9. Ukusebenzisa i-Porn kuthinta izinkolelo, isimo sengqondo nokuziphatha? Hlola izifundo ngabanye - ngaphezu kokuqukethwe kwe-25 ukuxilongwa kwe-porn ukuze "isimo sengqondo esingafani" kubesifazane kanye nokubukwa kobulili - noma isifinyeto kusuka kulolu cwaningo lwe-2016 meta: Imidiya nezocansi: Umbuso woPhando lwezobuciko, i-1995-2015. Umbhalo:

Umgomo walokhu kubuyekezwa kwakungenxa yokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola uphenyo wemiphumela yokuhlolisisa imidiya. Okugxile ekucwaningweni okushicilelwe ezincwadini zamaphephandaba ezibukezwa kontanga, phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015. Isamba sezincwadi ze-109 eziqukethe izifundo ze-135 zibuyekezwe. Ukutholakala kwahlinzeka ngokufakazela okuphelele ukuthi kokubili ukuvezwa kwelabhoratri kanye nokwehliswa kwansuku zonke, okuqukethwe kwansuku zonke kulokhu okuqukethwe kuhambisana ngqo nemiphumela eminingi, kufaka phakathi amazinga aphezulu okunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzethemba okukhulu, ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezinkolelo zobulili kanye nezinkolelo zobulili ezingathandeki, futhi ukubekezelela okukhulu kobudlova ngokocansi kubesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa kokuhlolwa kwalokhu okuqukethwe kuholela kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa ukuba babe nombono owehlisiwe wokufaneleka kwamakhosikazi, ukuziphatha nokubambisana kwabantu.

  1. Kuthiwani ngokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili nokusetshenziswa kocansi? Okunye ukuhlaziywa kwemeta: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemifanekiso Yezingcolile zobulili kanye Nemisebenzi Yezenzo Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili Ezingxoxweni Ezivamile Zabantu (2015). Umbhalo:

Ucwaningo lwe-22 oluvela emazweni ahlukene we-7 luhlaziywe. Ukusetshenziswa kwakuhlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili e-United States nakwamanye amazwe, phakathi kwamadoda nabesilisa, nasemifundweni engezansi kanye neyesikhathi eside. Izinhlangano zaziqinisile kunomlomo ngaphezu kokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, nakuba zombili zazibalulekile. Iphethini elijwayelekile lemiphumela lisikisela ukuthi okuqukethwe okubudlova kungase kube yinto ekhudlwana.

"Kodwa isenzo sokudlwengula asizange sisebenzise izinga lokudlwengula?" Cha, izinga lokudlwengula liye landa eminyakeni yamuva: "Izinga lokudlwengula liyakhula, ngakho-ke ungayinaki inkulumo ye-porn-pro. "

  1. Kuthiwani ngokusetshenziswa kocansi kanye nentsha? Hlola lolu hlu ngaphezulu kwezinguquko ze-230 kwentsha, noma lokhu kubuyekezwa kwe-2012 yocwaningo - Umthelela Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Intanethi Kubantwana Abasha: Ukubukezwa kocwaningo (2012). Kusuka esiphelweni:

Ukwandiswa kwe-intanethi yizingane ezisencane kudala amathuba angakaze abe khona okufundiswa ngokocansi, ukufunda nokukhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingozi yokulimala ebonakalayo kulezi zincwadi iye yaholela abacwaningi ukuba baphenye ukuvezwa kwentsha ezithombeni ezingcolile ezenzweni zokuzama ukuhlukanisa lobu buhlobo. Ngokubambisana, lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi intsha edla izithombe ezingcolile ingathuthukisa izinkolelo nezinkolelo ezingacabangi ngokocansi. Phakathi kokufundwayo, amazinga aphezulu wemicabango yokuziphatha ngokocansi, ukukhathazeka ngokocansi, nokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kobulili kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kaningi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile .... Noma kunjalo, ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kuye kwavela ukuxhumana kokusetshenziswa kwentsha yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisemuva ezibonisa ubudlova ngezinga eliphakeme lokuziphatha kocansi. Lezi zincwadi zibonisa ukuhlangana okuphakathi kokusetshenziswa kwentsha engcolile nokuzicabangela. Amantombazane abika azizwe engaphansi kwabesifazane abakubukayo ezintweni ezingcolile zobulili, kuyilapho abafana besaba ukuthi ngeke babe njengabantu abafana nalabo abakhona kulezi zindaba. Intsha iyabika ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwabo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunciphile njengoba ukuzethemba kwabo nentuthuko yezenhlalakahle kwanda. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi intsha esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ikakhulukazi etholakala kuyi-intanethi, inezilinganiso eziphansi zokuhlanganiswa komphakathi, ukwanda kwezinkinga zokuziphatha, amazinga aphezulu okuziphatha okuhlukumezayo, izimo eziphakeme zezibonakaliso zokucindezeleka, futhi ukunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa ngokomzwelo nabanakekeli.

  1. Akuzona zonke izifundo ezihambisanayo? Nope: Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-75 ezibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi nokusetshenziswa kocansi kubangela imiphumela emibi nezimpawu, nokushintsha kobuchopho.

Okuningi ngokulutha komlutha

Ukuqonda umlutha we-porn we-inthanethi kusho ukuqonda izindlela zokulutha. Yonke imilutha iduna ama-neurocircuitry angumongo ofanayo, asebenza kuma-neurochemicals afanayo (yize umlutha ngamunye ubandakanya Eyengeziwe ama-neural circuits kanye nama-neurochemchemicals ahluke phakathi kwezidakamizwa).

Ucwaningo lwamuva luveza ukuthi izidakamizwa zokuziphatha (ukulutha kokudla, ukugembula okungokwemvelo, ukudlala ividiyo, Ukulutha kwe-intanethi futhi umlutha wezocansi) kanye nezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa zihlanganyela okuningi okufanayo izindlela eziyisisekelo okuholela ku iqoqo lezinguquko ezabiwe e-anatomy yobuchopho nakumakhemikhali.

Lokhu akumangazi njengoba izidakamizwa zingathuthukisa noma zivimbele imisebenzi ekhona yomzimba. Indlela eqondile yokusebenza kwamaselula okusebenzisa izidakamizwa ibizwa ngokuthi “indlela yokusebenza”. Zonke izidakamizwa nokuziphatha okungadala ukubanga umlutha kuhlanganyela indlela eyodwa ebalulekile yokusebenza: ukuphakama kwe-dopamine ku i-nucleus accumbens (ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi isikhungo somvuzo). Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezesayensi yakamuva, ukugxeka kokufaniswa kobulili-ukuziphatha komzimba kungenasisekelo futhi kungaphelelwa yisikhathi (futhi akukho zifundo ezingakalungi ukusikisela imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa). Ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva kwemibhalo nokuphawula kusekela ngokugcwele lesi sikhundla:

  1. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016) - Ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwezincwadi ezihlobene nezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Kubandakanya odokotela bamasosha aseMelika kanye noGary Wilson, ukubuyekezwa kunikeza imininingwane yakamuva eveza ukwanda okukhulu kwezinkinga zobusha ezisencane. Iphinde ibuyekeze izifundo ze-neurological ezihlobene nokulutha kocansi nezimo zocansi nge-inthanethi ye-porn. Odokotela bahlinzeka ngemibiko ye-3 yemitholampilo yamadoda athuthukise ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Iphepha lesibili le-2016 likaGary Wilson likhuluma ngokubaluleka kokutadisha imiphumela ye-porn ngokuba nezihloko ezigwema ukusetshenziswa kocansi: Ukuqeda i-Internet engapheliyo yezithombe ezingcolile Zisebenzise Ukuveza Imiphumela Yayo (2016).
  2. Bheka leli phepha le-2015 odokotela ababili bezokwelapha: Ukwehla kwesifo socansi njengesifo: Ubufakazi bokuHlola, ukuHlola, nokuphendula kwabaphikisi (2015), enikeza a ishadi elivela lokho kuthatha ukugxeka okuqondile nokunikeza izikhalazo eziphikisana nazo.
  3. Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezincwadi ze-neuroscience ezihlobene nezinhlobo ezincane zemilutha ye-Intanethi, kugxilwe kakhulu ekuluthweni kwezocansi kwe-inthanethi, bheka - I-neuroscience ye-Inthanethi ye-Pornography Umlutha: Ukubukeza nokuvuselelwa (2015). Lokhu kubuyekezwa kubuye kwagxekwa izifundo ezimbili zakamuva zokubamba izihloko ze-EEG ezibonisa ukuthi zinakho “ukulutha okuluhlazo lwezocansi. (Bheka leli khasi ukucubungula nokuhlaziywa kwezifundo ezinokungabaza nokudukisa)
  4. Umlutha We-Cybersex (2015) Okucaphuno: Ezihlokweni zakamuva, ukubheja kocansi lwe-inthanethi kubhekwa uhlobo oluthile lomlutha we-intanethi. Ezinye izifundo zamanje zihlolisise ukufana phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ezifana ne-Internet Gaming Disorder. Ukucubungula nokuzikhandla kubhekwa ukuthi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuluthweni kocansi lwe-inthanethi. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging lusekela ukucabangela kokubambisana okubalulekile phakathi kokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha kanye nokuthembela ngokwezinto eziphilayo.
  5. Isibuyekezo esifushane - I-Neurobiology Yokuziphatha Ngokweqhaza Ngokuya Ngokocansi: Isayensi Evelayo (2016) - okwaphetha ngokuthi: “Njengoba kunikezwe ukufana phakathi kwe-CSB kanye nokuluthwa kwezidakamizwa, ukungenelela okusebenzayo ekuluthweni kwemilutha kungabambelela kwi-CSB, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze ukuqonda kwezinkomba zocwaningo ezizayo zokuphenya lokhu kungenzeka ngqo. "
  6. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-2016 kokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) - Ingabe ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqeleka kungabhekwa njengokulutha umlutha? (I-2016) - uphethe ngokuthi: "Izici ezigqagqene zikhona phakathi kwe-CSB kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Izinhlelo ezijwayelekile ze-neurotransmitter zingaba nomthelela ku-CSB kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, futhi ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-neuroimaging luqokomisa ukufana okuhlobene nokufisa nokunaka ukunakwa. ” Qaphela: iningi le-neuroscience elisekela ubukhona “bokuthi umlutha wezocansi” empeleni livela ezifundweni zabasebenzisi be-porn, hhayi imilutha yezocansi. Ukuxabana nokulutha kwe-inthanethi okungcolile nokulutha ngobulili kwenza buthaka iphepha.
  7. Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokuzibandakanyeka Ngokobulili Njengesimo Sokukhubazeka: Ukuthinta Inthanethi Nezinye Izinkinga (2016). Izicashunwa: “Ukugcizelelwa okudinga kakhulu kwizimpawu ze-intanethi njengoba lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuziphatha ngokobulili."Futhi"Ubufakazi obungokwelashwa obuvela kulabo abasiza futhi baphathe abantu abanjalo kufanele banikezwe ngokwengeziwe emphakathini wezifo zengqondo. "
  8. Ngenkathi igama elithi "hypersexuality" kufanele lilahlwe, lesi isibuyekezo esihle esenziwe ngabakwaMon Planck neuroscientist Isisekelo se-Neurobiological of Hysexsexality (2016). Isicashunwa: "Ukuhlanganiswa, ubufakazi bubonakala sengathi butholakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-lobe yangaphambili, i-amygdala, i-hippocampus, i-hypothalamus, i-septum, nezindawo zobuchopho ezisebenzayo umvuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni kobulili obufanayo. Ucwaningo lwe-Genetic kanye ne-neuropharmacological izindlela zokwelashwa zikhomba ekubandakanyekeni kwesistimu ye-dopaminergic."
  9. Ukufuna ukucaca emanzini amadaka: ukucubungula esikhathini esizayo ukuhlukanisa ukuziphatha okuphoqeleka ngokocansi njengomlutha (2016) - Izingcaphuno: Sesanda kuhlola ubufakazi bokuhlehlisa ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) njengokweqile ukuziphatha kabi. Ukubuyekezwa kwethu kutholile ukuthi i-CSB yabelane ngokufana kwemitholampilo, ye-neurobiological kanye ne-phenomenological ne-substance-use disorders. Nakuba i-American Psychiatric Association inqabe ukuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual kusuka ku-DSM-5, ukuxilongwa kwe-CSB (ngokweqile ngokobulili drive) kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ICD-10. I-CSB iphindwe iphindwe yi-ICD-11.
  10. Ukuhlanganisa ukucatshangelwa kwengqondo kanye neurobiological mayelana nokuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwezinkinga ezithile zokusebenzisa i-Inthanethi: Ukusebenzisana komuntu-ukuthinta-ukuqonda-imodeli yokufeza (2016) - Ukubuyekezwa kwezinqubo ezakha ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokunakekelwa kwezifo ezithile ezisebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi, kufaka phakathi i- "Internet-visual-visual disorder". Ababhali baphakamisa ukuthi umlutha wezocansi (kanye nokulutha kwe-cybersex) uhlukaniswe njengezinkinga zokusebenzisa i-inthanethi futhi ubekwe nokunye ukuluthwa kokuziphatha okuphazamisekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa njengezimilo zokulutha.
  11. Ukulutha kobulili isahluko se-Neurobiology yezidakamizwa, i-Oxford Press (2016) - Ingcaphuno: Sibuyekeza isisekelo se-neurobiological umlutha, kufaka phakathi umlutha wemvelo noma wenqubo, bese sixoxa ngokuthi lokhu kuhlobana kanjani nokuqonda kwethu kwamanje kocansi njengomvuzo wemvelo ongahle ube “ongalawulwa” empilweni yomuntu ngamunye.
  12. I-Neuroscientific Isondela ku-Online Pornography Isilonda (2017) - Ingcaphuno: Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, izifundo eziningana nge-neuroscientific approach, ikakhulukazi i-imagination magontic resonance imaging (fMRI), zaqhutshwa ukuhlola ama-neural correlates wokubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola kanye nama-neural correlates wokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Njengoba kunikezwe imiphumela yangaphambilini, ukusetshenziselwa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kungaxhunyaniswa nezinqubo ezingaziwayo ze-neurobiological ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene nezidakamizwa.
  13. Ingabe ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuyinkinga yokulutha? (I-2017) - Izingcaphuno: Ukucwaninga kwi-neurobiology yokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili kuye kwadala ukutholakala okuphathelene nokukhathazeka okubambe iqhaza, izinkampani zokugqugquzela umqondo, kanye nokucutshungulwa kobuchopho okusekelwe ebuchosheni obonisa ukufana okukhulu nezidakamizwa. Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi yokuziphatha ngokobulili njengesifo sokulutha kuyaphambene nedatha yamuva futhi kungase kuzuze odokotela, abacwaningi, kanye nabantu abathintekayo futhi bathinteke ngalesi sifo.
  14. Ubufakazi bePudding buyinkambinkimbi: Idatha iyadingeka ukuze ihlolwe amamodeli nezinhloso ezihlobene nezithintelo zobulili ezicindezelayo (2018) - Izingcaphuno: Phakathi kwezizinda ezingahle ziphakamise ukufana phakathi kwe-CSB kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulutha izidakamizwa, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo ezithile zamuva okwenziwe yiWalton et al. (2017). Izifundo zokuqala zazivame ukuhlola i-CSB maqondana namamodeli wokulutha (kubuyekezwe eGola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, I-2016b; IKraus, Voon, nePotenza, I-2016b).
  15. Ukukhuthaza ukufundisa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukwelashwa, kanye nezinqubomgomo zenqubomgomo I-Commentary ku: Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi ku-ICD-11 (UKraus et al., 2018) - Izingcaphuno: Isiphakamiso samanje sokuhlukanisa izifo ze-CSB njengengcindezi yokulawula ukucindezela ingxabano njengamanye amamodeli aphakanyisiwe (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Kukhona idatha ebonisa ukuthi i-CSB yabelana ngezici eziningi ngezidakamizwa (UKraus et al., 2016), kufaka phakathi idatha yakamuva ebonisa ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi ephakeme yokwaziswa kwemivuzo ekuphenduleni imibono ehambisana nokukhohliswa okungahambi kahle (Umkhiqizo, uSnagowski, uLaier, noMaderwald, 2016; IGola, i-Wordecha, iMarchewka, neSescousse, ngo-2016; UGola et al., 2017; IKlucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; IVoon et al., 2014.
  16. Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Kwezocansi Kubantu Namamodeli Wokuqapha (2018) - Izingcaphuno: Ukuziphatha kocansi okucindezelayo (CSB) kubhekwa kabanzi ngokuthi "ukulutha ukuziphatha," futhi kuyisongo esikhulu emkhakheni wokuphila kanye kokubili impilo engokwengqondo nengqondo. Ekuphetheni, lokhu kubuyekezwa kufingqa izifundo zokuziphatha nezokucwaninga nge-CSB kubantu kanye nokuhlukunyezwa nezinye izinkinga, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ngokubodwa, lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-CSB ihlobene nokuguqulwa komsebenzi ekuguquleni i-cingulate ne-prefrontal cortex, i-amygdala, i-striatum, ne-thalamus, ngaphezu kokunciphisa uxhumano phakathi kwe-amygdala ne-prefrontal cortex.
  17. Izidakamizwa zobulili kwi-Internet Era (2018) - Ingcaphuno: Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi okuyizinkinga kanye nokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kuvame ukukhonjwa njengokungathi kunengozi yokuhlukumezeka ngokocansi, kaningi kungekho nomngcele oqondile phakathi kwezimo ezimbili. Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bakhangwa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngenxa yokungaziwa, ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi, nokutholakala kalula, futhi ezimweni eziningi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungabangela abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa umlutha wocansi lwe-inthanethi: kulezi zimo, abasebenzisi kungenzeka bakhohlwe indima "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" yokuthola ucansi, ukuthola injabulo eyengeziwe ekuzikhetheleni okuzikhethela ngokobulili kunokuba ulale emzimbeni.
  18. Izindlela zokuzicabangela izinkinga ekucindezelweni kokuziphatha ngokocansi (2018) - Ingcaphuno: Kuze kube manje, ucwaningi oluningi lokuziphendulela ngokweqile ngokuziphatha okubi ngokocansi luhlinzekele ubufakazi bokusebenzisa izindlela eziqhamuka ezithinta ukuziphatha kobulili nokucindezela okungezona ngokocansi. Ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza okushintshiwe ezindaweni ezibuchopho kanye namanethiwekhi okubandakanyeka ekukhuthazeni, ukuhlala, ukuguqulwa kokucindezeleka, nokubuyisela ukucubungula emaphethini afana nokusebenzisa izinto, ukugembula, kanye nokulutha ukubheja. Izizinda zobuchopho ezihlobene nezici ze-CSB zihlanganisa i-cortices yangaphambili neyesikhashana, i-amygdala, ne-striatum, kuhlanganise ne-nucleus accumbens.
  19. Ukuqonda Okwamanje I-Neuroscience Yezenzo Zokucindezeleka Ngokuziphatha Okuya Ngesifo socansi kanye Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zezinkinga - Ingcaphuno: Ucwaningo lwamuva lwe-neurobiological lwembula ukuthi ukuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokocansi kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziselwa ukushintshwa kwezinto zocansi kanye nokuhlukahluka kohlaka lobuchopho kanye nomsebenzi. Nakuba izifundo ezimbalwa ze-CSBD ziqhutshwa kuze kube yimanje, idatha ekhona ikhombisa ukungalingani kwe-neurobiological ukwabelana ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izithasiselo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwezokugembula. Ngakho-ke, idatha ekhona ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kungase kube kangcono njengendlela yokulutha ukuziphatha kunokuba i-disorder-control control disorder.
  20. I-Ventral Striatal Reactivity ezithintekayo zobulili (2018) - Ingcaphuno: Phakathi kwezifundo ezitholakalayo okwamanje, sakwazi ukuthola izincwadi ezingu-9 (ithebula 1) okusetshenziselwa ukufaneka kwemifanekiso ephezulu yokusebenza. Kuphela kwabane kuphela (36-39) uphenyo ngokuqondile ukucubungula izici ezithintekayo kanye / noma umvuzo kanye nokuthola okutholwe ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kwe-ventral striatum. Ucwaningo oluthathu lubonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-ventral yokuhlasela okuyingozi (36-39) noma okushiwo ukubikezela lesi simiso (36-39). Lezi zitholakele zihambisana ne-Incentive Salience Theory (IST) (28), esinye sezihlaka ezivelele kakhulu ezichaza ukusebenza kobuchopho ekudakiseni.
  21. Ukubheja Okubhebhetheka Ku-Inthanethi: Okuthi Siyazi Nalokho Esingazikho-Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile (i-2019) - Ingcaphuno: Njengoba sisazi, iziningi zezifundo zamuva zisekela le nhlangano njengesiyaluyalu nemibonakaliso ebalulekile yomtholampilo njengokungasebenzi kocansi nokunganeliseki ngokobulili. Iningi lomsebenzi okhona usekelwe ocwaningweni olufanayo olwenziwe ngezidakamizwa ezingokwemvelo, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi njenge-'promorormal stimulus 'ngokuhambisana nomuthi wangempela, ozosetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, ongabangela ukukhubazeka komlutha.

Izinguquko ezine ezinkulu zobuchopho zihileleka kokubili izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, njengoba kuchazwe kuleli phepha lanyatheliswa kulo nyaka I-New England Journal of Medicine: "Izinzuzo ze-Neurobiologic ezivela kwi-Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016)“. Lokhu kubuyekezwa okumangalisayo nguMqondisi weNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) UGeorge F. Koob, kanye nomqondisi weNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Nora D. Volkow, akusho nje ukuthi izinguquko zobuchopho ezihilelekile ekubhekaneni nokulutha, zibuye zitshele endimeni yayo yokuvula ukuthi kunezidakamizwa zobulili:

"Siphetha ngokuthi i-neuroscience iyaqhubeka isekela uhlobo lwesifo sobuchopho. Ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience kule ndawo alugcini nje ngokunikeza amathuba amasha okuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezidakayo kanye nezidakamizwa eziphathelene nokuziphatha (isib. Ekudleni, sex, nokugembula) .... "

Ngendlela elula, futhi ebanzi kakhulu, imigomo enkulu yokuguqula ubuchopho obangelwa yi-1) Ukukwazisa, 2) Ukungahlehlisi, 3) Izijikelezo zokungasebenzi ezingasebenzi (ukungazenzisi), i-4) Izijikelezo ezingasebenzi ezingasebenzi. Yonke i-4 yalezi zinguquko zengqondo ziye zabonakala phakathi ngaphezulu kwezifundo eziyishumi nambili ezenzelwe i-neuroscience kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile kanye nemilutha yezocansi:

  1. Ukukwazisa (cue-reactivity & cravings): Amasekhethi obuchopho abandakanyeka ekukhuthazeni nasekufuneni umvuzo kube nokuzwela kakhulu ezinkumbulweni noma ezinkomba ezihlobene nokuziphatha okuluthayo. Lokhu kuholela ku- ukwanda "okufunayo" noma ukuthanda ngenkathi ukuthanda noma injabulo kunciphisa. Isibonelo, izingcaphuno, njengokuvula ikhompuyutha, ukubona i-pop-up, noma yedwa, kubangela kanzima okukhulu ukungazinaki izifiso ze-pornography. Abanye bachaza impendulo ethandwa yi-porn njengoba 'ukungena emhubheni onokuphela kokuphunyuka: i-porn'. Mhlawumbe uzizwa ugijima, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ngisho nokuthuthumela, futhi konke ongacabanga ngakho kungena kwi-tube yakho oyithandayo. Izifundo zokubika ukubika noma ukucubungula-abasebenzisa abasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22.
  2. Ukungahlehlisi (ukuncipha komuzwa wokuzwela nokubekezelelana): Lokhu kufaka izinguquko zesikhathi eside zamakhemikhali nezakhiwo ezishiya lowo muntu kancane ukuzwela injabulo. I-desensitization ivame ukubonakala njengokubekezelela, okuyisidingo sedosi eliphakeme noma ukukhuthaza okukhulu ukufeza impendulo efanayo. Abanye abasebenzisi bezocansi bachitha isikhathi esithe xaxa ku-inthanethi, benwebisa amaseshini ngokuhlela, bebuka lapho bengashadi, noma bafuna ividiyo ephelele abazophela ngayo. Ukwehla komqondo kungathatha futhi indlela yokwanda ezinhlotsheni ezintsha, kwesinye isikhathi kube nzima nomfokazi, noma kuphazamise. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukushaqeka, ukumangala noma ukukhathazeka konke kungaphakamisa i-dopamine futhi kuvuse inkanuko yobulili. Olunye ucwaningo lusebenzisa igama elithi “indawo yokuhlala” - okungabandakanya izindlela zokufunda noma izindlela zokulutha. Izifundo ezibika ukungafuni ukuxoshwa noma ukujwayela kubasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  3. Izijikelezo zokungasebenzi ezingasebenzi (amandla abuthakathaka amandla + we-hyper-reactivity kuma-cues): Ukusebenza okungasebenzi kahle kwe-cortex noma ukuguqulwa ekuxhumaneni phakathi kohlelo lokuvuza kanye ne-prefrontal cortex kuholela ekunciphiseni ukulawula umfutho, kepha izifiso ezinkulu zokusebenzisa. Amasekethe angasebenzi kahle abonakala njengomuzwa wokuthi izingxenye ezimbili zobuchopho bakho zibambene ngezihluthu. Izindlela zokulutha umlutha ziyamemeza zithi 'Yebo!' ngenkathi 'ubuchopho bakho obuphakeme' busho, 'Cha, hhayi futhi!' Ngenkathi izingxenye zokulawula okuphezulu zobuchopho bakho zisesimweni esibuthakathaka izindlela zokulutha zivame ukunqoba. Izifundo zibika ukusebenza komsebenzi oyisimungulu (ukungazenzisi) noma umsebenzi owenziwe ngokuzithandela kubantu abasebenzisa i-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.
  4. Uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi (izifiso ezinkulu nezimpawu zokuhoxa): Abanye ochwepheshe bemilutha babheka ukulutha umlutha njengokuphazamiseka kwengcindezi, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okungapheli kudala izinguquko eziningi ohlelweni lokuxineka kwengqondo, futhi kuthinta nokujikeleza kwama-hormone okucindezeleka (i-cortisol ne-adrenaline). Uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi kahle luholela ekucindezelekeni okuncane okuholela ezifisweni nasekubuyeleni emuva ngoba kusebenze izindlela ezinamandla ezizwiswayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuyeka umlutha kusebenze izinhlelo zokucindezeleka kwengqondo eziholela ezinkingeni eziningi zokuhoxa ezivamile kuzo zonke izidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi ukukhathazeka, ukudangala, ukuqwasha, ukucasuka nokuguquka kwemizwelo. Ekugcineni, ukuphendula okusebenza ngokweqile kuvimbela ukusebenza kwe-cortex yangaphambili nemisebenzi ephezulu, kufaka phakathi ukulawula umfutho kanye namandla okuqonda ngokugcwele imiphumela yezenzo zethu. Izifundo ezibonisa isimiso sokucindezeleka ezingasebenzi kubantu abasebenzisa i-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3.

Ingabe lezi zinguquko kuphela zobuchopho? Cha. Ngamunye walezi zibonakaliso ezibanzi zibonisa ukuzithoba okukhulu ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali nezimo zamakhemikhali ezihlobene nomlutha-Ingabe iskena se-tumor yomdlavuza singakhombisi izinguquko ezihlobene nokukhohlisa kwamaselula / amakhemikhali Izinguquko eziningi ezicashile azikwazi ukubhekwa kumamodeli abantu ngenxa yokuhlasela kobuchwepheshe obudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, akhonjwe ngemodeli yezilwane.

Izifundo zobuchopho ezingenhla zitholakala:

  1. Ubuchopho obuhlobene nobudlova obukhulu be-3 bushintsha: ukuzwela, ukungafuneki, Futhi ubuzenzisi.
  2. Ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi okuhambisana ne-grey less in circuit circuit (dorsal striatum).
  3. Ukusetshenziselwa okuningi kwe-porn kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kokuvuselela uhlelo lokubukwa lapho ubuka kancane izithombe zezocansi.
  4. Ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi okuhlobene nokuphazanyiswa kwezixhumanisi ze-neural phakathi kohlelo lokuvuza kanye ne-prefrontal cortex.
  5. Izilingo zinezikhundla ezinkulu ezenzweni zobulili, kodwa umsebenzi ongaphansi kobuchopho obhekene nesimo esivamile (ukuhambisana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa).
  6. Ukusetshenziswa kobulili / ukuchayeka kocansi okuhlobene nokuphushulwa okukhulu okubambezeleka (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuzithokozisa). Lokhu yisibonakaliso sokusebenza okuphephile okuphezulu.
  7. I-60% yezihloko eziluthayo ezingcolile zocansi ocwaningweni oluthile zathola i-ED noma i-libido ephansi nabalingani, kepha hhayi nge-porn: bonke bathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kwe-inthanethi kubangele i-ED / low libido yabo.
  8. Ukuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe kufana nabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa. Ibonisa ukuzwela (umkhiqizo we DeltaFosb).
  9. Ukufuna okukhulu nokulangazelela i-porn, kepha hhayi ukuthanda kakhulu. Lokhu kuhambisana nemodeli eyamukelwe yokulutha - ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza.
  10. Izidakamizwa ezingcolile zinokuthandwa kakhulu kobuciko bocansi kodwa ubuchopho babo bujwayele ukujwayela izithombe zocansi. Ayikho ngaphambili.
  11. Abasha abasebenzisi bezithombe ezibucayi baningi kakhulu ekusebenziseni ukukhishwa kwesikhungo esikhwameni sokuvuza.
  12. Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme (P300) lapho abasebenzisi be-porn bezitholakala kuma-porn cues (okwenzekayo kwezinye izidakamizwa).
  13. Isifiso esingaphansi kocansi nomuntu ohambisana nokuqamba okukhulu-ukubuyisela emuva kwezithombe ezingcolile.
  14. Ukusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile okuhlobene kakhulu ne-LPP ephansi ngamaplitude uma ubuka kancane izithombe zezithombe zobulili: kubonisa ukujwayela noma ukungafuni ukuhlaziya.
  15. Ama-axis ahlukumezayo e-HPA futhi aguqulwe ama-circuits okucindezela ubuchopho, okwenzeka emilutha yezidakamizwa (kanye nomthamo omkhulu we-amygdala, okuhlobene nokucindezeleka okungapheli komphakathi).
  16. Izinguquko ze-Epigenetic ezakhiweni zofuzo ezisemqoka ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka komuntu futhi ezihlobene ngokuhambisana nokulutha.
  17. Amazinga aphezulu ajikelezayo we-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) eyenzeka futhi ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa nokulutha.
  18. Iphutha lezinkinga ze-cortex ezimpunga zesikhashana; uxhumano olubi phakathi kwezinkampani zangasese nezinye izifunda eziningana

Ubufakazi obunyathelisiwe bokuthi "ukulutha ukuziphatha" kunzima kakhulu

Ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwezifundo ezingenhla, i-YBOP yathi ukulutha kwe-inthanethi ye-inthanethi kwakungokoqobo futhi kubangelwa izinguquko ezifanayo eziyisisekelo zobuchopho njengoba kubonakala kwezinye izidakamizwa. Sasiqiniseka ngalesi simangalo ngoba izifo eziyisisekelo zisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi izidakamizwa azenzi lutho olusha noma oluhlukile; bamane banda noma banciphise imisebenzi ekhona yeselula. Sivele sinomshini wokulutha (izidakamizwa zokubeletha / izibopho / ukuthanda uthando), kanye nokubheja (ukugcina amakholori, isikhathi sokukhula). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lweminyaka yokudakwa luye lwabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ukulutha kuyisimo esisodwa, esiboniswe ngenkimbinkimbi ejwayelekile yezibonakaliso, izimpawu kanye nokuziphatha (Imiklomelo yemvelo, i-Neuroplasticity, ne-Non-Drug Addictions (2011).

Ngaphandle kwezifundo zobuchopho kubasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi / izidakamizwa zocansi, izifundo eziningi ziveza ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi futhi izinkinga zokusebenza ngokobulili, ubuhlobo nokunganeliseki ngokocansi, nokunciphisa ubuchopho ekusetshenzisweni kocansi (bheka lolu hlu oluqhubekayo lwezifundo). Ngokuvamile sibona abantu abaphilile abakhula ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile ehlobene nocansi buyela empilweni enhle ngokumane ugweme i-inthanethi ye-porn. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi bebengenazo ezinye izingqinamba ebezingaphendulelwa ukuba sengozini kwabo

Izifundo zabasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisi be-intanethi kumele zingamangalisi ngoba ngaphezulu 330 + Ubuchopho izifundo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi "imilutha ye-Intanethi" ithuthukisa Ubuchopho obufanayo obuhlobene nomlutha obuhlobene nokulutha okwenzeka emilonyeni yezidakamizwa. Izifundo eziningi zokuhlola izidakamizwa ze-intanethi ezisekelwe ekuhloleni ukuhlola lokho okufundwa yizifundo zobuchopho. Bona amaqoqo ethu:

I-porn ye-Intanethi, imidlalo ye-inthanethi, kanye nemidiya yezenhlalo manje sekubhekwa njengezicelo ezihlukile noma izigaba ezingezansi zokusebenzisa i-Inthanethi. Umuntu angaba umlutha ku-Facebook noma kwi-Intanethi, yize engenayo "imilutha ye-Intanethi ejwayelekile", njengoba kuchaziwe kulokhu Ukubuyekezwa kwe-2015 yalezincwadi. Ucwaningo lwase-Dutch lwe-2006 lwathola ukuthi i-erotica yayine- amandla okulutha kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-intanethi.

Akumangalisi. I-erotica ye-Intanethi inguhlobo olwedlulele lwemivuzo yemvelo sonke esifuna ukuyiphishekela: amathuba ovusa inkanuko ngokocansi kanye namathuba okubonakala okufana. I-porn yanamuhla eyeqisayo ayiyona eyemvelo "yokuqina kwemvelo" njengoba kunamuhla ukudla okungenamsoco. Bheka indatshana yethu Porn Manje Futhi Manje: Siyakwamukela Brain Training, kanye nalesi sihloko esihle kakhulu esibukezwa ngontanga, ngokubuyekezwa kwamanje lapho i-neuroscience iphathelene nokulutha kocansi kwe-Inthanethi: Ukulutha kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile - ukugqugquzela okuphezulu okucatshangwa kumongo we-neuroplasticity (2013).

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, abanye ubuchopho buzwela kakhulu kunabanye emiphumeleni engaba umlutha kakhulu yesisusa esibi ngokwedlulele. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi lapho isifiso sokuya ocansini lwethu sikhula kakhulu, inani labasebenzisi abazokhombisa ukungalingani-noma labo abanobuchopho obunempilo ngokuyisisekelo. Futhi isizukulwane ngasinye sisebenzisa ukukhuthaza okwenziwe ngokwedlulele ukwedlula okwokuqala, futhi kuqala ngaphambili nge-highspeed Internet porn (cabanga ama-smartphones.) Maye, ubuchopho bobusha buyanda abasengozini yokulutha futhi isimo socansi.

Ucwaningo lwamuva nje mayelana nokushintsha kobuchopho ekuphenduleni “kokudla okunempilo kakhulu” luyambula ubufakazi bezinqubo zokulutha umlutha. Uma ukugembula, gaming, Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kanye ukudla kungashintsha ubuchopho ngale ndlela, bekuyoba isimanga ukukholelwa ukuthi izithombe ze-intanethi zodwa zingase zikwazi hhayi. Yingakho ku-2011, Odokotela be-3000 we-American Society for Addiction Medicine (ASAM) waphuma nge isitatimende somphakathi ukucacisa ukuthi izidakamizwa zokuziphatha (ezocansi, ukudla, ukugembula) ziyisisekelo sokudakwa kwezidakamizwa ngokwezinguquko zobuchopho. U-ASAM wathi:

“Sonke sinemivuzo yobuchopho yokudla okwenza ukuba ukudla nokuya ocansini kunzuzise. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyindlela yokusinda. Engqondweni enempilo, le mivuzo inezindlela zokuphendula ngokuphupha noma 'ngokwanele.' Kumuntu omlutha, umjikelezo uba ongasebenzi kahle ukuze umyalezo kulowo muntu ube 'ngaphezulu', okuholela ekuphishekeleni kokuthola imivuzo kanye / noma impumuzo ngokusebenzisa izinto nokuziphatha. ”

I-ASAM ikhuluma ngokubhebhetheka kwezidakamizwa zokuziphatha ngokobulili:

UMBUZO: Le ncazelo entsha yokulutha umlutha ibhekisela ekuluthweni okubandakanya ukugembula, ukudla nokuziphatha kocansi. Ingabe i-ASAM ikholelwa ngempela ukuthi ukudla nokulala ngokobulili kungumlutha?

IMPENDULO: Le ncazelo entsha ye-ASAM isuka ekulinganiseni umlutha ngokuxhomekeka kwezidakamizwa nje kuphela, ngokuchaza ukuthi ukuluthwa futhi kuhlobene kanjani nokuziphatha okunomvuzo. … Le ncazelo ithi ukulutha kumayelana nokusebenza nokujikeleza kobuchopho nokuthi ukwakheka nokusebenza kwengqondo yabantu abanomlutha kwehluka kanjani ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwengqondo yabantu abangenawo umlutha. … Ukudla kanye nokuziphatha kobulili kanye nokuziphatha kokugembula kungahlotshaniswa "nokuphishekela okokuthola imivuzo" okuchazwe kule ncazelo entsha yokulutha.

Abacwaningi ababili abadumile emhlabeni wonke, kanye namalungu e-ASAM, banikeze imibono yabo iminyaka ngaphambi kwencazelo entsha:

  1. Inhloko yeNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) uDokotela Nora Volkow, uphakamise ukuthi igama lale nhlangano liguqulwe laba yi- “National Institute for Diseases of Addiction,” ukubhekana nokuluthwa kwemikhuba efana nokugembula okukhona emzimbeni, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (Izilingo Ezengeziwe, Isifo Stigma Esincane).
  2. Umcwaningi womlutha, U-Eric Nestler, unayo le Q & A kweyakhe iwebhusayithi, amaLabhu ka-Nestler.

UMBUZO: Ingabe lezi zinguquko zenzeka ngokwemvelo ebuchosheni bakho ngaphandle kwethonya lomuthi wokuhlukunyezwa?

IMPENDULO: "Kungenzeka ukuthi izinguquko ezifanayo zobuchopho zenzeka kwezinye izimo zokugula ezibandakanya ukudliwa ngokweqile kwemikhiqizo yemvelo, izimo ezifana nokugembula ngokweqile, ukugembula ngokwemvelo, ukulutha ubulili, njalonjalo."

Kodwa 'umlutha wezocansi' awubonakali, akunjalo?

Njengoba kungenzeka uke wazizwa emaphephandabeni, i-American Psychiatric Association (APA) ibilokhu ihudula izinyawo zayo ekufaka phakathi ukuxilongwa kokusetshenziswa okuluthayo / okuphoqeleka kwe-porn inthanethi Incwadi Yokuhlola Nezibalo. Eqinisweni, i-APA ayizange ihlolwe ngokoqobo ngokuthi "umlutha we-intanethi we-intanethi" wenguqulo ye-2013 (DSM-5), esikhundleni sokukhetha ukuphikisana ngokuthi "i-hypersexual disorder". Isikhathi sokugcina sezingcingo zokuziphatha ngokocansi sinconywa ukuba sifakwe yiqembu le-DSM-5 sikaThuthukiswa Komsebenzi wezocansi emva kweminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, esimisweni sehora leshumi nanye "ikamelo lezinkanyezi" (ngokusho kwelungu leQembu loMsebenzi), ezinye izikhulu ze-DSM-5 zenqabe ukucwasana ngokobulili, zichaza izizathu ezichazwe njengezingenangqondo. Isibonelo, i-DSM-5 isinconywe ukutadisha okuqhubekayo kwe-intanethi ye-addiction "Inthanethi Yezokudlala I-Disorder," ngenkathi yehla ukuncoma ukutadisha "I-Internet Addiction Disorder".

Ukuze kufinyelele lesi sikhundla, i-DSM-5 ayinaki imibiko emibili yabantu abagulayo kanye nabahlengikazi babo bezimpawu, izimpawu kanye nokuziphatha okuhambisana nokulutha, kanye nokunconywa okusemthethweni kwezinkulungwane zezokwelapha nezokucwaninga e-American Society of Addiction Medicine. Umlando omncane: i-DSM inezimpikiswano ezivelele eziphikisana nendlela yazo yokungazinaki indaba yezokwelapha nokugxilisa ukuxilongwa kwayo ezinkomba (esikhundleni sokuthi umzimba uphansi). Lokhu kubangela ezinye izinqumo ezingavamile, ezombusazwe eziphikisa iqiniso. Isibonelo, lapho ukuhlukanisa ubungqingili ngokungalungile njengesifo sengqondo.

Ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwe-DSM-5 ku-2013, UMqondisi weNational Institute of Health Mental Thomas Insel waxwayisa ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokuthi insimu yezempilo yezengqondo iyeke ukuthembela kwi-DSM. I-DSMubuthakathaka ukungabi khona kweqiniso, ”Echaza, futhingeke siphumelele uma sisebenzisa izigaba ze-DSM njenge- “standardgolide. ”Ungeze wathi,Yingakho i-NIMH izophinde iphinde iqondise ucwaningo lwayo kude nezigaba ze-DSM. ”Ngamanye amagama, i-NIMH ngeke isakhokhela ucwaningo ngokususelwa ekuxilongeni okubalwe ku-DSM.

Kusukela kushicilelwe ngu-DSM-5, amakhulu amaningi emilutha ye-intanethi kanye ne-intanethi yokulutha izidakamizwa zokudlala izidakamizwa, futhi izifundo eziningi ze-intanethi yezokwelapha zocansi ziye zavela ukuthi zingaphansi kwesimo se-DSM-5. Ngesinye isikhathi, naphezu kokunakekelwa kwezindaba kumbono we-DSM-5, odokotela abasebenza nalabo abanenkinga yokuziphatha ngokobulili baye baqhubeka behlonza izinkinga ezinjalo. Basebenzisa enye ukuxilongwa ku-DSM-5 kanye nenye ye-ICD-10 yamanje, i-World Health Organization esebenzisa kabanzi inqubo yokuhlonza, i Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezifo Zomhlaba Wonke.

Izindaba ezinkulu ukuthi i-World Health Organization ikulungise iphutha le-DSM-5. Ngokungafani nabahleli be-DSM-5, abahleli be-ICD-11 batusa ukwengeza ukuxilongwa kwezempilo entsha yengqondo okuzohlanganisa nalabo abanezinkinga eziphathelene nokuziphatha kabi kocansi. Nakhu ulimi oluhlongozwayo lwamanje:

I-6C92 I-Compulsive behavior behavior disorder libhekene nephethini ephikisanayo yokuhluleka ukulawula ukucindezela okukhulu, okuphindaphindiwe ngokobulili noma izikhalo ezibangelwa ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe ngokocansi. Izimpawu zingabandakanya imisebenzi ephindaphindiwe ngokocansi ibe yinto ebalulekile yokuphila komuntu kuze kube sekugcineni kokunakekelwa kwempilo nokunakekelwa komuntu noma ezinye izithakazelo, imisebenzi kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo; imizamo eminingi engaphumelelanga yokunciphisa kakhulu ukuziphatha kocansi okuphindaphindiwe; futhi waqhubeka nokuphindaphinda ukuziphatha ngokocansi naphezu kwemiphumela emibi noma ekutholeni ukwaneliseka okuncane noma akukho. Isibonelo sokuhluleka ukulawula ukucindezela okukhulu, ngokobulili noma izikhalo futhi okuholela ekuphindeni ukuziphatha ngokobulili kubonakala esikhathini esengeziwe (isib. Izinyanga ezingu-6 noma ngaphezulu), kanye nezimbangela eziphawulekayo ukucindezeleka noma ukulimala okuphawulekayo emndenini, emndenini, ezenhlalo, ezemfundo, umsebenzi, noma ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zokusebenza. Ukucindezeleka okuhlobene ngokuphelele nezindinganiso zokuziphatha futhi ukungavumelani nezifiso zobulili, izikhalo, noma ukuziphatha akufanele ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko.

Ukuze uthole i-akhawunti enembile ye-ICD-11, bheka lesi sihloko samuva se-Society for the Promotion of Health Health (SASH): "Ukuziphatha Ngokucindezela Ngokwecansi" kuye kwahlukaniswa i-World Health Organization njengeMental Health Disorder. Ukudalula kuma-shenanigans ngama-PhD aqhutshwa i-ajenda, bheka - Ama-propagandist amele amanga amaphepha ukuze afake isimanga samanga ukuthi ICD-11 ye-WHO "inqabe umlutha wezocansi nokulutha kobulili"

ISIQEPHU 2: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ezingabazekayo nezilahlekisayo; izingcezu ze-propaganda ezingamanga