Ukusekelwa okungokomthetho kwe- "The Great Porn Experiment" - I-TEDx Glasgow (2012): Ikhasi 2

Isingeniso

Leli khasi, futhi ikhasi lesibili, unikeze ukwesekwa okusemthethweni kwezimangalo ezifakiwe Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa | Gary Wilson | I-TEDxGlasgow (futhi I-Demise of Guys, nguFiliphu Zimbardo). Islayidi ngayinye ye-PowerPoint kanye nombhalo ohambisanayo uhambisana (1) okushiwo okokuqala / imithombo, okulandelwa yizifundo ezisekelayo (2) kanye nobufakazi bemitholampilo eshicilelwe eminyakeni engenele. Ama-Slides 18 nge-35 angezansi. Ikhasi lokuqala liqukethe i-slides 1 nge-17.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokho Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa yaqedwa yathunyelwa ku-TEDx ngoDisemba 2011, ngenkathi inkulumo yanikezwa ngoMashi, 2012. Le nkulumo ye-TEDx yayiphendula ngqo kuPhilip Zimbardo "Ukudutshulwa kwamaGay”Inkulumo ye-TED, izilaleli zaseGlasgow ezibuke ngaphambi nje kwenkulumo.

Kusukela ngoDisemba 2011, inhlangano enkulu yokucwaninga okusekelayo kanye nobufakazi bempilo sekufikile ukusekela Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa iziqinisekiso ezintathu eziyinhloko, eziyizi:

  1. I-porn ye-intanethi ingabangela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi;
  2. Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi kungaholela ekuguqulweni kwengqondo okuhlobene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-3 ekhonjiswe ekudakwa kwezidakamizwa; futhi
  3. Ukusetshenziswa kocansi lwe-intanethi kungase kukhulume izimo ezithile ezingokomqondo nezingokomzwelo (izinkinga zokuhlushwa, ukukhathazeka komphakathi, ukucindezeleka, njll).

Okulandelayo yi isifinyezo esifushane ubufakazi obunyakazo kanye nempilo ephathelene nokusekela izimangalo ezenziwe ku Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa

1) Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi:

2) Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi kungaholela ekuguqulweni kobuchopho obuhlobene no-3 obubhekene nezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa:

Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa kubhalwe ukulutha kwezintambo eziyishumi "izifundo zobuchopho," okwakusekela umbono wami wokuthi ukulutha kwe-inthanethi (kanye nama-subtypes okulutha kwe-inthanethi afana nokudlala kanye ne-porn) kukhona futhi kufaka izindlela ezifanayo eziyisisekelo nokushintsha kobuchopho njengezinye izidakamizwa. Lo mkhakha wokutadisha ukhula kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-2019, kukhona ukulutha kwe-inthanethi okungama-350 "kwezifundo zobuchopho." Bonke babika okutholakele kwemizwa nokushintsha kobuchopho kwizidakamizwa ze-intanethi ezihambisana nemodeli yokulutha (uhlu lwe Ukulutha kwe-inthanethi "izifundo zobuchopho"). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwezifundo eziningana zokulutha izidakamizwa ze-intanethi kusekela isimangalo sokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kubangela (kwezinye) izimpawu ezifana nokucindezeleka, i-ADHD, ukukhathazeka, njll Uhlu lwezifundo ezinjalo: Izifundo ezibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi nokusetshenziswa kocansi kubangela izimpawu nezinguquko zobuchopho.

Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa kuchaze izinguquko ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchopho ezenzeka ngobudakamizwa bezocansi: (1) Ukwehliswa kweSenitization, (2), kanye ne-3. Kusukela ngo-Mashi, i-2012, ucwaningo oluningi lwezinzwa kwabasebenzisi be-porn kanye nezilonda zobulili be-porn lushicilelwe. Zonke lezi zinguquko ezintathu zobuchopho ziye zabonakala phakathi Ucwaningo olususelwa ku-54 lwe-neuroscience on abasebenzisi be-porn abasha kanye nabamlutha kwezocansi:

  • Izifundo zokubika ukuzwela (cue-reactivity & cravings) kubasebenzisi be-porn / imilutha yezocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.
  • Izifundo ezibika ukungafuni ukuhlala noma ukuhlala (okuholela ekubekezeleleni) kubasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • Izifundo zibika ukusebenza komsebenzi oyisimungulu (ukungazenzisi) noma umsebenzi owenziwe ngokuzithandela kubantu abasebenzisa i-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.

The Ucwaningo lwe-54 lwe-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, i-hormonal) inikeza ukusekelwa okuqinile kwendlela yokulutha, njengoba kwenza Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezingama-30 zakamuva nezincazelo ngezinye zezazi eziphezulu zezinzwa emhlabeni.

Ngiphinde ngachaza ukukhula noma ukujwayela enkulumweni yami ye-TEDx (okungaba inkomba yokulutha). Izifundo ezinhlanu manje sezibuze abasebenzisi be-porn ikakhulukazi ngokukhuphuka kwezinhlobo ezintsha noma ukubekezelelana, okuqinisekisa zombili (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene eziqondile, noma ama-akhawunti wemitholampilo, izifundo ezengeziwe ze-40 babike ukutholakala okuhambisana nokujwayela "i-porn ejwayelekile" noma ukukhuphukela ezinhlotsheni ezimbi kakhulu futhi ezingavamile.

Ngokuqondene nokuhoxa, lonke ucwaningo olucelile lubike izimpawu zokuhoxa. Okwamanje Izifundo eziyi-13 zibika izimpawu zokuhoxiswa kwabasebenzisi be-porn.

Kuthiwani ngezifundo ze-neurological ezidonsa umlutha we-porn? Lapho azikho. Ngenkathi umbhali oholayo we Prause et al., 2015 wathi isifundo sakhe esisodwa se-EEG samangalela umlutha wobulili ezingcolile, amaphepha e-10 abukezwe ontanga awavumelani: Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Prause et al., 2015. Ochwepheshe bezinzwa kulamaphepha basho lokho Prause et al. empeleni bathola ukuxoshwa / ukuhlala (okuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kokulutha), njengoba Ngaphansi Ukusebenza kobuchopho ku-vanilla porn (izithombe) kwakuhlobene okukhulu ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Ngokungangabazeki, i Prause et al. ithimba lizitshele ngesibindi ukuthi likhohlisile imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa nesigaba esisodwa esithathwe kulokhu Incwadi ka-2016 eya kumhleli. Eqinisweni incwadi ye-Prause ayikhohlisi lutho, njengoba lolu cwaningo olunzulu lubonisa: Incwadi eya kumhleli "Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela izidakamizwa " (2016).

Kepha 'umlutha wezocansi' awukho kuma-APA I-DSM-5, kunjalo? Lapho i-APA igcine ukuvuselela ibhukwana ku-2013 (I-DSM-5), akuzange acabange ngokuqondile "ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi," esikhundleni sokuthi aphikisana ngokuthi "i-hypersexual disorder." Isikhathi sokugcina senkinga yokuziphatha ngokocansi sanconywa ukuba sifakwe I-DSM-5 Iqoqo leQembu lezokuSebenza ngokocansi emva kweminyaka yokubuyekeza. Kodwa-ke, esimisweni sehora leshumi nanye "ikamelo lezinkanyezi" (ngokusho kwelungu leQembu loMsebenzi), enye I-DSM-5 iziphathimandla zenqabe ukucwasana ngokobulili, echaza izizathu eziye zachazwa njengezingenangqondo.

Ngaphambi nje koku I-DSM-5 ukushicilelwa ku-2013, uThomas Insel, uMqondisi weNational Institute of Health Mental, waxwayisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba insimu yempilo yengqondo ime ukuthembela ku-DSM. Yakhe"ubuthakathaka ukungabi khona kweqiniso, ”Echaza, futhingeke siphumelele uma sisebenzisa izigaba ze-DSM njenge “standard gold."Wanezela,"Yingakho i-NIMH izophinde iphinde iqondise ucwaningo lwayo kude ne-DSMs. ” Ngamanye amagama, i-NIMH ihlele ukumisa ucwaningo ngezimali olususelwa kumalebula e-DSM (nokungabikho kwawo).

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezokwelapha zihamba phambili kwe-APA. I I-American Society of Addiction Medicine (I-ASAM) yathinteka ukuthi yini okufanele ibe yisilumkhuba sokugcina emgodini we-debate wokulutha izidakamizwa ngo-Agasti, i-2011, izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ngilungise inkulumo yami ye-TEDx. Ochwepheshe be-addiction ephezulu ku-ASAM bakhululwe incazelo eqondile yokulutha. Incazelo entsha yenza amanye amaphuzu amakhulu Ngenza enkulumweni yami. Okuphambili, ukuziphatha ngokweqile kwenzalo kuthinta ubuchopho ngezindlela ezifanayo njengoba izidakamizwa zenza. Ngamanye amazwi, Ukulutha ngokweqile kuyisifo esisodwa (isimo), hhayi eziningi. I-ASAM ichaze ngokucacile lokho ukulutha ukuziphatha kabi ngokocansi kukhona futhi kufanele ngempela kubangelwe izinguquko ezifanayo eziyisisekelo zobuchopho ezitholakala ezidakamizwa ezidakayo.

I-World Health Organization ibonakala ikulungele ukumisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwezombangazwe ze-APA. Umbhalo wezokwelapha wezokwelapha osetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, I-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), iqukethe ukuxilongwa okusha efanelekile ukulutha izidakamizwa: "Ukucindezeleka Ngokuziphatha Ngokwemvelo. "I-ICD-11 iqukethe ukuxilongwa okusha kokulutha komdlalo wevidiyo: I-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder.

I-3) Ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi kungabangela izimo ezithile ezingokomzwelo nezingokomzwelo

Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa kuchazwe "I-Other Porn Experiment”Lapho izinsizwa ezaqeda ukusetshenziswa kocansi zabika ukuxolelwa kwezinkinga ezingokomzwelo nezingqondo. I-TGPE iphinde ichaze "ukulutha okuvusa inkanuko" (ukulutha kwe-inthanethi kanye ama-subtypes alo) okwandisa noma obangela izimpawu ezifana nobuchopho bobuchopho, inkinga yokuhlushwa, ukukhathazeka okuvamile, ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka komphakathi. Kuka-2020 kukhona izifundo eziningi zokuxhumana futhi Ucwaningo lwe-90 kusekela lokhu okushiwo.

Ku-2016 uGary Wilson washicilela amaphepha amabili abuyekezwa kontanga:

Qaphela: ezinye izixhumanisi ziyizinguqulo zezifundo ezivela ku-www.yourbrainonporn.com. Izixhumanisi lapho, ziholela ezithombeni nasezifundweni ezigcwele kwenye indawo.

I-POWERPOINT SLIDES 18-35 & UMBHALO OHLANGENE

SLIDE 18

Uma ukuzitika ngokweqile kuqhubeka, kungaholela ekuguqulweni kobuchopho obonakala kuzo zonke izilonda:

  1. Okokuqala impendulo yenjabulo engenalutho ingena ngaphakathi - ngakho-ke izinjabulo zansuku zonke zishiya umlutha wethu wezocansi unganelisekile (ukungafuneki).
  2. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izinguquko zangokwenyama zenza ukuthi i-hyper-isebenze ekuziphatheni kwe-porn (ukuzwela). Konke okunye ekuphileni kwakhe kubonakala kunesithukuthezi, kodwa i-porn iyashisa isifundazwe somvuzo.
  3. Ekugcineni, amandla akhe aphuza - njenge-CEO ebuchosheni bakhe, i-cortex yangaphambili iguquka

Angikwazi ukukugcizelela lokhu ngokwanele: Zonke izidakamizwa zabelana ngalezi zinguquko ezifanayo zobuchopho futhi zibangelwa ukushintshwa kwamangqamuzana afanayo - iDeltaFosB.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Izilayilo ze-18 zokuzibophezela okungapheli kwi-inthanethi ye-intanethi kungaholela ekushintsheni okufanayo kobuchopho njengoba kubonakala kwezinye izinhlobo zokulutha. Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa ichaze izinguquko ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchopho ezenzeka nokulutha kocansi: (1) Ukuzwela, (2) Ukwehliswa kwenhliziyo, kanye (3) namasekethe angasebenzi angasebenzi kahle (ukusebenza okuphethe kabi). Isimangalo mayelana nendima yeDeltaFosB ekufiseni, ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelelwe, nokulutha umlutha kubhekiswe kwisilayidi sangaphambilini.

Izinguquko ezinkulu zobuchopho ezihilelekile kokubili izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha (ukuzwela, ukungafuni izinhloso, kanye nezifunda eziphambene nezisebenzi ezingasebenzi) zazichazwe ezincwadini eziningi, njengaleli phephandaba likhishwe nguNida, uNora Volkow: Isiyaluyalu: Ukwehla kokuzwela komvuzo nokukhuphuka kokulindela ukuzwela kobuqili bokunqoba i-Brain's Control Circuit.

Isimangalo sokuthi lezi zinguquko ezifanayo ze-3 zenzeka ezinkampanini ezingekho izidakamizwa zisekelwa amakhulu eziningi zezinzwa ezibonisa ukuthi izidakamizwa zokuziphatha (ukulutha kokudla, ukugembula okungokwemvelo, ukudlala ividiyo, Futhi Ukulutha kwe-intanethi futhi umlutha wezocansi) kanye nezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa zihlanganyela okuningi okufanayo izindlela eziyisisekelo okuholela ku iqoqo lezinguquko ezabiwe e-anatomy yobuchopho nakumakhemikhali. Lokhu akumangazi njengoba izidakamizwa zingakhuphula kuphela noma zivimbela imisebenzi ekhona yemvelo.

Isibonelo, zonke izidakamizwa eziluthayo kanye nezimo ezingase zibe umlutha zihlanganyela ngendlela eyodwa ebalulekile yesenzo: ukuphakama kwe-dopamine i-nucleus accumbens (ebizwa nangokuthi isikhungo somvuzo). Ukweqa ngokweqile, kanye ne-dopamine spikes ehlobene, imbangela ΔFosB ukuqoqa kancane kancane ezindaweni ezibalulekile zobuchopho. (ΔFosB iyi isici sokubhala, okungukuthi, iphrotheni ebopha izakhi zakho zofuzo bese uzivula noma uzicime.) I-DeltaFosB iyashintsha izimpendulo zethu zofuzo, ukuletha ebuchosheni obulinganisako, obungokwenyama. Lezi ziqala ukuzwela, okungukuthi, ukusebenza ngamandla kwe-circry yomvuzo wobuchopho-kepha kuphela ekuphenduleni izinkomba ezithile ezihambisana nokulutha okukhulayo. Ngokusho komcwaningi Eric Nestler,

[ΔFosB] cishe i-a inkinobho yamangqamuzana. … Uma isivele ivuliwe, ihlala isikhashana futhi ingasuki kalula. Lesi simo sibonakala ekuphenduleni ukuphathwa okungapheli kwanoma yisiphi isidakamizwa sokuhlukumeza. Kubuye kubhekwe ngemuva kwezinga eliphakeme lokusetshenziswa kwe- imivuzo yemvelo (Ukuvivinya, i-sucrose, ukudla okunamafutha aphezulu, sex).

Ngizofaka izibuyekezo ezimbalwa zemibhalo esekela ubukhona bezidakamizwa zokuziphatha (ukuze kube lula, ezinye ezishicilelwe ngemuva kwenkulumo yami nazo zibaliwe):

  1. I-Neurobiology ne-Genetics ye-Impulse Control Disorders: Ubudlelwane Nezidakamizwa Zezidakamizwa (2008)
  2. Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwabuchopho Bokuvula I-Way For Ukunciphisa Ukungahambisani Nezimo: Ukukhipha Umlutha Ngomunye Ohlangene? (I-2010)
  3. Isingeniso Emiyalweni Yokuziphatha (2010)
  4. Ukuqaphela Ukuncintisana Okucindezelayo Nezimpikiswano, kusukela ku-Animal Models kuya ku-Endophenotypes: Ukubukeza Okulandelanayo (i-2010)
  5. Imiklomelo yemvelo, i-Neuroplasticity, ne-Non-Drug Addictions (2011)
  6. Ukubukezwa okuhlosiwe kwe-Neurobiology ne-Genetics yezidakamizwa zokuziphatha: Indawo Evelayo Yokucwaninga (2013)
  7. Inqubo yokuthola izinkinga zokuqonda i-neurobiology yokulutha (2013)
  8. I-anatomy esebenzayo yokuphazamiseka kokulawula ukucindezeleka (i-2013)
  9. Okubhekayo: Izimo Eziyingozi Zokuziphatha, Mark Potenza (2015)
  10. Ukulutha ukuziphatha ngokweqile kumuthi wokulutha: kusuka ezindleleni kuya ekucabangeni okusebenzayo (2016)
  11. Ubukhulu bezinkomba ekubhekaneni nokuziphatha okubi (2016)
  12. Izindima "Zokufuna" kanye "Nokuthanda" Ekuziphatheni Okukhuthazayo: Ukugembula, Ukudla, Nezidakamizwa Zezidakamizwa (2016)
  13. Ukuguquguquka kokulutha: Ukucabanga okuqhubekayo "okuqhubekayo" okubandakanya ukugqugquzela okuphazamisayo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-hedonic, kanye nokufunda okubambisana (2016)
  14. Ukulutha komzimba nokulutha kwemithi kufanele kuchazwe ngokufana kwazo hhayi ukuhlukaniswa kwazo (i-2017)
  15. Izinto nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha zingase zihlanganyele inqubo efana nayo yokuhlukunyezwa (i-2017)

Amakhasi alandelayo aqukethe izifundo eziningi zezinzwa ezichaza izindlela kanye nezinguquko zobuchopho ezihambisana nesimo sokulutha:

Njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, umthengisi othengisa kakhulu kaNorman Doidge ka-2007 Ubuchopho Obushintshayo bathi izidakamizwa zokuziphatha (kufaka phakathi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi) zikhona. Ngcaphuno ekusekeleni lesi slideyidi:

Ukugxila kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi akusona isifaniso. Akuzona zonke izidakamizwa eziphathelene nezidakamizwa noma utshwala. Abantu bangaba nomlutha omkhulu wokugembula, ngisho nokusebenza. Bonke abahlukumezayo babonisa ukulahlekelwa kokulawulwa komsebenzi, bawufune ngokucindezela ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi, ukuthuthukisa ukubekezelelana ukuze badinga amazinga aphakeme nakakhulu okuvuselela ukwaneliseka, futhi isipiliyoni sokuhoxiswa uma bengakwazi ukuqeda isenzo sokulutha.

Zonke izidakamizwa zibandakanya ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi impilo, ukuguqulwa kwe-neuroplastic ebuchosheni. Ngokulutha, ukulinganisela akunakwenzeka, futhi kufanele bagweme izinto noma umsebenzi ngokuphelele uma kufanele bagweme ukuziphatha okuluthayo.

Ku-2011, kwakushicilelwe izifundo ezintathu kuphela zezinzwa (ezimbili ku "hypersexourse", eyodwa kubasebenzisi be-porn be-inthanethi). Bobathathu laba bamaka bezinzwa ababhekene nemodeli yokulutha:

1) Ukuphenya okuQaphelweni kwe-Impulsive and Neuroanatomical Characteristics of Compulsive Sexual behavior (2009) - (ukusebenza okumpofu kakhulu) Ngokuyinhloko imilutha yezocansi. Ucwaningo lubika ngokuziphatha okungacabangi emsebenzini weGo-NoGo kubantu abayimilutha yezocansi (abesilisa nabesifazane) uma kuqhathaniswa nababambiqhaza bokulawula. Ukuskena kobuchopho kuveze ukuthi abayimilutha yezocansi babenodaba olumhlophe olungalingani kahle lwe-cortex. Lokhu kutholakala kuyahambisana nokuzenzisa, uphawu lokulutha.

2) Ukungezwani okubikwayo ngokuzikhandla kwezinyathelo zokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokuziphatha kocansi phakathi kwesimuli nesiguli samadoda (2010) - (ukusebenza okuphezulu kompofu). Ingcaphuno:

Iziguli ezifuna usizo ekuziphatheni kwe-hypersexual zivame ukukhombisa izici zokungacabangi, ukuqina kwengqondo, ukwahlulela okungafanele, ukwehluleka kokulawulwa kwemizwelo, nokukhathazeka ngokweqile ngocansi. Ezinye zalezi zici zivamile nasezigulini ezethula ngezifo zemizwa ezihambisana nokungasebenzi okuphezulu. Lokhu okubonile kuholele ekuphenyweni kwamanje kokwehluka phakathi kweqembu leziguli ezi-hypersexual (n = 87) nesampula somphakathi esingeyona eye-hypersexual (n = 92) yamadoda asebenzisa i-Behaeve Rating Inventory ye-Executive Function-Adult Version Ukuziphatha kwe-Hypersexual kuhlobene kahle ngama-indices womhlaba wonke wokungasebenzi okuphezulu kanye nokuxhaswa okuningana kwe-BRIEF-A. Lokhu okutholakele kunikeza ubufakazi bokuqala bokusekela umbono wokuthi ukungasebenzi okuphezulu kungabandakanyeka ekuziphatheni kwe-hypersexual.

3) Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ku-intanethi: Indima Yokulinganisa Ngokwezocansi kanye Nezimo Zengqondo-I-Psychiatric for Ukusebenzisa I-Internet Sites Sites Ngokuphambene (2011) - (ukusebenza okuphezulu kompofu). Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinkinga ezibikezelayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi zazibikezelwe ngokulinganisa ngokobulili okuvezwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili, ukuqina komhlaba wonke wezibonakaliso ezingokwengqondo, kanye nenani lezinhlelo zobulili ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlala kumasayithi ezocansi e-Internet ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ngenkathi isikhathi esichithwa kumasayithi ezocansi e-intanethi (amaminithi ngosuku) asizange ibambe iqhaza ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka kumaphuzu we-IATsex. Sibona ukufana okukhona phakathi kwezinqubo zokuqonda nezindlela zobuchopho ezingase zibe nomthelela ekulondolozeni ucansi lwe-inthanethi ngokweqile nalabo abachazwe kubantu abanokuzithemba ngokweqile

Ekugcineni, izimangalo ze-Slides 18 zisekelwe esimisweni esivezwe yinhlangano enkulu enikezwe ekudambiseni imithi nokucwaninga, i-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), 2011 "Incazelo Entsha Yokulutha Umlutha": Ukubonisa izimpawu, izimpawu kanye nokuziphatha okuhambisana nokulutha umlutha kubonisa inqwaba yezinhlamvu ukushintsha kwengqondo okuyisisekelo kwenzekile (njenge: Ukukwazisa, Ukungahlehlisi, Izijikelezo zokungasebenzi ezingasebenzi (ukungazenzisi), Izijikelezo ezingasebenzi ezingasebenzi). Ngizwe sengathi incazelo entsha ye-ASAM iqede impikiswano yokuthi ucansi kanye nokulutha kwezocansi kuyizidakamizwa "zangempela." Ukusuka Ukusakaza kwe-ASAM:

Incazelo entsha ibangelwe inqubo eqinile, yeminyaka emine enezingcweti ezingaphezu kuka-80 ezisebenza kuyo, kufaka phakathi iziphathimandla eziphezulu zokulutha izidakamizwa, odokotela bezokwelapha izidakamizwa kanye nabacwaningi abahamba phambili be-neuroscience ezweni lonke. … Iminyaka engamashumi amabili yentuthuko kwezobuchwephesha bezinzwa yaqinisekisa i-ASAM ukuthi ukulutheka kumele kuchazwe kabusha ngokwenzeka ebuchosheni.

Ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi kokubili ukulutha kwezimo zokuziphatha kanye namakhemikhali kubandakanya ukuguqulwa okukhulu okufanayo ekutheni i-brain and anatomy. An Okhulumela i-ASAM wachaza:

Incazelo entsha ishiya ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi zonke izidakamizwa - kungaba utshwala, i-heroin noma ucansi, zithi-ziyafana ngokuyisisekelo. UDkt Raju Haleja, owayengumongameli weCanada Society for Addiction Medicine nosihlalo wekomidi le-ASAM elenza le ncazelo entsha, utshele iThe Fix ukuthi, “Sibheke ukuba umlutha njengesifo esisodwa, ngokungafani nalabo ababona behlukene izifo. Umlutha umlutha. Akukhathalekile ukuthi yini ebucisha ubuchopho bakho kulolo hlangothi, uma selushintshile, usengcupheni yakho konke ukulutheka. ” … Ucansi noma ukugembula noma ukulutha kokudla [konke] kusebenza ngokomthetho njengokulutha kotshwala noma i-heroin noma i-crystal meth.

Ingcaphuno evela Imibuzo ye-ASAM

UMBUZO: Yini ehlukile ngale ncazelo entsha?

IMPENDULO: Esikhathini esedlule bekugxilwe kakhulu ezintweni ezihambisana nokulutha, njengotshwala, i-heroin, insangu noma i-cocaine. Le ncazelo entsha ikwenza kucace ukuthi ukulutheka akulona olwezidakamizwa, kumayelana nobuchopho. Akuzona izinto umuntu azisebenzisayo ezibenza babe umlutha; akuyona ngisho ubuningi noma imvamisa yokusetshenziswa. Umlutha umayelana nalokho okwenzeka ebuchosheni bomuntu lapho echayeka ezintweni ezinomvuzo noma ekuziphatheni okunomvuzo, futhi kumayelana nomjikelezo womvuzo ebuchosheni nasezakhiweni zobuchopho ezihlobene kunokuba kumayelana namakhemikhali angaphandle noma indlela yokuziphatha evulekayo izifunda.

Isifinyezo esifushane samaphuzu amakhulu we-ASAM:

  1. Ukubheja komlutha kubonisa ukuthi ubuchopho obufanayo bushintsha noma buvela ekuphenduleni amakhemikhali noma ukuziphatha.
  2. Umlutha yisifo esiyinhloko. Akudingekile ukuthi kubangelwe yizinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezinjengokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo noma ubuntu. Lokhu kubeka emcabangweni odumile wokuthi ukuziphatha okuluthayo kuhlala kuyindlela “yokuzelapha” ukudambisa ezinye izifo.
  3. Zombili izidakamizwa zokuziphatha nezidakamizwa zenza izinguquko ezinkulu ezifanayo ezijikelezweni ezifanayo ze-neural: Ukuhlambalaza, ukugqugquzela, ukuchithwa kwemvelo, ukuguqula izifunda zokucindezeleka, njll.
  4. Incazelo entsha iqeda ukwahlukana okudala "kokulutha kuqhathaniswa nokuphoqelelwa", obejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwenqaba ukuba khona kwezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, kufaka phakathi "ukulutha kokuziphatha ngokocansi."

Okucaphuna okuvela Imibuzo ye-ASAM okuhlobene nokulutha kwezocansi nezocansi (i-ASAM ibalula “ukulutha ngokuziphatha kocansi” amahlandla ayi-10 encazelweni yayo yango-2011 nama-FAQ - ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe.):

UMBUZO: Le ncazelo entsha yokulutha umlutha ibhekisela ekuluthweni okubandakanya ukugembula, ukudla nokuziphatha kocansi. Ingabe i-ASAM ikholelwa ngempela ukuthi ukudla nokulala ngokobulili kungumlutha?

IMPENDULO: Ukulutha ukugembula kuchazwe kahle ezincwadini zesayensi amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Eqinisweni, uhlelo lwakamuva lwe-DSM (DSM-5) luzofaka uhlu lokuphazamiseka kokugembula esigabeni esifanayo esinenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Incazelo entsha ye-ASAM yenza ukusuka ekulinganiseni ukuluthwa nokuncika kwento nje, ngokuchaza ukuthi ukulutha umlutha kuhlobene kanjani nokuziphatha okunomvuzo. Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala ukuthi i-ASAM ithathe isikhundla esisemthethweni sokuthi ukulutheka akulona kuphela "ukuncika kwento." Le ncazelo ithi ukuluthwa kumayelana nokusebenza nokujikeleza kobuchopho nokuthi ukwakheka nokusebenza kobuchopho babantu abanomlutha kwehluke kanjani ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho babantu abangenayo imilutha. Ikhuluma ngemijikelezo yomvuzo ebuchosheni nakwizifunda ezihlobene nayo, kepha ukugcizelela akukho kwimivuzo yangaphandle esebenza ohlelweni lomvuzo. Ukudla nokuziphatha kocansi nokuziphatha kokugembula kungahlotshaniswa "nokuphishekela imivuzo ngokweqile" okuchazwe kule ncazelo entsha yokulutha.

UMBUZO: Ubani onomlutha wokudla noma umlutha wezocansi?

IMPENDULO: Sonke sinemijikelezo yomvuzo wobuchopho eyenza ukudla nezocansi kuzuzise. Eqinisweni, le yindlela yokusinda. Ebuchosheni obunempilo, le mivuzo inezindlela zokuphendula ngokusutha noma 'ngokwanele.' Kumuntu onomlutha, izifunda azisebenzi kahle kangangokuba umyalezo oya kulowo muntu ube 'ngaphezulu', okuholela ekuphishekeleni ngokweqile imivuzo kanye / noma ukukhululeka ngokusebenzisa izinto nokuziphatha.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Izimangalo ezibekwe kuSlide 18 manje zisekelwa ngokuphelele ngocwaningo. “Ukwesekwa okubuyekeziwe” kweSilayidi 18 kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezine:

  1. Izifundo ze-Neurological kubasebenzisi be-porn kanye "nemilutha yezocansi"
  2. Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi noma ukubuyekezwa okulandayo
  3. Izidakamizwa zokuziphatha kanye ne-DSM ne-ICD
  4. Izimangalo ezingasekelwe

Izifundo ze-Neurological kubasebenzisi be-porn kanye "nemilutha yezocansi":

Ukubuyekezwa okuphawulekayo nguMqondisi weNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) UGeorge F. Koob, kanye nomqondisi weNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Nora D. Volkow, ishicilelwe ku I-New England Journal of Medicine: Izinzuzo ze-Neurobiologic ezivela kwi-Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016). ” Leli phepha lichaza izinguquko ezinkulu zobuchopho ezithintekayo kuzo zombili izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ngenkathi zibeka esigabeni sayo sokuqala ukuthi kukhona ukulutha kocansi:

"Siphetha ngokuthi i-neuroscience iyaqhubeka isekela uhlobo lwesifo sobuchopho. Ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience kule ndawo alugcini nje ngokunikeza amathuba amasha okuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezidakayo kanye nezidakamizwa eziphathelene nokuziphatha (isib. Ekudleni, sex, nokugembula) .... "

Iphepha leVolkow neKoob lichaze ushintsho lobuchopho obuthulwe kuSlide 18 (ukuzwela, ukungafuneki, izifunda ze-prefrontal ezingasebenzi), kanye neyesine - uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi. Kusukela ngo-Mashi, i-2012, ucwaningo oluningi lwezinzwa kwabasebenzisi be-porn kanye nezilonda zobulili be-porn lushicilelwe. Zonke lezi zinguquko ezine zobuchopho ziye zabonakala phakathi Ucwaningo olususelwa ku-40 lwe-neuroscience on abasebenzisi be-porn abasha kanye nabamlutha kwezocansi:

  • Izifundo zokubika ukuzwela noma cue-reactivity kwabasebenzisi porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.
  • Izifundo zokubika ukungafuneki noma ukujwayela abasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • Izifundo zibika ukusebenza komsebenzi ompofu (ubuzenzisi) noma ishintshwe umsebenzi wokuzithandela kubasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.
  • Izifundo ezibonisa a uhlelo lokucindezeleka olungasebenzi kubasebenzisi be-porn / izidakamizwa zocansi: 1, 2, 3.

Ucwaningo ngalunye lwezinzwa luqukethe incazelo noma i-excerpt kanye nezinhlu zeziphi izinguquko zobuciko obuhlobene nobudakamizwa be-4 ezibalwe ukuthi lokho okutholakele kuvunyelwe (Ngifake izifundo ezi-3 ezishicilelwe ngaphambi kuka-2012):

1) Ukuphenya okuQaphelweni kwe-Impulsive and Neuroanatomical Characteristics of Compulsive Sexual behavior (2009) - [i-circuit preferenceal circuits / umsebenzi ompofu] - Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI olubandakanya izidakamizwa ikakhulukazi zocansi. Ukucwaninga kubika ukuziphatha okungaqondakali emisebenzini ye-Go-NoGo kuma-addicts ocansini (abesilisa ocansini) uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli bokulawula. Ama-Brain scans wembula ukuthi izidakamizwa zobulili zazihlehlisile udaba lwe-prefrontal cortex uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Okucaphuno:

Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezibalwe ngenhla, iziguli ze-CSB zibuye zibonise ukungathandeki okukhulu emsebenzini wokuziphatha, i-Go-No Go inqubo.

Imiphumela ibuye ikhombise ukuthi iziguli ze-CSB zikhombisa isifunda esiphakeme kakhulu esiphezulu se-frontal sisho ukungafani (MD) kunokulawula. Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganyelwene kuboniswe ubudlelwane obubalulekile phakathi kokungalingani kanye nendawo engaphansi kwe-anisotrophy ye-fractional (FA) ne-MD, kodwa ayikho inhlangano enezilinganiso eziphakeme ezisesifundazwe. Ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kuboniswe ubudlelwane obubi obuphakathi kwe-frontal lobe MD kanye ne-compulsive behavior behavior inventory.

2) Ukungezwani okubikwayo ngokuzikhandla kwezinyathelo zokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokuziphatha kocansi phakathi kwesimuli nesiguli samadoda (2010) - [umsebenzi ompofu omningi] - Isiqephu:

Iziguli ezifuna usizo ekuziphatheni kwe-hypersexual zivame ukukhombisa izici zokungacabangi, ukuqina kwengqondo, ukwahlulela okungafanele, ukwehluleka kokulawulwa kwemizwelo, nokukhathazeka ngokweqile ngocansi. Ezinye zalezi zici zivamile nasezigulini ezethula ngezifo zemizwa ezihambisana nokungasebenzi okuphezulu. Lokhu okubonile kuholele ekuphenyweni kwamanje kokwehluka phakathi kweqembu leziguli ezi-hypersexual (n = 87) nesampula somphakathi esingeyona eye-hypersexual (n = 92) yamadoda asebenzisa i-Behaeve Rating Inventory ye-Executive Function-Adult Version Ukuziphatha kwe-Hypersexual kuhlobene kahle ngama-indices womhlaba wonke wokungasebenzi okuphezulu kanye nokuxhaswa okuningana kwe-BRIEF-A. Lokhu okutholakele kunikeza ubufakazi bokuqala bokusekela umbono wokuthi ukungasebenzi okuphezulu kungabandakanyeka ekuziphatheni kwe-hypersexual.

3) Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ku-intanethi: Indima Yokulinganisa Ngokwezocansi kanye Nezimo Zengqondo-I-Psychiatric for Ukusebenzisa I-Internet Sites Sites Ngokuphambene (2011) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu kanye nomsebenzi ompofu] - Isiqephu:

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinkinga ezibikwa ngokuzimela ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi zabikezelwa ukulinganisa okuhloswe ngokobulili okubonakalayo kwezinto ezibucayi, ukuqina okukhulu kwezimpawu zengqondo, kanye nenani lezinhlelo zobulili ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlala kumasayithi ezocansi e-Internet ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ngenkathi isikhathi esichithwa kumasayithi ezocansi e-intanethi (amaminithi ngosuku) asizange ibambe iqhaza ekuchazeni ukuhlukahluka kwinqephu ye-IATsex. Sibona ukufana okukhona phakathi kwezinqubo zokucabangela nezengqondo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekulondolozeni ucansi lwe-inthanethi ngokweqile nalabo abachazwe kubantu abancike ngokweqile.

4) Isithombe se-Pornographic Ukucubungula ama-interferes ngokusebenza komsebenzi wokukhumbula (i-2013) [izifiso ezinkulu / ukugqugquzela kanye nomsebenzi ophethwe kabi] - Isiqephu:

Abanye abantu babika izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi ngemuva kokubandakanyeka kobulili e-intanethi, njengokulala okulahlekile nokukhohlwa ukuqashwa, okuhlobene nemiphumela emibi yokuphila. Enye indlela engase iholele kulezi zinhlobo zinkinga ukuthi ukuvota ngokocansi ngesikhathi sezocansi kwi-intanethi kungaphazamisa umthamo wokusebenza (WM), okwenza kube khona ukunganakwa kolwazi olumayelana nemvelo ngakho-ke ukuzenza izinqumo ezingalungile. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-WM iyingozi kakhulu esimweni sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile komsebenzi we-4 emuva uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zesithombe ezisele ezisele. Okutholakele kuxoxwa mayelana nokulutha kwe-intanethi ngoba ukuphazamiseka kwe-WM ngemigomo ehlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa kuyaziwa ngokusuka kwezidakamizwa.

5) Ama-Interferes Okucubungula Ngesithombe Sobulili Ngokwenza Izinqumo Ngaphansi Kokunganaki (2013) [izifiso ezinkulu / ukugqugquzela kanye nomsebenzi ophethwe kabi] - Isiqephu:

Ukusebenza kwezinqumo kwakubi nakakhulu lapho izithombe zobulili zihlotshaniswa nekhadi eliyingozi ekuqhathaniswa nokusebenza lapho izithombe zobulili zixhunyaniswa nezinsika ezizuzayo. Ukuvusa okucatshangelwayo ngokobulili kuhlolisisa ubuhlobo phakathi komsebenzi womsebenzi kanye nokusebenza kwezinqumo. Lolu cwaningo lugcizelele ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kuphazamise ukwenziwa kwezinqumo, okungase kuchaze ukuthi kungani abanye abantu behlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ekuhloleni kokusebenzisa i-inthanethi.

6) Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber: Ukuvuswa kobulili okuhlangenwe nakho lapho ubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi hhayi ngokoqobo-oxhumana nabo ngokocansi benza umehluko (2013) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu kanye nomsebenzi ompofu] - Isiqephu:

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi nokufisa ukubhekwa kobulili be-intanethi ukuthambekela okubikezelwe ekubhekaneni nokuxilongwa kwe-inthanethi ocansini ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuboniswe ukuthi abasebenzisi be-inthanethi bezinkinga zokuxoxa nge-inthanethi babika ukuvusa okukhulu kocansi nokufuna ukusabela okubangelwa isethulo se-pornography. Kuzo zombili izifundo, inamba kanye nekhwalithi exhumana nabo ngokoqobo ngokobulili ayengahlotshaniswa nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi. Imiphumela isekela ukuxhaswa kwezinto zokuzithokozisa, okuqala ukuqinisa, ukufunda izindlela, nokufisa ukuba yizinqubo ezifanele ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcinweni kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex. Okubi noma okungaqiniseki koxhumana nabo ngokoqobo ngokobulili abakwazi ukuchaza ngokugcwele ukulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi.

7) Isifiso socansi, hhayi ubulili obufanayo, sihlobene Nezimpendulo Ze-Neurophysiological Ezihlotshiswe Izithombe Zezocansi (2013) - [i-cue-reactivity enkulu ehlotshaniswa nesifiso esincane sezocansi: ukuzwela nokujwayela] -Lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG lwenziwa kumaphephandaba njengobufakazi ngokumelene ukuba khona komlutha wezocansi / ucansi. Akunjalo. Steele et al. empeleni ukhombisa ukusekelwa kokubili umlutha wezocansi kanye nokusebenzisa i-porn ekulawuleni phansi isifiso socansi. Kanjani? Ucwaningo lubike ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme (ngokuhlobene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi) lapho izihloko zivezwa kancane ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile. Izifundo zibonisa njalo ukuthi i-P300 ephakeme kwenzeka uma izilonda zivezwa ezinkomba (ezifana nezithombe) ezihlobene nokulutha kwayo.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yeziphambeko zokwenza okutholakalayo akungabazeki: i-1) isifundo asikho iqembu lokulawula ukuqhathanisa; Izihloko ze-2) zazingavamile (abesilisa, abesifazane, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane); Izihloko ze-3) azizange zihlolwe izifo zengqondo noma izidakamizwa; I-4) le mibuzo yayingavumelekile ngenxa yokulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-porn.

Ngokuhambisana ne Ucwaningo lweCambridge University luhlola izinhlelo, lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG lubuye lwabika ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kwe-porn kuyahambisana Ngaphansi isifiso socansi lozakwethu. Ukukubeka ngenye indlela - abantu abanobuchopho obukhulu obusebenza ku-porn bangathanda ukushaya indlwabu ku-porn kunokuba baye ocansini nomuntu wangempela. Kuyamangaza ukuthi umkhulumeli wocwaningo uNicole Prause uthe abasebenzisi bezocansi bamane “bane-libido ephezulu,” nokho imiphumela yocwaningo ithi. okuphambene ngqo (izifiso zezifundo zocansi oluhlukanisiwe zazilahla maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi). Amaphepha ayisithupha abuyekezwe ngontanga achaza iqiniso: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Futhi bheka i I-YBOP enkulu ihlaziya.

8) Ukwakhiwa kobuchopho nokuxhumana okusebenzayo Okuhlangene Nezingcolile Ukusetshenziswa: I-Brain on Porn (2014) - [ukuxoshwa, ukujwayeleka, kanye nezifunda ezithintekayo ezingasetshenzisiwe]. Lolu cwaningo lwe-Max Planck Institute lwama-fMRI lubike ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-3 kwezinzwa ze-1 kuqhathaniswa namazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa kocansi: (2) inkinga encane yomshini wokuvuza umvuzo (i-dorsal striatum), (3) ukuvuselela okuncane komjikelezo wesifunda ngenkathi ubuka kancane ukuxhumana kwezithombe zocansi, (3) phakathi kwe-dorsal striatum ne-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Abacwaningi bahumusha ukutholakala kwe-XNUMX njengombonakaliso wemiphumela ye-exposure ye-porn-yesikhathi eside. Uthe isifundo,

Lokhu kuvumelana ne-hypothesis ukuthi ukuvezwa okukhulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuholela ekulawuleni phansi phansi kwemibono ye-neural yemvelo kwisenzo sobulili.

Lapho echaza ukuxhumana okumpofu okusebenza phakathi kwe-PFC kanye ne-striatum isifundo sathi,

Ukungasebenzi kwalesi sigaba kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokukhetha okungalungile kokuziphatha, njengokufuna izidakamizwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungaba nomphumela omubi ongenakho

Umbhali oholayo USimone Kühn uphawula ku-athikili mayelana nokuthola okushiwo:

Sicabanga ukuthi izihloko ezinezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ezingcolile zidinga ukukhuthazwa okwandayo ukuze zithole isilinganiso esifanayo somvuzo. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokweqile kudonsa uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo. Lokho kungafanelana ngokuphelele ne-hypothesis ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zomvuzo zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo.

9) Ama-Neural Correlates e-Sexual Cue Reactivity kuNobuntu abangenazo ngaphandle kokucindezela ngokocansi (2014) - [ukuzwela / ukucubungula-ukubuyisela kanye nokukhishwa kwesisusa] Okokuqala ochungechungeni lwezifundo zeCambridge University bathole uhlobo olufanayo lomsebenzi wezobuchopho eziluthayo (izihloko ze-CSB) njengoba kuboniswa izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa - ukucubungula okukhulu noma ukuvuselelwa. Umcwaningi oholayo Valerie Voon Wathi:

Kukhona umehluko ocacile emisebenzini yobuchopho phakathi kweziguli ezinokuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokocansi kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezinempilo. Lokhu kungezwani kuveza izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa.

I-Voon et al., I-2014 ithole nokuthi izilonda ezingcolile zihambisana imodeli evumelekile yokulutha yokufuna "it" ngaphezulu, kepha hhayi ukuthanda "it" futhi. Ingcaphuno:

Uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo, izifundo ze-CSB zinezifiso ezingathí sina zobulili noma zifuna kucacile iziqephu futhi zinezici ezinkulu ezifisayo letivusa inkhanuko cues, ngaleyo ndlela kubonisa ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kokufuna nokuthanda

Abacwaningi baphinde babike ukuthi i-60% yezifundo (isilinganiso sobudala: 25) kunzima ukufeza ama-erections / ukuvusa nabalingani bangempela, kodwa kungase kutholakale izilungiselelo zokuzijabulisa nge-porn. Lokhu kubonisa ukuzwela noma ukujwayela. Okucaphuno:

Izihloko ze-CSB zibike ukuthi ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile izinto zokwenza ucansi ngokucacile ... .. okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-libido noma umsebenzi we-erectile wehlelwe ngokuqondile ebuhlotsheni obungokwenyama nabesifazane (nakuba kungekho ebuhlotsheni obubonakalayo ngokobulili) ...

Izihloko ze-CSB uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo ayebhekene nobunzima obunzima ngokuvuswa kobulili futhi ahlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu be-erectile ebuhlotsheni obusondelene nabo obucansi kodwa hhayi ekuziphatheni ngokocansi.

10) Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibhekiswe ocansini kubantu abangenazo ngaphandle kokucindezela ngokocansi (2014) - [ukuzwela / ukucubungula-reactivity] - Isifundo sesibili saseCambridge University. Ingcaphuno:

Ukutholakala kwethu kokuhlaziya okucatshangelwayo ... kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukugqashuka ngokubheka okuthuthukisiwe okubheke ekuhlolisweni kwezidakamizwa ezibhekene nezidakamizwa. Lezi zitholakele zivumelanisa nokutholakala kwamuva kwe-neural reactivity ezichazweni zobulili [eziluthayo ezingcolile] kwinethiwekhi efana nalezo ezithintekayo ezifundweni zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa-futhi zihlinzeke ukwesekwa kokugqugquzela izintshisekelo zokulutha umlutha ezisekelwe ekuphenduleni okungezansi emibonweni yezocansi ku- [ porn addicts]. Lokhu kutholwa kubhekisela ekubonweni kwethu kwamuva ukuthi amavidiyo acacile ngokocansi ahlotshaniswa nomsebenzi omkhulu kwinethiwekhi ye-neural efana neyayibona kwizifundo eziphathelene nezidakamizwa-reactivity. Isifiso esikhulu noma ukufuna kunokuba ukuthanda sasihlotshaniswa nokusebenza kule nethiwekhi ye-neural. Lezi zifundo ndawonye zinikeza ukusekelwa kwenkolelo yokugqugquzela ukukhwabanisa okugxila ekuphenduleni okungahambi kahle kwezocansi kwi-CSB.

11) Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber ​​kubasebenzisi besifazane abangabesilisa ocansini bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kungachazwa ngokucabangela ukuxhaswa (2014) - [izifiso ezinkulu / ukukhuthaza] - Ingcaphuno:

Sihlolisise abasebenzisi be-51 besifazane ne-51 abasebenzisi be-pornography abangabasebenzisi i-intanethi (i-NIPU). Ukusebenzisa imibuzo, sihlolisise ukuqina komlutha wocansi lwe-inthanethi ngokujwayelekile, kanye nokuxhaswa ngokocansi, ukuziphatha okubi kocansi okujwayelekile, nokuqina kwempawu zengqondo. Ukwengeza, i-paradigm yokuhlola, kuhlanganise nokulinganisa okuzithobayo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-100, kanye nezinkomba zokufuna, kwaqhutshwa. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-IPU ilinganise izithombe zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengoba zivusa kakhulu futhi zibike ukulangazelela okukhulu ngenxa yesethulo sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuqhathaniswa ne-NIPU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulangazelela, ukulinganisa ngokocansi kwezithombe, ukuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili, ukuziphatha okubi kobulili nokucindezeleka kwezinkinga ezingokwengqondo kubikezele ukuthambekela kokulutha kwe-inthanethi ku-IPU. Ukuba nobuhlobo, inani loxhumana nabo ngokocansi, ukwaneliseka koxhumana nabo ngokocansi, nokusetshenziswa kocansi lwama-intanethi okusebenzisana akuhloswanga nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi. Le miphumela ihambisana nalabo ababikiwe abesilisa abesilisa ocansini phakathi kwezifundo zangaphambilini. Okutholakele ngokuphathelene nokuvuselela ukuvuswa kocansi, izindlela zokufunda, kanye nendima yokuqaphela ukusebenza kanye nokulangazelela ekuthuthukiseni umlutha we-inthanethi ku-IPU kudingeka kudingidwe.

12) Ubufakazi Bombuso Nokucatshangelwa Kwezingqinamba Ngezici Ezifakazela Ukubhebhetheka Kwesicansi Ngesimo Sokuxilonga Ngomqondo Obukeka Ngokweqile (2014) - [izifiso ezinkulu / ukukhuthaza] - Ingcaphuno:

Imvelo yesimo esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex (CA) kanye nezinqubo zayo zokuthuthukiswa. Umsebenzi wangaphambilini ubonisa ukuthi abanye abantu bangasengozini ku-CA, kuyilapho ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekisayo nokuqaphela ukuthi kubonakala sengathi kuyindlela esemqoka yokuthuthukiswa kwe-CA. Kulesi sifundo, abesilisa abane-155 abangqingili bobulili babhala izithombe ze-100 ezingcolile futhi babonisa ukwanda kwabo kokuvusa ucansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela kwe-CA, ukuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili, nokusetshenziswa kabi kobulili ngokujwayelekile kwahlolwa. Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi kunezici zokungcupheni ku-CA futhi inikeze ubufakazi bendima yokuthokozisa ngokocansi nokubhekana nokusebenza okungafaneleki ekuthuthukiseni i-CA.

13) Ukwazisa, ukubeka isimo kanye nokukhathazeka ngokwemibono yobulili (2015) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu / ukujwayela / ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi] - Esinye isifundo se-fMRI seCambridge University. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezithandwayo ezithandwayo ezenzweni zobulili kanye nezici ezifakiwe ezihambisana nezocansi ezihambisanayo. Kodwa-ke, ubuchopho bezilonda ezingcolile bujwayele ukujwayela izithombe ezithandwayo. Njengoba ukuthanda okungekho okwakungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili, kukholelwa ukuthi ukubheja kocansi kuyadala ukufuna izinto ezintsha ekuzameni ukunqoba ukujwayela kanye nokwehla kwenhlawulo.

Ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) kuhlotshaniswa nokhetho olwenziwe ngcono lwezocansi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula izithombe, kanye nokukhetha okujwayelekile okumele kube khona emibonweni yemigomo yezocansi nezomnotho uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo. Abantu be-CSB nabo babenomsebenzi omkhulu wokuzibophezela ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezithombe zocansi ngokuhambisana nezindleko zemali ngezinga lokujwayele ukuhambisana nokukhetha okuthuthukisiwe ekuveleni kocansi. Indlela yokuziphatha kwezici zobulili ezihlukanisiwe ngokobulili ezikhethwe yizintandokazi ezithandwayo zahlotshaniswa nokukhathazeka kokuqala kwezithombe zocansi. Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu be-CSB banezintandokazi ezingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kocansi okungenzeka zihlangane nokujwayela okukhulu kakhulu nokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa okwenziwe ngezifiso ukuze kubuyekezwe. Ingcaphuno:

Ingcaphuno kusukela ku-press release ehlobene:

Bathola ukuthi uma izidakamizwa zobulili zibuka isithombe esifanayo socansi ngokuphindaphindiwe, uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo abhekana nokwehla okukhulu komsebenzi esifundeni sobuchopho owaziwa ngokuthi i-rorsal anterior cingulate cortex, eyaziwa ukuthi ihileleke ekulindeni imivuzo nokuphendula izenzakalo ezintsha. Lokhu kuhambisana 'nokujwayela', lapho umlutha uthola khona ukuvuselela okufanayo okuncane kakhulu - isibonelo, isiphuzo sekhofi singathola i-caffeine 'buzz' esitokisini sawo sokuqala, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baphuza kakhulu ikhofi, amancane buzz iba.

Lokhu kusebenza okufanayo kwendabuko kwenzeka emadodeni enempilo aboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ividiyo efanayo ye-porn. Kodwa uma bebuka ividiyo entsha, izinga lesithakazelo nokuvusa libuyela ezingeni langempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ukuvimbela ukujwayela, umlutha wezocansi uzodinga ukufundwa njalo kwezithombe ezintsha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukujwayela kungase kuqhubekele ukucinga izithombe zeveli.

"Izinto esizifunayo zisebenza ngokukhethekile emlandweni wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili," kusho uDkt. Voon. "Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela ukubheja ngokocansi endaweni yokuqala futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bajwayele ukubheja ngokweqile kunabanye, kodwa ukubonakala okungapheli kwezithombe zocansi ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi kusiza ukondla umlutha wabo, okwenze kube ngaphezulu futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubaleka. "

14) I-Neural Substrates yesifiso socansi kubantu ngabanye abanezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokweqile (2015) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukugqugquzela kanye nezifunda ezihamba phambili ezingasebenzi] - Lolu cwaningo lwesiKorea lwe-fMRI luchaza ezinye izifundo zobuchopho kubasebenzisi be-porn. Njengesikole saseCambridge University ithole amaphethini okusebenza okucutshungulwa kobuchopho kubantu abahlukunyezwa ngokobulili, okwakuboniswa ngamaphethini omlutha wezidakamizwa. Ngokuvumelana nezifundo eziningana zaseJalimane zathola ukuguqulwa kwe-correx ye-prefrontal ehambisana nezinguquko ezitholakala ezilutha izidakamizwa. Yini okusha ukuthi okutholakele kufanelana namaphethini okusebenza okusetshenziselwa i-prefrontal cortex egcinwe kumilutha yezidakamizwa: Ukuqaphela okukhulu-ukusebenzisana kwezithombe zobulili okwamanje kungavimbela izimpendulo kwezinye izinto ezivame ukuzenza. Ingcaphuno:

Ukutadisha kwethu kuhloswe ukuphenya ama-neural correlates wesifiso socansi nokufanekisana kwemifanekiso ehambisana nemicimbi ehlobene nemicimbi (fMRI) ephathelene nomcimbi. Abantu abangamashumi amabili nantathu abane-PHB kanye ne-22 izilawuli ezinempilo ezifanelwe ubudala ngenkathi bebheka ngokungathí sina imibono yezocansi nokungaxhunyiwe. Izinga lezifundo zezocansi zihlolwe ekuphenduleni isisombululo ngasinye socansi. Ngokuphathelene nezilawuli, abantu abane-PHB bahlangabezana nesifiso socansi esivamile futhi esithuthukisiwe ngenkathi behlaselwa kwisicoco socansi. Ukusebenza okukhulu kwatholakala ku-nucleus ye-caudate, i-lobe ephansi, i-torsmus, ne-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex eqenjini le-PHB kuneqembu elilawulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphethini e-hemodynamic ezindaweni eziqanjwe kuzo ahluke phakathi kwamaqembu. Ngokuhambisana nokufundwa kocwaningo lwe-brain imaging of substance and behavior addiction, abantu abanezici zokuziphatha ze-PHB kanye nesifiso esithuthukisiwe kuboniswe ukusebenza okwenziwe ngokuguquguqukayo ezindaweni eziphambili ze-correx nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-subcortical

15) Ukushintshaniswa Kwezinto Ezinhle Zesikhathi Eside Ngezithombe Zobulili Kubasebenzisi Benkinga Nokulawula Okungahambisani ne- "Porn Addiction" (2015) - [ukujwayela] - Ucwaningo lwesibili lwe-EEG oluvela eqenjini likaPrause. Lolu cwaningo luqhathanise izifundo zango-2013 kusuka ku- Steele et al., 2013 eqenjini elilawulayo langempela (nokho lahlushwa amaphutha endlela efanayo aqanjwe ngenhla). Imiphumela: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli "abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kocansi" babe nakho aphansi izimpendulo zobuchopho ekuvezweni komzuzwana owodwa ezithombeni ze-vanilla porn. Umbhali oholayo uthi le miphumela "debunk umlutha wezocansi." Yikuphi ososayensi abasemthethweni abangathi isifundo sabo sodwa esingalungile senze iphutha insimu yokutadisha kahle?

Eqinisweni, okutholakele Prause et al. I-2015 ihambisane ngokuphelele UKühn noGallinat (2014), okuthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ngaphezulu okuhlobene nokusebenza komcibisholo okungapheli ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-porn ye-vanilla. Ukudumisa et al okutholakele nakho kuhambelana Banca et al. 2015 okuyi- #13 kulolu hlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isifundo se-EEG ithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okukhulu kwabesifazane kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho ku-porn. Ukufundwa okuphansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi izifundo azinaki kangako izithombe. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ababevame ukungazithandi izithombe ze-vanilla porn. Babenesithukuthezi (bejwayele noma bengenasizungu). Bona lokhu I-YBOP enkulu ihlaziya. Amaphepha ayisikhombisa abuyekezwa kontanga avumelana ukuthi lolu cwaningo luthole ngempela ukuxoshwa / ukujwayela kubasebenzisi be-porn abavamile (okuhambisana nokulutha): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

16) I-HPA I-Axis Dysregulation Emadodeni Nge-Disorder Sex Disorder (2015) - [impendulo yokucindezeleka engasebenzi] - Ukutadisha ne-67 abadakamizwa besilisa nobulili kanye nokulawula kwe-39 ubudala. I-Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis ngumdlali oyinhloko ekuphenduleni kwethu kokucindezeleka. Izidakamizwa guqula izijikelezo zokucindezeleka kwengqondo okuholela e-axis ehlulekayo ye-HPA. Lolu cwaningo olumayelana nezidakamizwa zocansi (abesilisa ocansini) lathola izimpendulo zokucindezeleka eziguquguqukayo ezibonisa ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa. Izingcaphuno ezivela ekukhululweni kwezindaba:

Ucwaningo luhilela amadoda e-67 ngengxabano e-hypersexual kanye nokulawulwa okuhambisana kahle kwe-39. Ababambiqhaza baxilongwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual nanoma yikuphi ukungaboni kahle ngokucindezeleka noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane. Abacwaningi babanikeze umthamo ophansi we-dexamethasone kusihlwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka kwabo ngokomzimba, bese ekuseni balinganisa amazinga ama-hormone okucindezeleka i-cortisol ne-ACTH. Bathola ukuthi iziguli ezine-hypersexual disorder zazinamazinga aphezulu ama-hormone anjalo kunama-controls enempilo, umehluko owasala ngisho nangemva kokulawula ukucindezeleka okubambisana nokuhlukunyezwa kwengane.

U-Professor Jokinen uthi: "Umthetho wokucindezeleka u-Aberrant uye waqaphela ngaphambili iziguli ezicindezelekile nezokuzibulala. "Eminyakeni yamuva, kugxile ekubhekiseni ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinhlelo zokucindezeleka komzimba ngezinye izindlela okuthiwa yi-epigenetic, ngamanye amazwi ukuthi izindawo zabo ezingokwengqondo zingathonya kanjani izakhi zofuzo ezilawula lezi zinhlelo." Ngokusho abacwaningi, imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi uhlelo olufanayo lwe-neurobiological olubandakanyeka kwenye uhlobo lokuhlukunyezwa lungasebenza kubantu abane-hypersexual disorder.

17) Ukulawulwa kwe-Prefrontal nokulutha kwe-intanethi: imodeli yezinkolelo nokubukeza okutholakala kwe-neuropsychological kanye neuroimaging (2015) - [izifunda eziphambene nomsebenzi / izinsizakusebenza ezihluphekayo] - Ingcaphuno:

Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, imiphumela evela ekusebenzeni kwe-neuroimaging kanye nezinye izifundo ze-neuropsychological ikhombisa ukuthi ukucubungula-ukwenza kabusha, ukuthanda, nokwenza izinqumo kuyimiqondo ebalulekile yokuqonda ukulutha kwe-Intanethi. Okutholakele ekwehlisweni kolawulo oluphezulu kuyahambisana nokunye okuluthayo kokuziphatha, njengokugembula kwe-pathological. Baphinde bagcizelele ukuhlukaniswa kwalesi simo njengokulutha, ngoba kukhona nokufana okuningana nokutholakele ekuthembekeni kwento. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje ifana nokutholakala ocwaningweni lokuxhomeka kwezinto futhi kugcizelela ama-analogies phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi lwe-inthanethi nokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha.

18) Izihlobo ezingenangqondo ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi: Ukuguqulwa kwe-Test Effective Association kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. (I-2015) - [ukulangazelela okukhulu / ukuzwela] - Ingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukufana phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi lwe-inthanethi nokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa futhi kuphikisana nokuhlukanisa ukulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi njengokulutha kokuziphatha. Ekuthembekeni kwezidakamizwa, izinhlangano ezifakiwe ziyaziwa ukuthi zidlala indima ebalulekile, futhi izinhlangano ezinjalo azifundwanga ngokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi, kuze kube manje. Kulolu cwaningo lokuhlola, abahlanganyeli besilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abangu-128 baqedile i-Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) eguqulwe ngezithombe zocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuziphatha okunenkinga ngokocansi, ukuzwela ekujabuliseni ngokocansi, ukuthambekela ekubhekaneni nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi, nokulangazelela okuzimele ngenxa yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwahlolwa. Imiphumela ikhombisa ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwezinhlangano ezifakiwe zezithombe zocansi ezinemizwelo emihle nokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nokulutha ngocansi lwe-inthanethi, indlela yokuziphatha enenkinga yezocansi, ukuzwela ekuthokozeleni ngokocansi kanye nokulangazelela okuzimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kokuhlolwa okulinganiselwe kuveze ukuthi abantu ababike ukulangazelela okuphezulu futhi bakhombisa ukuzihlanganisa okuhle kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinemizwa emihle, ikakhulukazi ethambekele ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela indima engaba khona yezinhlangano ezinhle ezifakwe ezithombeni ezingcolile ekuthuthukiseni nasekulondolozeni ukulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje ifana nokutholakala ocwaningweni lokuxhomeka kwezinto futhi kugcizelela ama-analogies phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi lwe-inthanethi nokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha.

19) Izimpawu zokulutha kwe-inthanethi ye-inthanethi zingathintwa kokubili okusondelayo nokugwema isifiso sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile: imiphumela evela kwisampula ye-analog yabasebenzisi be-inthanethi ejwayelekile ye-cyber (2015) - [ukulangazelela okukhulu / ukuzwela] - Ingcaphuno:

Ezinye izindlela zibhekisela ekufananeni nokuxhomekeka kwezidakamizwa okuyizinto zokuzama ukugwema / ukugwema izindlela ezibalulekile. Abacwaningi abaningana baye baphikisa ukuthi ngaphakathi kwesinqumo esithinta izidakamizwa, abantu bangase bakhombise ukuthambekela kokuya noma ukugwema isenzo esithinta izidakamizwa. Esifundweni samanje abakwa-123 abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane baqedile indlela yokuVimbela-Ukugwema (AAT; I-Rinck no-Becker, i-2007) iguquliwe ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ngesikhathi ababambiqhaza be-AAT bekufanele baqhubekele inhlamba yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma badonsele kubo ngenjabulo. Ukuzwela ukukhathazeka ngokocansi, ukuziphatha okubi ngokobulili, nokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nokubheja ngocansi kwe-inthanethi kuhlolwe ngemibuzo.

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi abantu abanokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi bavame ukungena noma ukugwema inhlamba yezithombe zocansi. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziya okulinganisiwe kokuhlaziya kwembulwe ukuthi abantu abanezifiso eziphakeme zocansi kanye nokuziphatha okubi kobulili ababonisa ukuthambekela okuphezulu / ukugwema, babike izimpawu eziphakeme zokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi. I-Analogous to dependence properties, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi kokubili ukuthambekela kokuzigwema nokugwema kungadlala indima ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana nokuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili nokuziphatha okubi kobulili kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhulekeleni kwezikhalazo ezizithobayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi nge-inthanethi. Okutholakele kuhlinzeka ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi kufana nokufana kokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi nokuxhomeka kwemithwalo. Ukufana okunjalo kungahle kubuyele ekuqhutshweni kwe-neural efanayo kwe-cybersex- kanye nezici ezihlobene nezidakamizwa.

20) Ukunamathela ezintweni ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile? Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile noma ukunganakwa kwezimo zocansi zocansi esimweni esinabantu abaningi kuhlobene nezibonakaliso zokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi (i-2015) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu nokulawulwa komphathi ompofu] - Ingcaphuno:

Abanye abantu basebenzisa okuqukethwe koxhumene ne-inthanethi, okufana nezindaba zobulili ezingcolile, ngendlela yokulutha, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu empilweni yangasese noma emsebenzini. Enye indlela eholela emiphumeleni engalungile inganciphisa ukulawula okuphezulu kokuqondisa nokuziphatha okungase kudingekile ukuqaphela ukushintshwa komgomo phakathi kokusebenzisa i-inthanethi nokunye imisebenzi kanye nezibopho zokuphila. Ukuze sibhekane nalesi sici, siphenya abahlanganyeli besilisa be-104 abanesiphakamiso esiphezulu se-paradigm ngamasethi amabili: Isethi esisodwa sasinezithombe zabantu, enye isethi yayinezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Kokubili ubeka izithombe kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokwezinqubo ezithile. Umgomo ocacile kwakuwukuba usebenze kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo, ngokushintsha phakathi kwamasethingi nemisebenzi yokuhlelwa ngendlela elinganiselayo.

Sithole ukuthi ukusebenza okulinganiselwe okuncane kule paradigm eningi kakhulu kuhlotshaniswa nokuthambekela okuphezulu ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi. Abantu abanalo mkhuba ngokuvamile basebenzisa ngokweqile noma banganaki ukusebenzela izithombe ezingcolile. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kokulawula okunciphisisiwe ekusebenzeni kwe-multitasking, lapho kubhekene nezinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile, kungaholela ekuziphatheni okungasebenzi kahle kanye nemiphumela emibi ephumela ekulweni kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanokuthambekela ekubhebhethekiseni i-inthanethi kubonakala sengathi banesifiso sokugwema noma ukubhekana nalokhu okushiwo yizocansi, njengoba kuboniswe ezinhlobonhlobo zokugqugquzela umlutha.

21) Imivuzo Yokuhweba Kamuva Yenjabulo Yamanje: Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithombe Ezingcolile Nokuphuza Isaphulelo (2015) - [ukuphatha okuphambene kakhulu: ukuhlolwa kwe-causation] - Okucaphuno:

Isifundo 1: Ababambiqhaza bagcwalise iphepha lemibuzo lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nomsebenzi wokubambezeleka wokubambezeleka ku-Time 1 baphinde babuye futhi emasontweni amane kamuva. Ababambiqhaza ababika ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisezingeni eliphakeme bakhombisile inani eliphakeme lokunciphisa izaphulelo ku-Time 2, elawula isephulelo sokuqala sokulibaziseka. Isifundo 2: Ababambiqhaza abebengavumeli ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babonise isephulelo sokubambezeleka esiphansi kunababambiqhaza ababengadli ukudla abakuthandayo.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zakwa-intanethi ngumvuzo wobulili owenza ukulibaziseka ukuphumula ngokwehlukile kunezinye izinzuzo zemvelo, ngisho nalapho ukusetshenziswa kungacindezeli noma kumlutha. Lolu cwaningo lwenza umnikelo obalulekile, kubonisa ukuthi umphumela uhamba ngaphezu kokuvusa okwesikhashana.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunganikeza ukuzithokozisa okusheshayo ngokocansi kodwa kungaba nemiphumela ehamba phambili futhi ithinte ezinye izizinda zokuphila komuntu, ikakhulukazi ubudlelwane.

Ukutholwa kusikisela ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi ngumvuzo wobulili obangela ukuphuza ukuphumula ngokwehlukile kunezinye izinzuzo zemvelo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphatha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengesimo esiyingqayizivele ekufundiseni, ukuzikhandla, nokufunda izidakamizwa nokusebenzisa lokhu ngokuqondene nokwelashwa komuntu ngamunye kanye nokwabelana.

22) Ukuxhaswa ngokocansi nokubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle Ukunquma ukubhebhetheka ngokocansi ngobulili obuyisilisa (2015) - [ukulangazelela okukhulu / ukuzwela] - Ingcaphuno:

Ukutholakala kwakamuva kuboniswe ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwe-CyberSex Addiction (CA) obuqinile kanye nezinkomba zokuzijabulisa ngokobulili, nokuthi ukubhekana nokuziphatha ngokocansi kuhlobanisa ubuhlobo phakathi kokuzijabulisa ngokocansi kanye nezimpawu ze-CA. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola lokhu kuxoxisana ngesampula samadoda angqingili. Imibuzo ihlolwe izimpawu ze-CA, ukuzwela ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisa isisusa, ukuziphatha okubi kobulili, izimpawu zengqondo, nokuziphatha kocansi empilweni yangempela kanye ne-intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlanganyeli babheka ama-pornography futhi babonisa ukuvuka kwabo ngokocansi ngaphambi nangemva kwevidiyo. Imiphumela yabonisana ngokuqinile phakathi kwezimpawu ze-CA nezinkomba zokuvusa ngocansi nokuzijabulisa ngokobulili, ukubhekana nokuziphatha ngokobulili, nezimpawu zengqondo. I-CA ayihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi futhi isikhathi sokusebenzisa i-intanethi ngesonto lonke. Ukubhekana nokuziphatha ngokocansi kunciphisa kancane ubuhlobo phakathi kokuzijabulisa ngokocansi ne-CA. Imiphumela yalinganiswa nalabo ababikwe abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane besifazane ekufundeni kwangaphambilini futhi baxoxwa ngokulandelana kwemibono ye-CA, efakazela indima yokuqiniswa okuhle nokubi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi.

23) Indima Ye-Neuroinflammation ku-Pathophysiology Ye-Hypersexual Disorder (2016) - [Impendulo yengcindezi engasebenzi kahle nokuvuvukala] - Lolu cwaningo lubike amazinga aphezulu okujikeleza kweTumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) kubantu abayimilutha yezocansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo. Amazinga aphakeme we-TNF (umaka wokuvuvukala) nawo atholakele kubahlukumezi bezidakamizwa nasezilwaneni ezidla izidakamizwa (utshwala, i-heroin, i-meth). Kwakukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwamazinga e-TNF nezikali zokulinganisa ezilinganisa ubungqingili.

24) I-Methylation ye-HPA Axis Izidalwa Ezihlobene Emadodeni Nge-Dispersexual Disorder (2017) - [Impendulo yengcindezi engasebenzi kahle] - Lokhu ukulandelwa kwe- #8 ngenhla okuyinto eyatholakala ukuthi izilonda zocansi zinezinkinga zokucindezeleka ezingasebenzi - ishintsho esikhulu se-neuro-endocrine esibangelwa ukulutha. Ucwaningo lwamanje luthole izinguquko ze-epigenetic kuma-genes eziphambili ekuphenduleni komuntu nokucindezeleka. Ngezinguquko ze-epigenetic, ukulandelana kwe-DNA akushintshiwe (njengoba kwenzeka ngomsindo). Esikhundleni salokho, isakhi sithegiwe futhi inkulumo yayo ivuliwe noma iphansi (ividiyo emfushane echaza i-epigenetics). Izinguquko ze-epigenetic ezibikiwe kulolu cwaningo zenzeke ekusebenzeni kwe-CRF yegeni. CRF i-neurotransmitter nehomoni okushayela ukuziphatha okuluthayo ezifana nezifiso, futhi a umdlali omkhulu ezimweni eziningi zokuhoxiswa ezitholakalayo ngokuphathelene nazo izinto futhi izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, kuhlanganise umlutha wezocansi.

25) Ukuziphatha Ngokweqhaza Ngokwemvelo: I-Prefrontal Ne-Limbic Volume kanye Nokusebenzisana (i-2016) - [Amasekhethi angasebenzi kahle angaphambili kanye nokuzwela] - Lesi isifundo se-fMRI. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo zezihloko ze-CSB (imilutha yezocansi) zikhuphule ivolumu ye-amygdala yesobunxele futhi yehlisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-amygdala ne-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC. Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-amygdala kanye ne-prefrontal cortex ehambelana nokulutha kwezidakamizwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuxhumana okumpofu kunciphisa ukulawula kwe-cortex yangaphambi kokushaywa ngumsebenzisi kokuziphatha okuluthayo. Lolu cwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ubuthi bezidakamizwa bungaholela odabeni olungenampunga futhi ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ivolumu ye-amygdala eziluthweni lwezidakamizwa. I-amygdala isebenza ngokungaguquguquki ngesikhathi sokubukwa kocansi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvezwa kokuqala kokuya ocansini. Mhlawumbe njalo ubulili ubusha nokusesha nokufuna kuholela kumthelela oyingqayizivele ku-amygdala kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zobulili. Ngenye indlela, iminyaka yokulutha kabi kocansi nemiphumela emibi emibi icindezela kakhulu - futhi cUkucindezeleka okungokweqile komphakathi kuhlobene yanda amygdala ivolumu. Study #16 ngenhla wathola ukuthi "izilonda zocansi" zinesimiso sokucindezeleka ngokweqile. Kungenzeka yini ukucindezeleka okungapheli okuhlobene nokulutha kobulili / ngokocansi, kanye nezici ezenza ubulili obuhlukile, kuholele kumthamo omkhulu wama-amygdala? Ingcaphuno:

Iziphumo zethu zamanje ziqokomisa imiqulu ephakeme esifundeni esithintekayo ekubambeni kokugqugquzela nokuxhumeka okuphansi kwesimo sokuphumula kombuso we-prefrontal top-down amanethiwekhi wokulawula okulawulayo. Ukuphazanyiswa kwamanethiwekhi okunjalo kungachaza izindlela zokuziphatha ezingenasiphelo kumvuzo ongakusiza wemvelo noma ukuvuselelwa okuthuthukisiwe kuya emibhalweni eyinhloko yokukhuthaza. Nakuba ukutholakala kwethu kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuqhathanisa nalabo abase-SUD, lezi zithole zingabonisa ukungafani njengokusebenza kwemiphumela ye-neurotoxic yokutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezingapheli. Ubufakazi obusukayo bubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuncike ekutheni kube khona inqubo yokulutha izidakamizwa ngokusekela ikakhulukazi ukugqugquzela izintshisekelo zokugqugquzela. Siye sabonisa ukuthi umsebenzi kule nethiwekhi ye-salience yenziwa ngcono emva kokuchazwa kumazwi ahloniphekile noma okukhethwa ngawo ngokocansi [Brand et al., 2016; USeok noSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014] kanye nokunyanyiswa okuthuthukisiwe [uMechelmans et al., 2014] futhi ufisa okucacile ekuthandweni kocansi kodwa hhayi ngesifiso sobulili esijwayelekile [Brand et al., 2016; Voon et al., 2014]. Ukunakwa okuthuthukisiwe ekukhulumeni kobulili kuhloswe ngokuhlotshaniswa nokuthandwa kwamagama okuziphatha ngokobulili kanjalo kuqinisekisa ubuhlobo phakathi kokubekwa kwesimo socansi nokukhathazeka [Banca et al., 2016]. Lokhu kutholakala komsebenzi othuthukisiwe ohlobene neziqephu zobulili kuhluke kunomphumela (noma isisusa esingenakunqunywa) lapho ukuhlala okuthuthukisiwe, okungenzeka kuhambisana nomqondo wokubekezela, kwandisa okuthandwayo kwenzalo yezocansi (no Ban et al., 2016]. Ngokubonke lokhu okutholakele kusiza ekuqedeni i-neurobiology engezansi ye-CSB eholele ekuqondeni okukhulu kwesifo kanye nokuhlonza izimpawu zokwelapha ezingenzeka.

26) Umsebenzi we-Ventral Striatum Uma Ukubuka Izithombe Ezizikhethela Zobulili Zobulili Kuhlanganiswa Nezibonakaliso Zokulutha Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Inthanethi (2016) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela] - Isifundo se-fMRI saseJalimane. Ukuthola i- #1: Umsebenzi wesikhungo somvuzo (i-ventral striatum) yayiphezulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezikhethiwe. Ukuthola #2: I-Ventral striatum reactivity ehlobene ne-internet yokulutha ubulili. Zombili iziphumo zikhombisa ukuzwela futhi zihambelane ne imodeli yokulutha umlutha. Abalobi basho ukuthi "I-Neural isisekelo sokulutha kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kufaniswa nezinye izidakamizwa." Ingcaphuno:

Uhlobo olulodwa lomlutha we-intanethi lusetshenziswa ngokweqile ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okubhekwa nangokuthi ukubheja kocansi noma i-intanethi ye-Internet. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging lwathola umsebenzi we-ventral striatum lapho ababambiqhaza bebukele isenzo esicacile sobulili uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezingacacile zocansi / ezithandwayo. Manje sithemba ukuthi i-ventral striatum kufanele iphendule izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile eziqhathaniswa nezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile futhi ukuthi umsebenzi we-ventral striatum kulokhu kuqhathaniswa kufanele uhlobaniswe nezibonakaliso ezizithobayo zokulutha kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi. Sifunde abathintekayo abesilisa abane-19 abesilisa abanesithombe sezithombe ezihlanganisa izinto eziphathekayo ezikhethwayo nezingazikhetheli.

Izithombe ezisuka kwisigaba esikhethiwe zilinganisiwe njengokuvusa okunye, okungajabulisi kahle, futhi okuseduze nakakhulu. Impendulo ye-Ventral striatum yayinamandla esimweni esithandwayo kuqhathaniswa nezithombe ezingakhethi. Umsebenzi we-Ventral striatum kule mpikiswano wawuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezizimele ze-Inthanethi zobulili ezingcolile zobulili. Ukuqina kwesifo esibucayi kwakuyiyona kuphela eyabonakalayo ekuhlaziyeni kokunciphisa ngokuphendula okuzenzekelayo njengezimo ezixhomeke ekuxhaseni nasezibonisweni ezibonakalayo zokulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili, ukuzijabulisa ngokobulili, ukuziphatha okuphathelene nokucansi, ukucindezeleka, ukuzwela komuntu siqu, nokuziphatha kocansi ezinsukwini zokugcina njengezibikezelo . Imiphumela isekela indima ye-ventral striatum ekucubunguleni umvuzo wokulindela nokwaneliseka okuxhunywe ekuphathweni kwezinto ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Izindlela zokulindela ukulindela ekutheni i-ventral striatum ingabangela incazelo ye-neural yokuthi kungani abantu abanezintandokazi ezithile nezengqondo zobulili bengengozi yokulahlekelwa ukulawula kwabo ukusetshenziswa kwama-pornography e-intanethi.

27) Isimo esithintekayo sokuzikhukhumeza nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Neural ezifundweni ezinezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokocansi (2016) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukugqugquzela kanye nezifunda zokungasebenzi ezingasebenzi) - Lesi sifundo se-fMRI saseJalimane sichaza iziphumo ezimbili ezibalulekile ezivela I-Voon et al., I-2014 futhi I-Kuhn & Gallinat 2014. Okutholakele Okuyinhloko: I-correlates ye-neural yesimo sokunciphisa nokuxhumeka kwe-neural ishintshiwe eqenjini le-CSB. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, ushintsho lokuqala - ukuvuselelwa kokuqina kwe-amygdala - kungahle kukhombise isimo esisetshenzisiwe ("izintambo" ezinkulu kunkomba zangaphambili ezingathathi hlangothi ezibikezela izithombe ezingcolile). Ushintsho lwesibili - lwehlise ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-ventral striatum ne-prefrontal cortex - kungaba uphawu lokungakwazi ukulawula imizwa. Abaphenyi bathi, “Lezi [zinguquko] zihambisana nezinye izifundo eziphenyisisa ama-neural correlates ezinkinga zokulutha umlutha kanye nokulahlekelwa ukulawula ukucindezeleka. ” Okutholakele kokuvuselelwa okukhulu kwe-amygdalar kuzinkomba (ukuzwela) futhi wehlisa uxhumano phakathi kwesikhungo somvuzo kanye ne-prefrontal cortex (ubuzenzisi) yizinguquko ezimbili zobuchopho obubonakalayo ekudakiseni izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-3 yabasebenzisi be-porn-compulsive i-20 bahlushwa "yi-orgasmic-erection disorder." Ingcaphuno:

Ngokuvamile, ukugcizelela okwenziwe ukwanda komsebenzi we-amygdala kanye nokunciphisa okwenziwe nge-ventral-PFC yokuxhuma kuvumela ukuthi ucabangele nge-etiology nokuphathwa kwe-CSB. Izihloko ze-CSB zibonakala zijwayele ukuhlela ubudlelwane phakathi kwamacebo angathathi hlangothi kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha eziphathelene nobulili. Ngakho-ke, lezi zihloko cishe zingase zihlangane nezici ezenza ukuziphatha okusondelayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kuholela ku-CSB noma kungumphumela we-CSB kumele uphendulwe ngokucwaninga kusasa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zokulawulwa kwezimo eziphuthemayo, ezibonakala ekunciphiseni ukuqhutshwa kwe-prefrontal ye-ventral, zingaphinde zisekele ukugcinwa kokuziphatha okunenkinga.

28) Ukuphoqeleka Kusetshenziselwa Ukusetshenziswa Okungalungile Kwemithi Yezidakamizwa Nezidakamizwa (2016) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela, izimpendulo ezenziwe ngcono] - Ucwaningo lwe-Cambridge University lwe-fMRI luqhathanisa izici zokucindezela kwezidakamizwa, izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa zegeyimu yevidiyo kanye nezidakamizwa ze-porn (CSB). Okucaphuno:

Ngokungafani nezinye izinkinga, i-CSB uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HV ibonise ukuthengwa okusheshayo emiphumeleni yokuvuza kanye nokukhuthazela okukhulu esimweni somvuzo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani. Izihloko ze-CSB azibonanga noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka okuqondile ekusetshenzisweni kokuguquguquka noma kokuguqula. Lokhu okutholakele kuguqulwa ngezinzuzo zethu zangaphambilini zokuzikhethela okuthuthukisiwe okwenziwe ngemiphumela yocansi noma yemali, jikelele ekhombisa ukuzwela okuthuthukisiwe ukuvuza (I-Banca et al., 2016). Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo olusebenzisa imivuzo ebonakalayo luboniswa.

29) Ukufuna Ukuzikhethela Kokuzilibazisa Nokufunda Okuqhathanisa Ukubikezela Izindlela Zokubhekana Nokulutha Kwesicansini Nge-Cyber ​​Esikhathini Sesibonelo Sabantu Abasebenzisa I-Cyber ​​Ngaphakathi Yonke (2016) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela, izimpendulo ezithuthukisiwe] - Lolu cwaningo oluyingqayizivele lubeke izihloko ezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambili ezingathathi hlangothi, ezabikezela ukubukeka kwesithombe socansi. Okucaphuno:

Akukho ukuvumelana mayelana nenqubo yokuxilongwa yokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber. Ezinye zilandela ukulinganisa okufana nokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa, lapho ukufunda okuhlanganisayo kuyindlela ebalulekile. Kulolu cwaningo, amadoda e-86 angqingili abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa agcwalise i-Standard Pavlovian kuya ku-Instrumental Transfer Task eguquliwe ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze uphenye ukufunda okuhlanganyelwe ekuluthweni kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber. Ukwengeza, ukufuna ukuzithoba ngenxa yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuthambekela ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi kuhlolwe. Imiphumela yabonisa umphumela wokufisa ukuzithoba ekuthambekeni kokukhwabanisa ngocansi lwe-inthanethi, okuhlolwe ukufundiswa kokuhlanganyela. Ngokuvamile, lokhu okutholakele kubhekisela endimeni ebalulekile yokufunda okuhlanganyelwe ekuthuthukiseni ukubheja kocansi lwe-inthanethi, ngenkathi inikeza ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi kufana nokulingana kwezidakamizwa nokuxilonga kwe-inthanethi. Ngamafuphi, imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje lisikisela ukuthi ukufunda okubambisana kungadlala indima ebalulekile ngokuthuthukiswa kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cybersex. Okutholakele kwethu kunikeza ubufakazi obengeziwe bokufana okukhona phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngoxhumo lwe-inthanethi kanye nokuxhomeka kwemithwalo ngoba izimpikiswano zokufuna ukuzithoba kanye nokufunda okuhlangene kubonisiwe.

30) Ukuhlola Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokuphoqeleka Ngokocansi nokukhathazeka Ngamazwi Ahlobene Nezocansi Eqoqweni Labantu Abasebenza Ngocansi (2017) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela, ukuhlenga izinhloso] - Lesi sifundo sichaza okutholakele lolu cwaningo lwe-2014 Cambridge University, okuqhathanisa ukubandlulula kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile ekulawuleni okunempilo. Nakhu okusha: Ucwaningo luhlobanise “iminyaka yokusebenza kocansi” ne-1) izikolo zokulutha ngokocansi kanye ne-2) imiphumela yomsebenzi wokubhekela ukunakekelwa. Phakathi kwalabo ababheka kakhulu ukulutha kocansi, bambalwa iminyaka yokuzibandakanya ngokobulili yayihlobene okukhulu ukukhathalela (incazelo yokukhathalela). Ngakho ukuphoqeleka kobulili okuphakeme kunomlando + iminyaka embalwa yokwaziswa ngokocansi = izimpawu ezinkulu zokulutha (ukukhathazeka okukhulu, noma ukuphazanyiswa). Kodwa ukukhathazeka kokungacabangi kunciphisa kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaphoqelela, futhi kuyanyamalala enani eliphezulu kakhulu leminyaka yezocansi. Abalobi baphetha ngokuthi lo mphumela ungabonisa ukuthi iminyaka engaphezulu "yokucindezela ukwenza ucansi" iholela ekuziphatheni okukhulu noma ukuphazamiseka okujwayelekile kwempendulo yokuzijabulisa (ukufunwa kwenhloso). Isiqephu esivela esiphethweni:

Enye incazelo engaba yile miphumela yukuthi njengoba umuntu ocindezelekile ngokocansi enza isenzo sokucindezela ngaphezulu, ithempulethi yokuvusa ehambisanayo iqala [36-38] nokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuziphatha okuphambene kakhulu kuyadingeka ukuze kube nesimo esifanayo sokuvusa. Kuphinde kuthiwa ukuthi njengoba umuntu eqhuba ngokuziphatha okucindezelayo, ama-neuropathways ahlaziywa eminye imicikilisho ethi 'evamile' yesithombe socansi noma izithombe nabantu ngabanye baphendukela eminye imiqondo ethi 'eyedlulele' ukuze baqaphele ukuvusa okufisayo. Lokhu kuhambelana nomsebenzi obonisa ukuthi abesilisa 'abanempilo' bajwayele ukushicilelwa isikhathi esithile futhi ukuthi lo mkhuba ubonakala ngokunciphisa izimpendulo zokuvusa kanye nokuziphendulela [39]. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abanye abaqashile ngokocansi, abahlanganyeli ngokocansi sebebe 'bangenalutho' noma abangenandaba namazwi 'ajwayelekile' ahlobene nocansi asetshenziselwa isifundo samanje futhi ukubonisa lokho kunciphise ukungabi nandaba, kuyilapho labo abanomthwalo wokunyuka nokuzivocavoca okwenyuka kancane babonisa ukuphazamiseka ngoba le nkinga ibonisa ukuqonda okuqinisekisiwe kakhudlwana

31) Imodi iyashintsha ngemva kokubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet zixhunyaniswa nezimpawu ze-Inthanethi-izithombe zobulili ezingcolile-ukubhekwa kwezifo (2016) - [ukuthanda / ukukhushulwa okukhulu, ukungathandi kancane] - Amakhombandlela:

Imiphumela eyinhloko yocwaningo yukuthi ukuthambekela ekubhekaneni ne-Internet Pornography Disorder (IPD) kwakuhlotshaniswa kabi nokuzizwa kahle, ukuvuka, nokuzola kanye nokuqiniseka ngokucindezeleka okubonakalayo empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nesisusa sokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngokufuna ukujabulisa nokugwema imizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela kwe-IPD kwakuhlobene kabi nemizwa ngaphambi nangemva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi kanye nokwanda kwangempela kwemizwa emihle nezolile. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthambekela kwe-IPD nenjabulo efuna ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-Intanethi-ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlolwe ngokuhlolwa kokweneliseka kwe-orgasm. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela yocwaningo ihambisana nombono wokuthi i-IPD ixhunyaniswe nesisusa sokuthola ukwaneliseka ngokocansi nokugwema noma ukubhekana nemizwa ephikisayo kanye nokucabanga ukuthi ukuguquka kwemizwelo kulandela ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuxhunyaniswe ne-IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 futhi I-Laier neBrith, i-2014).

32) Ukuziphatha kocansi okunenkinga kubantu abadala: Izinhlangano eziguquguqukayo zomtholampilo, zokuziphatha, kanye ne-neurocognitive (2016) - [ukusebenza okusebenzayo okunamandla] - Abantu abanezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (PSB) babonisa ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokuqonda. Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi uhluphekile ukusebenza okuphezulu (ukungalungi) okuyinto a isici esiyinhloko sobuchopho esivela ezilutha izidakamizwa. Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa:

Omunye umphumela ophawulekayo kulokhu kuhlaziywa ukuthi i-PSB ibonisa izinhlangano ezibalulekile eziningana zezici ezingemtholampilo, okubandakanya ukuzethemba okuphansi, ukunciphisa izinga lokuphila, i-BMI ephakanyisiwe, kanye namazinga aphezulu okunciphisa izinkinga eziningana ...

... kungenzeka ukuthi izici zemitholampilo ezikhonjisiwe eqenjini le-PSB empeleni ziwumphumela wokuguquguquka kwezemfundo ephakeme okuholela kokubili kwe-PSB nezinye izici zomtholampilo. Esinye isici esingaba khona sokugcwalisa le ndima kungaba yizinkinga ezingenasici ezitholakala eqenjini le-PSB, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nokukhumbula, ukusebenza komfutho / ukulawula umfutho nokuthatha izinqumo. Kusukela kulesi sakhiwo, kungenzeka ukulandelela izinkinga ezibonakalayo kwi-PSB nakwezinye izici zomtholampilo, njengokungaboni kahle ngokomzwelo, ekulahlekeni okungokwengqondo ...

Uma izinkinga zokuzicabangela ezivezwe kulokhu kuhlaziywa empeleni ziyisici esiyinhloko se-PSB, lokhu kungase kube nemiphumela ephawulekayo emitholampilo.

33) Ukusebenza Okusebenzayo Kwamadoda Okucindezela Ngokwecansi Nokungaxilisi Ngaphambi Kokubuka Nokubukela Ividiyo Ye-Erotic (2017) - [ukusebenza okungenamandla, ukukhathazeka okukhulu / ukugqugquzela okukhulu] - Ukuvezwa kwesigungu esithintekayo se-porn esebenza emadodeni 'anezimo zokuziphatha ezicindezelayo,' kodwa hhayi ukulawula okunempilo. Isikhulu esiphezulu sokusebenza uma sibhekene nezigcawu ezihlobene nokulutha umlutha kuyimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa (okubonisa kokubili zashintsha izifunda ze-prefrontal futhi ukuzwela). Okucaphuno:

Lokhu kutholakala kubonisa ukuguquguquka okungcono kwengqondo emva kokugqugquzela ngokobulili ngokulawulwa uma kuqhathaniswa nabathintekayo ngokocansi. Lezi zesekelo zisekela umqondo wokuthi amadoda abesilisa ocansini akufanele asebenzise ngokunenzuzo umphumela wokufunda ongakuthola ohlangothini, okungabangela ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha okungcono. Lokhu kungase kuqondwe njengokuntuleka komphumela wokufunda yiqembu eliphoqeleka ngokocansi lapho bevuselelwa ngokocansi, okufana nalokho okwenzekayo emjikelezweni wokulutha ngokocansi, okuqala ngezinga elikhulayo lokuqashelwa ngokocansi, okulandelwa ukuqaliswa kobulili izikripthi bese i-orgasm, ngokuvamile ihilela ukuchayeka ezimweni eziyingozi.

34) Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zingaba Umlutha? Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI lwabantu abafuna ukwelashwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili Sebenzisa (2017) - [ukucubungula okukhulu / ukuvuselela, izimpendulo ezenziwe ngcono] - Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI olubandakanya i-paradigm eyayiyingqayizivele yokuzimela lapho izimo zangaphambili ezingathathi hlangothi zazibikezela ukubukeka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Okucaphuno:

Amadoda asebenzisa nokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile nge-porn (PPU) ahluke ekuphenduleni kobuchopho ukuze aqaphele ukubikezela izithombe ezithandayo, kodwa hhayi ekuphenduleni izithombe ezibucayi ngokwabo, ezihambisana isisusa somqondo wokudakwa. Lokhu kusetshenzwa kobuchopho kwakuhambisana nokugqugquzela kokuziphatha okukhulayo ukubuka izithombe ezithandanayo (ukufuna 'okuphakeme' okuphakeme). Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Ventral okubulalayo kwezingcaphuno zokubikezela izithombe ezithinta izithombe kwakuhlobene kakhulu nobukhulu be-PPU, inani lezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ngesonto kanye nenani lamakhompiyutha. Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi njengezinto ezisetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokugembula kuphazamisa izindlela ze-neural and behavioral ezihlobene nokucubungula ukucubungula kwamaphuzu ezihlobene ngokubaluleka kwizici ezifanele emitholampilo ye-PPU. Lokhu kutholakala kusikisela ukuthi i-PPU ingase imele ukulutha kokuziphatha futhi ukuthi ukungenelela okuwusizo ekubhekiseni ukulutha kwezidakamizwa kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kufanele kuhlolwe ukujwayela nokusetshenziswa ekusizeni amadoda ane-PPU.

35) Izinyathelo Eziqaphelayo Nezingezona Zenhliziyo Yokuzizwa: Ingabe Ziyakhathaza Ngokuvame Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingcolile? (I-2017) - [ukujwayela noma ukungafuni ukuzwa] - Ucwaningo luhlolisise izimpendulo zabasebenzisi be-porn (ukufundwa kwe-EEG & Impendulo ye-Startle) ezithombeni ezahlukahlukene ezikhuthaza imizwelo - kufaka phakathi i-erotica. Ucwaningo luthole umehluko omkhulu wezinzwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisa imvamisa ephansi kanye nabasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu. Izingcaphuno:

Okutholakisayo kusikisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubonakala sengathi kunethonya ekuphenduleni okungenakuqaphela kobuchopho ekucindezelweni kwemizwelo engaboniswa yi-self-report ecacile.

I-4.1. Ukulinganisa okucacile: Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iqembu eliphezulu lokusebenzisa i-porn lilinganise izithombe ezibukeka sengathi zingathandeki ngaphezu kweqembu eliphakathi. Abalobi basikisela ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yemvelo efana ne "soft-core" yezithombe "ezibukeka" eziqukethwe ku-database ye-IAPS ngaphandle kokunikeza izinga lokuvuselela okungase lifune, njengoba liboniswe nguHarper noHodgins [58] ukuthi ngokubukwa njalo kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile, abantu abaningi bavame ukuqhubekela phambili ekubukeni izinto eziqinile ukuze balondoloze izinga elifanayo lokuvukela umzimba. Isigaba esithi "esimnandi" sinezilinganiso ze-valence yizo zonke amaqembu amathathu okufanele afane nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokusebenzisa iqembu njengezithombe njengento engavamile kakhulu kunamanye amaqembu. Lokhu kungabuye kube ngenxa yemifanekiso "enhle" evezwe engabakhuthazi ngokwanele kubantu abasebenzisa iqembu eliphezulu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukulawulwa kwemvelo ekusetshenzisweni kokuqukethwe okuphazamisayo ngenxa yemiphumela yokuhlala kubantu abavame ukufuna ukwaziswa kocansi [3, 7, 8]. Kuyizingxabano zabalobi ukuthi lo mphumela ungaba nemiphumela yemiphumela ebonwe.

I-4.3. I-Startle Reflex Modulation (SRM): Isihlobo esiphezulu se-amplitude startle effect esiboniswe emaqenjini asetshenziswayo aphansi nesiphakathi angacaciswa nalabo abaseqembu ngokuzigwema ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, njengoba bengase bakuthole kungabi mnandi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imiphumela etholakalayo ingase ibe ngenxa yomphumela wokuhlala, lapho abantu kula maqembu bebukela izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphezu kwalokho abakusho ngokucacile-mhlawumbe ngenxa yezizathu zokwenza amahloni phakathi kwabanye, njengoba imiphumela yokujwayela iboniswe ukwandisa amehlo e-lookle aphikisana nezimpendulo [41, 42].

36) Ukuvezwa kwe-Stimuli yezocansi kudonsa ukukhuphula okuphezulu okuholela ekubandakanyekeni okuqhubekayo ku-Cyber ​​Delinquency phakathi kwamadoda (2017) - Ukuzikhandla okukhulu okusebenzayo, ukukhishwa okukhulu komzimba - ukuhlolwa kokucubungula] - Ezifundweni ezimbili ezivezwa ezenzweni zobulili ezibukwayo ziholela ku: 1) ukukhushulwa okukhulu kokubambezeleka (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuthokoza), i-2) ukuthambekela okukhulu kokubandakanya ukuhlukumezeka kwe-cyber, i-3) ngaphezulu ukuthambekela kokuthenga izimpahla ezingekho emthethweni futhi uhlasele i-akhawunti yomuntu we-Facebook. Ukuhlanganiswa lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuyandisa ukwanda futhi kunganciphisa imisebenzi ethile yokuphatha (ukuzithiba, ukwahlulela, imiphumela yokubona kwangaphambili, ukulawula ukucindezela). Umbhalo ocacile:

Abantu bavame ukubhekana nesimo socansi ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa i-intanethi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukugqugquzela ukugqugquzela isisusa socansi kungabangela ukungabi nandaba okukhulu kwamadoda, njengoba kuboniswa ekukhishweni kwesikhathi esiningi (okungukuthi, ukuthambekela kokukhetha okuncane, okuzuzayo okusheshayo, okuzayo).

Ekuphetheni, imiphumela yamanje ibonisa ukuhlangana phakathi kocansi (isibonelo, ukuvezwa kwezithombe zabesifazane abashakazi noma izambatho zokuvusa ucansi) kanye nokubandakanyeka kwabantu ekuqhutshweni kwe-cyber. Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi ukungathandeki komuntu nokuzithiba, njengoba kubonakaliswe ukukhipha isaphulelo sesikhathi, kungase kuvele ukwehluleka ekubhekaneni nesimo sobulili obukhona. Amadoda angase azuze ekuqapheliseni ukuthi ukuvezwa kwesenzo socansi kuhlotshaniswa nokukhetha nokuziphatha kwabo okulandelayo. Okutholakele kwethu kusikisela ukuthi ukuhlangabezana nesenzo socansi kungabangela amadoda emgwaqweni we-cyber delinquency

Imiphumela yamanje iphakamisa ukuthi ukutholakala okuphezulu kwezinto eziphathelene nobulili ku-intanethi kungase kuhlotshaniswe eduze nokuziphatha kwe-cyber-delinquent kwamadoda kunalokho okucatshangwa ngaphambilini.

37) Izibikezelo ze-(Okuyinkimbinkimbi) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi Izinto ezicacile ngokocansi: Umphumela Wokukhuthaza Ukuziphatha Ngokwemvelo Nendlela Ecacile Indlela Yokuziphatha Ngokwezinto Ezingcolile (2017) - [cue greater reactivity / ukugqugquzela / ukuthanda] - Amaphuzu:

Ucwaningo lwamanje lucwaninga ukuthi isisusa sobulili nokuziphatha okubonakalayo ekutheni izinto eziphathelene nobulili zikhona yini izibikezelo zokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM enenkinga kanye nesikhathi esisodwa esichithwa ukubuka i-SEM. Esivivinyo sokuziphatha, sasebenzise umsebenzi wokuVimbela ukuVimbela (AAT) wokulinganisa ukuthambekela okuphelele kokuthinta izinto zocansi. Ukubambisana okuhle phakathi kokuthambekela okungahambi kahle kwe-SEM kanye nesikhathi esisodwa esichithwa ekubukeni i-SEM kungachazwa ngemiphumela yokuqaphela: Ukuthambekela okunamandla okungaqondakali kungachazwa njengengqayizivele yokubhekelela i-SEM. Isihloko esinalo ukukhathazeka singase sikhangwe kakhulu ezindabeni zobulili kwi-inthanethi okuholela ekutheni isikhathi esiphezulu sichithwa kumasayithi we-SEM.

Ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva kwezincwadi:

Amaphepha amabili okubuyekezwa kontanga ngezansi inikeza umongo omkhulu wezifundo eziningi zezinzwa ezandulele. Ingqikithi yokuqala evela Park et al., 2016 uchaza ukuthi i-pornography ye-intanethi isebenza kanjani njengento enamandla nokuziqinisa (eziningi zezifundo ezingenhla zikhonjisiwe ngaphakathi):

I-3.3. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi Sebenzisa njenge-Self-Reinforcing Activity

Njengoba uhlelo lokuvuza lukhuthaza izinto eziphilayo ukuba zikhumbule futhi ziphinde ziphinde ziphathe izinto ezibucayi, njengezocansi, ukudla nokuzijabulisa, ukusetshenziswa kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kungase kube umsebenzi wokuziqinisa [95]. Uhlelo lokuvuza lunengozini ekufundeni kwezemvelo [96], ikakhulukazi entsheni, njengengozi enkulu yokulutha umlutha [97, 98] nokusetshenziswa okukhulu esikhathini esizayo "kwezithombe ezingcolile ezingcolile" (isilwane kanye nezingane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile) [99]. Imizila eminingana yocwaningo isiqalile ukucacisa ukungena kwezingxenye ze-neural zokufunda ngokocansi nokulutha [100, 101]. Isibonelo, ukuziphatha ngokocansi kanye nezidakamizwa eziluthayo kusebenze izinqola ezifanayo ze-neurons ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezifanayo zomsebenzi wesistimu (NAc, i-basolateral amygdala, indawo yangaphakathi ekhonjiwe)102]. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kukhona okuncane kakhulu okukhona phakathi kweminye imivuzo yemvelo (ukudla, amanzi) nezidakamizwa eziluthayo, njenge-cocaine ne-methamphetamine [102]. Ngakho, ukusebenzisa i-methamphetamine kuhlanganisa izindlela ezifanayo kanye nama-neural substrates njengoba kwenza umvuzo wemvelo wokugqugquzela ngokocansi [103]. Kwesinye isifundo, izidakamizwa ze-cocaine zazicishe zifane namaphethini wokusebenzisa ubuchopho lapho bebukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezihlobene nokulutha kwabo, kodwa amaphethini wokusebenza komqondo lapho ukubukela izigcawu zemvelo kuhluke ngokuphelele [104].

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe ngokocansi kanye nokuphathwa kwe-psychostimulant okuphindaphindiwe kwenza ukulawulwa kwe-Delta FosB, isici sokubhaliselwa okugqugquzela izinguquko eziningana ze-neuroplastic ezenza kube lula uhlelo lwe-mesolimbic dopamine kumsebenzi ombuzo [103]. Kuzo zombili ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziluthayo kanye nomvuzo wezocansi, lo mthethonqubo we-NAc neurons ofanayo uhanjiswa nge-dopamine receptors [103]. Le nqubo yenza i-hyper-ehlushwa yodwa umuntu ukuba ihambisane nomsebenzi (ukukhushulwa komfutho okwenyuka) [105]. Ukuvezwa kwezingqinamba ezihambisanayo kubangela ukufisa ukubandakanya ekuziphatheni (ukwandisa "ukufuna"), futhi kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni okuphoqelekile [106]. Ngokuqhathanisa umvuzo wobulili nezinto zokuhlukunyezwa, abacwaningi Pitchers et al. waphetha ngokuthi, "Imiklomelo yemvelo kanye nezidakamizwa ayiguquki ngendlela efanayo ne-neural, iguqulela emaphethandabeni afanayo, futhi mhlawumbe e-neurons efanayo e-NAc, ukuze ithonye amandla okukhuthaza futhi" okufunayo "kokubili izinhlobo zokuvuza "[103]. Ngokufanayo, ukubuyekezwa kwe-2016 kaKraus, Voon noPotenza kuqinisekisile ukuthi, "Izinqubo ezivamile ze-neurotransmitter zingase zibe nomthelela ekutheni [ukucindezela ukuziphatha ngokobulili] nokuziphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, nokucwaninga kwamanje kwe-neuroimaging kugcizelela ukufana okuhlobene nokufisa nokukhathazeka" [107].

Kuze kube manje, izingozi ezingenakwenzeka ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi aziqondi kahle njengalezo zokuphuza utshwala nokusetshenziswa kogwayi, kanti nokusetshenziswa kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kuvezwa ngokubili njengokuziphatha okuvamile futhi ngokwamukelekile emphakathini [108,109]. Mhlawumbe yingakho abantu bephuza ukuxhuma izithombe zabo zobulili ezingcolile ngokubhekene nezinkinga zabo zocansi. Emva kwakho konke, "Ubani ongaboni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kulezi zinsuku?" Njengomunye we-servicemen wethu wabuza udokotela wakhe. Wabheka ukuqhubeka kwakhe okunenkinga njengokujwayelekile, mhlawumbe ngisho nobufakazi be-libido ephezulu [110]. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ubufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi kwakuyisibonakaliso sezinqubo ezihlobene nokulutha umlutha [31, 52, 54, 73, 86, 107, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122]. Abacwaningi baseFinland bathola "ukuzijabulisa kwabantu abadala" ukuba babe isizathu esivame kakhulu sokusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi [123], nokutadisha isikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-intanethi kwembula ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zingase zibe namandla okuba nomlutha [124], ngokudlala i-Inthanethi kwesibili esilandelayo kokubili izifundo. Kuze kube manje, i-intanethi yokudlala i-intanethi (i-IGD) isetshenziselwe ukuqhubeka nokufunda ku- Incwadi Yokuhlola Nezibalo Zezinkinga Zengqondo (I-DSM-5) [125], kuyilapho ukungaxiliswa kwe-pornography ku-intanethi kungakwenzi. Kodwa-ke, ngokubheka umcwaningi wase-UK uGriffiths, "isisekelo sobuciko somlutha wezocansi sithinteka ngokuhambisana ne-IGD" [73]. Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ezihlukahlukene bacela ukulutha kwe-intanethi ukuba kubonakale njengenkinga ejwayelekile ngezigaba ezithile ezifana nokudlala kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile [118, 126, 127, 128]. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-2015 kuphinde kwaphetha ngokuthi ukubheja kobulili ezingcolile ku-intanethi kufanele kubhekwe njengengxenye encane yokulutha kwe-inthanethi, okuyi-DSM [118].

Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-serviceman yethu yesibili ihlangabezana nemigomo eminingi ehlongozwayo ye-IGD ku-DSM-5, eguqulelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Wabonisa lokhu okulandelayo: (1) ukukhathazeka nge-pornography ye-intanethi; (2) ukulahleka kwesithakazelo kwezocansi nomlingani wakhe wangempela njengomphumela; (3) izimpawu zokuhoxiswa ezifana nokucasula nokucasuka; (4) efuna izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze adlulise imizwa yakhe embi; (5) abakwazi ukuyeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu; futhi (6) ukukhula kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Okucaphuna okuvela Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile, Ukuthakazelisa, Nezocansi: KuHedonic Ukuvuselela Isibonelo Se-Internet Media Use Use (2017), ehlola ukuthi kungani izithombe ze-intanethi zingase ziqiniseke ikakhulukazi:

Hedonic Reinforcement

Esikhathini sesibili salo modeli, sikhombisa ukuthi i-IP isebenza ngokubaluleke kakhulu kwezisusa zobulili ze-hedonic. Nakuba umsebenzi wobulili wanoma yiluphi uhlobo lungase lujabulise ngezinga elithile, i-IP inikeza ithuba lokuhlanganisa inkulumo ethize, elula etholakala kalula, kanye nomvuzo osheshayo ngendlela evulekayo futhi evuzayo kakhulu (isib. Gola et al., I-2016). Imisebenzi eminingi ethandwayo, engezona ezobuciko iye yasikisela okuningi (isib. Foubert, 2016; Wilson, 2014; Struthers, 2009). Ukwengeza, ukubuyekezwa okulinganiselwe kuye kwacabangela ukuthi i-IP imelela ukuvuselelwa okungavamile (isib., UBarrett, 2010; u-Hilton, i-2013; i-Grinde, i-2002) kumongo wokuziphendukela kwabantu. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube yimanje, akubekho ukubuyekezwa okuhleliwe okuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zimelela umvuzo omkhulu we-hedonic. Ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo, sibukeza ubufakazi bale sinyathelo sesibili.

Kungani IP ingase iqiniseke ngokukhethekile?

Umbono wesikhuthazo esizuzisa kakhulu uxoxwe kahle ezincwadini ezahlukahlukene amashumi eminyaka. Ukugembula (UZuckerman & Kuhlman, 2000; Fauth-Buhler, Mann, & Potenza, 2016), izidakamizwa (I-Nesse neBerridge, 1997), kanye nemidlalo yevidiyo (Koepp et al., 1998) konke kuphakanyisiwe njengezikhuthazo ezinomvuzo basebenzisa amadrayivu okuvela kwemvelo. Esibonelweni ngasinye esishiwo ngenhla, isimilo (isb. Ukugembula) sisebenzisa idrayivu eyakhiwe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo (isb. Ukufuna ukuzwa / ukuzibeka engcupheni) futhi kuveza umvuzo omkhulu (isb. . Futhi, njengoba kuxoxwe ngaphambili, leli phethini libhalwe kahle emibhalweni yendlala.

 Indlala idrayivu ekhethwe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo edingekayo ukuze usinde (iPinel, Assanand, & Lehman, 2000; van de Pos & Ridder, 2006). Ngokufana nokushayela ngocansi, indlala ifaka nengxenye ye-hedonic (Lowe & Butrin, 2007). Abantu bathola injabulo ekudleni ukudla okuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zebhayoloji (Mela, 2006). Kodwa-ke, abantu futhi banekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuzakhela imivuzo ekhula ngokwengeziwe edlula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amaningi nokuzikhandla obekungadingeka, ngokomlando, ukuthi idrayivu isuthiswe. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ekufikeni kwamuva kokudla okumnandi (ekuziphendukeleni kwabantu). Lokhu kudla kuvame ukufaka inhlanganisela enamandla yamaphunga amnandi, amnandi, nosawoti anomvuzo omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwendlala okuthuthukile (UGearhardt, uDavis, Kuschner, noBrownell, 2011). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusakazwa kokudla okunjalo, kanye nokutholakala kalula manje, kokubili ngentengo nokusabalalisa, kuholele ekushintsheni okujwayelekile kwamasiko emikhubeni yokudliwa kokudla (UDrewnowski & Specter, 2004; Hardin-Fanning & Rayens, 2015) , ukusetshenziswa okuningi kokudla kwe-hedonic (I-Monteiro et al., 2013), ukukhuluphala okwandayo (UGearhardt et al., 2011), futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amaphethini wokusetshenziswa kokudla abonakala elutha noma ephoqelela (UGearhardt et al., 2011). Imisebenzi yangaphambilini iphinde iphakamise ukufana okufanayo ne-IPU enezinkinga (IHholo, i-2013; Uthando, iLaier, iBrand, iHatch, neHajela, 2015).

Njengalamba, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithinta abantu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo zithathwa nge-sex drive (i-Malamuth, i-1996; i-Salmon, i-2012). Ukushayela ngokocansi kuyisimo esiyisisekelo somuntu, okudingekayo ukuze kusinde izinhlobo zezilwane. Njengoba sekuphikisiwe kwenye indawo (isb., I-Salmon, i-2012), izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithuthukile ngendlela yokwanelisa leyo drive ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokucacile, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zixhaphaza ukuqhutshwa kwemvelo ukuze ziphishekele ukuqina nokuzibandakanya kwabalingani bobulili (i-Salmon, i-2012), ngenkathi zivumela ukugcinwa komzamo namandla ngokusebenzisa umzamo omncane womphakathi. Nakuba imithombo yezocansi ikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu manje, ukuhlukahluka, okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo, ukutholakala, nokutholakala kwe-IP kwenza kube yisimo esiyingqayizivele esimweni sokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngendlela efana nokudla okungaxhunyiwe. Ngokubambisana, lezi zici zibhekisela ekukhuthazeni okuvuzayo kakhulu futhi okuzuzisa ngokukhethekile ekuqhutshweni kocansi okuvela ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo.

Ukufinyeleleka kwe-IP

Kubantu abaningi, imivuzo etholwe ngokushesha futhi kalula ivame ukulinganiswa njengokuncamela ukubambezeleka kwemiklomelo, noma ngabe leyo mibono ebambezelekile ingaba ngcono ngokusobala (isb. Ukuzithokozisa okubambezelekile, ukubambezeleka kwesaphulelo; iBickel & Marsch, 2001). Le yingxenye eyodwa yalokho okwenza izinto eziningi ezenza ubumnandi, izinto ezisebenza ngengqondo zenze umkhuba (isb. IBickel neMarsch, 2001): Yize ezinye izinto zingaba nomthelela kumaphethini wokuziphatha okuluthayo (isb., Ukuncika komzimba, ukuthambekela kofuzo), ukuhlangana phakathi kwesikhuthazi futhi umvuzo osheshayo ungaba umkhuba. Ukwakha phezu kwalokhu, umsebenzi wangaphambilini wethiyori uphikise ngokuthi ubuciko obusheshayo be-inthanethi jikelele buveza imivuzo yokuziphatha kwe-inthanethi ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngezinye izinto ezingezona ezamakhemikhali (UDavis, 2001).

Kusukela ekuqaleni, ucwaningo lwe-IP luye lwagcizelela kaninginingi isimo esisheshayo semvelo eku-inthanethi njengokumela ukulungiswa okusha futhi okungaba yinkinga esimweni esijwayelekile sokuvuza semidiya ecacisa ngocansi kaningi (Cooper et al., 1998; Schwartz & Southern, 2000) . Ngenkathi ukuxhumana ngokocansi okuhlukanisiwe kudinga umzamo womphakathi kanti imithombo yezindaba ejwayelekile, ephrintiwe noma erekhodwe ngezocansi idinga okungenani umzamo othile nezindleko zokuthola (isb. Ukushayela nokusebenzisa imali indawo yaseshashalazini yabantu abadala noma isitolo), i-IP itholakala kalula futhi kalula, inika kuzuza njengokuqiniswa okuhlobene nokuziphatha okuthile ukwanelisa isifiso sobulili nokushayela.

I-IP kungenzeka imele indlela elula ngokuhlukile yokuthola ukwaneliseka ngokocansi okwakungakaze kube khona ngaphambili kumongo wokuziphendukela kwabantu. Esifundweni sekhwalithi esibuyekeziwe sangaphambilini (URothman et al., 2015) wentsha yangaphakathi nedolobha, isihloko esiyinhloko esihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuwukutholakala nokulula kokufinyelela. Ngokwengeziwe, ngaphakathi kwesampula efanayo, kwakukhona nemibiko yokusebenzisa i-IP, ngokwengxenye, ngenxa yokukhululeka lapho i-IPU yanelisa khona izifiso zocansi noma ukuqeda ukungezwani kwezocansi. I-IP bekulula nje ukuyisebenzisa, okube nomthelela ekusebenziseni amaphethini. Ngokufanayo, esifundweni sekhwalithi (Löfgren-Mårtenson & Månsson, 2010), yentsha yaseSweden (N= 73; 49% wesilisa; I-Xange-14), i-IPU ichazwe njengendlela elula futhi elula yokuthola injabulo yocansi nokukhulula ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Ngokubodwa, lezi zithole zinikeza ukusekelwa kwesiphetho sokuthi esinye sezici eziyingqayizivele ze-intanethi yikhono layo lokuvuza ngokushesha ukushayela ucansi nesifiso.

Ukubuyekezwa ngezingcaphuno ezifanele:

1) Umlutha We-Cybersex (2015). Okucaphuno:

Abantu abaningi basebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zocansi zocansi, ikakhulukazi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Abanye abantu balahlekelwa ukulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi lwe-inthanethi futhi babika ukuthi abakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngocansi noma ngabe bahlangabezana nemiphumela emibi. Ezihlokweni zakamuva, ukubheja kocansi lwe-inthanethi kubhekwa uhlobo oluthile lomlutha we-intanethi. Ezinye izifundo zamanje zihlolisise ukufana phakathi kokulutha kwe-inthanethi nge-cyber kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, ezifana ne-Internet Gaming Disorder. Ukucubungula nokuzikhandla kubhekwa ukuthi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuluthweni kocansi lwe-inthanethi. Futhi, izindlela zokuzicabangela izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa nokulondolozwa kokubheja kwe-inthanethi ngokuyinhloko zihilela ukukhubazeka kokwenza izinqumo kanye nemisebenzi ephezulu. Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging lusekela ukucabangela kokubambisana okubalulekile phakathi kokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha kanye nokuthembela ngokwezinto eziphilayo.

2)  I-neuroscience ye-Inthanethi ye-Pornography Umlutha: Ukubukeza nokuvuselelwa (2015). Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezincwadi ze-neuroscience ezihlobene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi, ngokugxila ngokukhethekile kumlutha we-intanethi we-intanethi. Ukubuyekezwa kubuye kuhlaziywe izifundo ezimbili ezithathwe ekuqaleni kwe-EEG zokubamba iqhaza ngamathimba aphethwe nguPrause (owathi ukutholakala okufakaza ukungabaza ngokubhebhetheka kocansi). Okucaphuno:

Abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuziphatha eziningana okungase kuthinte umjikelezo wokujikeleza kubuningi bomuntu kubangela ukulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kanye nezinye izimpawu zokulutha umlutha okungenani abanye abantu. Mayelana nokulutha kwe-intanethi, ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience lusekela ukuthi izinqubo ze-neural ezisemqoka zifana nokulutha ngokweqile. I-American Psychiatric Association (APA) ibone ukuziphatha okunjalo okuhlobene ne-intanethi, ukudlala kwe-intanethi, njengengozi yokulutha yomlutha okuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokutadisha, ku-2013 ukubuyekezwa koMqulu wabo wokuThola nokuThathaniswa. Okunye ukuziphatha okuhlobene ne-intanethi, isib. Ukusetshenziswa kocansi lwe-Inthanethi, akuzange kuhlanganiswe. Ngaphakathi kwalokhu kubuyekezwa, sinikeza isifingqo semiqondo ehlongozwayo yokulutha umlutha futhi unikeze umbono wokuhlola mayelana neuroscience ucwaningo on Internet inselele kanye ne-inthanethi yokudlala disorder. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibuyekeze izincwadi ezitholakalayo ze-neuroscientific on ukulutha kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi futhi sixhuma imiphumela emfanekisweni wokulutha. Ukubuyekezwa kuholela esiphethweni sokuthi umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile we-intanethi ufinyelela ohlelweni lokulutha umlutha futhi uhlanganyela ngezindlela ezifanayo eziyisisekelo nokulutha ngokweqile. Kanye nezifundo zokulutha kwe-intanethi ne-Internet Gaming Disorder sibona ubufakazi obuqinile bokucabangela ukuziphatha kwe-Inthanethi kokulutha njengokulutha kokuziphatha.

3) Ukwehla kwesifo socansi njengesifo: Ubufakazi bokuHlola, ukuHlola, nokuphendula kwabaphikisi (2015), enikeza ishadi elibhekene nokugxekwa okucacile kokulutha kocansi / ucansi, ukunikeza izikhalazo ezibaphikisayo. Okucaphuno:

Njengoba siqhubeka sibhekana nezinkinga eziningi zomndeni, zomndeni, kanye nezomphakathi ezihlobene nokulutha umuthi, indlela esiphatha ngayo umlutha kufanele futhi ishintshe. Ukwelapha izidakamizwa sekude kodwa kunendlela ende okwamanje. Njengoba kubonakala kulokhu kulesi sihloko, ukugxeka okuvamile kocansi njengomlutha okusemthethweni akugcini uma kuqhathaniswa nokunyakaza emiphakathini yemitholampilo kanye nesayensi eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Kunobufakazi obuningi besayensi kanye nokwesekwa kocansi kanye nezinye izimo zokuziphatha ezizokwamukelwa njengokulutha. Lokhu kusekelwa kuvela emikhakheni eminingi yokusebenza futhi kunikeza ithemba elimangalisayo lokuthola ngempela ushintsho njengoba siqonda kangcono inkinga. Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane zocwaningo kanye nentuthuko emkhakheni wezokwelapha izidakamizwa kanye neuroscience yembula izindlela ezisemqoka zobuchopho ezihilela ukulutha. Ososayensi baye baqaphela izindlela ezivamile ezithintekayo ukuziphatha okuluthayo kanye nokuhlukana phakathi kobuchopho bomuntu onomlutha nabangewona umlutha, eveza izinto ezivamile zokulutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizinto eziphathekayo noma ukuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona igebe phakathi kwentuthuko yesayensi nokuqonda komphakathi jikelele, inqubomgomo yomphakathi, nokuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa.

4) I-Neurobiology Yokuziphatha Ngokweqhaza Ngokuya Ngokocansi: Isayensi Evelayo (2016). Okucaphuno:

Nakuba kungahlanganisiwe ku-DSM-5, ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) kungatholakala ku-ICD-10 njengengxaki yokulawula ukucindezela. Kodwa-ke, ingxabano ikhona mayelana nokuhlelwa kwe-CSB (isib., Njengesifo sokucindezela okucindezelayo, isici se-hypersexual disorder, ukulutha umlutha, noma ukuqhubeka nokuziphatha kocansi okujwayelekile. Amaphakheji okwamanje ocwaningweni ayenzima ukuzimisela ukuthi ngabe i-CSB ibhekwa njengento umlutha noma hhayi ... Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi izici ze-neurobiological zihlobene kanjani nezinyathelo ezifanele emitholampilo ezifana nemiphumela yokwelapha ye-CSB. Ukuhlukanisa i-CSB njengokuthi 'ukulutha ukuziphatha' kuyoba nomthelela omkhulu emikhankasweni, ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni .... phakathi kwe-CSB kanye nezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa, ukungenelela okusebenzayo ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa kungabamba isithembiso se-CSB, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlinzeke ukuqondisisa ngezinkombandlela zokucwaninga zesikhathi esizayo ukuphenya ngalokhu kungenzeka ngqo.

5) Ingabe ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile kufanele kuthathwe njengesiyaluyalu? (I-2016). Umbhalo:

Ngokukhululwa kwe-DSM-5, ukungazitholi ukugembula kwahlelwa kabusha ngezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Lolu shintsho lunezinselele izinkolelo ukuthi ukulutha umlutha kwenzeka kuphela ngokufaka izinto ezishintsha ingqondo futhi kunezimpikiswano ezibalulekile kumasu, izinqubo zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa [97]. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ukubandakanya ngokweqile kwezinye izimo zokuziphatha (isb. Ukudlala, ubulili, ukuthengwa ngokweqile) kungabelana ngemitholampilo, izakhi zofuzo, izinzwa ze-neurobiological kanye ne-phenomenological nezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa [2,14].

Esinye indawo esidinga ukucwaninga okwengeziwe kuhilela ukuthi ushintsho lwezobuchwepheshe lungathonya kanjani ukuziphatha kwabantu ngokocansi. Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi idatha idinga ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokocansi kunconywa nge-intanethi kanye ne-smartphone zokusebenza [98-100], ucwaningo olwengeziwe kufanele lucabangele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-digital buhlobene kanjani ne-CSB (isib. Ukushaya indlwabu ngokucindezela izithombe ezingcolile zobulili kwi-intanethi noma izingxoxo zokuxoxa ngocansi) nokubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni kobulili okuyingozi (isib. ubulili, abalingani abaningi bezocansi ngesinye isikhathi).

Kukhona izici zokuqhaqha phakathi kwe-CSB nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Izinqubo ezivamile ze-neurotransmitter zingase zibe negalelo ku-CSB nasezikhungweni zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, futhi ukuhlolwa kwamuva kwe-neuroimaging ukuveza ukufana okuhlobene nokuthanda nokukhathazeka. Imithi yokwelapha efanayo neye-psychotherapeutic ingase isetshenziswe ku-CSB kanye nokulutha kwezidakamizwa.

6) Isisekelo se-Neurobiological of Hysexsexality (2016). Umbhalo:

Ukulutha komzimba kanye nokucwasana ngokobulili kufanele kusikhumbuze ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokweqile kuncike esimweni sethu sokuphila semvelo. Ubulili buyinto ebalulekile ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ngoba kuyindlela yokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubulili bubhekwa njengenjabulo futhi bunempahla emihle kakhulu, futhi nakuba ingaba umlutha lapho i-sex ingase ilandelwe ngendlela eyingozi futhi engathandeki, isisekelo se-neural sokulutha singase sibe nezinhloso ezibaluleke kakhulu umgomo wokuqala wokuphishekela abantu .... Ukuhlanganiswa, ubufakazi bubonakala sengathi butholakala ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-lobe yangaphambili, i-amygdala, i-hippocampus, i-hypothalamus, i-septum, nezindawo zobuchopho ezisebenzayo umvuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni kobulili obufanayo. Ucwaningo lwe-Genetic kanye ne-neuropharmacological izindlela zokwelashwa zikhomba ekubandakanyekeni kwesistimu ye-dopaminergic.

7) Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokuzibandakanya Ngokobulili njengokweqile Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile: Impembelelo Ye-Inthanethi Nezinye Izinkinga (2016). Okucaphuno:

Ngenze ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamakhompiyutha ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokulutha (ukugembula, ukudlala ividiyo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi, ukuzivocavoca, ubulili, umsebenzi, njll.) Futhi uye waphikisana ngokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zokuziphatha kocansi ezinenkinga zingabalwa njengezigqila zocansi, kuye ngokuthi incazelo yokulutha okusetshenziswayo [2-5]....

Leli phephandaba libonakala likhona nokucatshangelwa okucatshangwayo ukuthi ucwaningo lwezobuciko oluvela enkulumweni ye-neurobiological / zofuzo kufanele luphathwe ngokungathí sina kunomqondo ongokwengqondo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuziphatha kocansi okucindezelayo kuchazwa njenge-CSB, ukubheja kocansi kanye / noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual, kunezinkulungwane zezazi eziphathelene nokucabanga kwengqondo emhlabeni wonke ophatha izifo ezinjalo 7. Ngenxa yalokho, ubufakazi obuvela emitholampilo obuvela kulabo abasiza futhi baphathe abantu abanjalo kufanele banikezwe kabanzi ngokwentando yomphakathi ....

Ngokusobala ukuthuthukiswa okubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni we-CSB kanye nokulutha kobulili ukuthi i-intanethi ishintsha kanjani futhi yenza lula i-CSB [2, 8, 9]. Lokhu akuzange kukhulunywe ngakho kuze kube yisigaba sokugcina, kepha ucwaningo lokulutha ngokocansi online (ngenkathi kuqukethe isisekelo esincane sezobuciko) selokhu kwaba khona kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, kufaka phakathi osayizi besampula ababafika cishe ku-10 000 abantu [10-17]. Eqinisweni, kuye kwaba nokubuyekezwa kwamuva kwedatha yemibhalo ephathelene nokulutha kocansi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-intanethi 4,5. Lezi zichazwe izici eziningi eziqondile ze-intanethi ezingase zenze futhi zivuselele ukuthambekela kokulutha ngokuphathelene nokuziphatha ngokobulili (ukufinyeleleka, ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi, ukungaziwa, ukulula, ukuphunyuka, ukuvimbela ukubhujiswa, njll.).

8) Ukufuna Ukuhlanzeka Emanzini Amadayidi: Ukucubungula Kwesikhathi Esizayo Ukubeka Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokweqile Njengesiyaluyalu (2016). Okucaphuno:

Sesanda kuhlola ubufakazi bokuhlehlisa ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSB) njengokweqile ukuziphatha kabi. Ukubuyekezwa kwethu kutholile ukuthi i-CSB yabelane ngokuhambisana nomtholampilo, i-neurobiological kanye ne-phenomenological ne-substance-use disorders ....

Nakuba i-American Psychiatric Association yenqabe ukuphazamiseka kobulili obufanayo [4] kusuka ku-DSM-5, ukuxilongwa kwe-CSB (ukushayela ucansi ngokweqile) kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-ICD-10 [13]. I-CSB nayo ibhekwa yi-ICD-11 [14], yize ukufakwa kwayo ekugcineni akuqinisekile. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luqhubeke nokwakha ulwazi nokuqinisa uhlaka lokuqonda okungcono i-CSB nokuhumushela lolu lwazi kwimizamo yenqubomgomo, yokuvikela, yokuxilonga, neyokwelapha ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela emibi ye-CSB.

9) Ukuhlanganisa Ukucatshangelwa Kwengqondo Neurobiological Ngokuphathelene Nokuthuthukiswa Nokugcinwa Kwezinkinga Eziqondile Ze-Inthanethi-Ukusetshenziswa: Ukusebenzisana Komuntu-Okuthinta-Ukuqaphela-Indlela Yokusebenzisa (2016). Ukubuyekezwa kwezinqubo ezakha ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokugcinwa kwezinkinga ezithile zokusebenzisa i-Intanethi, kufaka phakathi i- "Internet-pornography-viewing disorder." Ababhali basikisela ukuthi ukulutha kwezithombe zocansi (nokulutha kwe-inthanethi ngocansi lwe-inthanethi) kuhlukaniswe njengokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa i-intanethi futhi kufakwe nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha ngaphansi kokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa njengokuziphatha okuluthayo.

Nakuba i-DSM-5 igxile ekugemeni kwe-intanethi, inamba enencazelo yabalobi ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abafuna ukwelashwa bangasebenzisa nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Inthanethi noma amasayithi addictively ....

Kusukela esimweni sesimo samanje socwaningo, siphakamisa ukuthi sifaka ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi ku-ICD-11 ezayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kwe-Internet-gaming disorder, ezinye izinhlobo zezicelo nazo zisetshenziselwa inkinga. Enye indlela ingabandakanya ukuqaliswa kwegama elijwayelekile le-Internet-disorder disorder, okuyinto engacaciswa ngokucubungula isicelo sokuqala esisebenzisayo (isibonelo isifo sokudlala i-inthanethi, ukungaxhunyiwe kwe-inthanethi, i-intanethi-i-pornography-ukusetshenziswa kwesifo, Ukuxilongwa kwe-intanethi-yokuxhumana, ne-Internet-shopping shopping).

10) I-Neurobiology yoMlutha Wezocansi: Isahluko esivela ku-Neurobiology of Addictions, i-Oxford Press (2016) - Izingcaphuno:

Sibukeza isisekelo se-neurobiological sokulutha umlutha, okubandakanya ukulimala kwemvelo noma inqubo, bese sikhuluma ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene kanjani nokuqonda kwethu kwamanje ngokobulili njengomvuzo wemvelo ongasebenza "okungenakuzenzekela" empilweni yomuntu ....

Kusobala ukuthi incazelo yamanje nokuqonda ukuluthwa kushintshile ngokuya ngokufakwa kolwazi maqondana nokuthi ubuchopho bufunda kanjani nezifiso. Ngenkathi ukuluthwa ngokocansi kwakuchazwa phambilini ngokususelwa kuzinqubo zokuziphatha, manje sekuyabonakala nangelensi ye-neuromodulation. Labo abangeke baqonde noma abangaqondi le miqondo bangaqhubeka nokubambelela kumbono we-naologve we-neurologically, kepha labo abakwaziyo ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kumongo we-biology, le paradigm entsha inikeza incazelo ehlanganayo futhi esebenzayo yokulutha ngokocansi okwazisa bobabili usosayensi nomtholampilo.

11) I-Neuroscientific Isondela ku-Online Pornography Isilonda (2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukutholakala kwezindaba zobulili ezingcolile kuye kwanda kakhulu ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-intanethi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amadoda acela ukwelashwa kaningi ngoba izithombe zabo ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile azipheli; okungukuthi, abakwazi ukuyeka noma ukunciphisa ukuziphatha kwabo okunenkinga nakuba bebhekene nemiphumela emibi .... Emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, izifundo eziningana nge-neuroscientific approach, ikakhulukazi i-imagination magontic resonance imaging (fMRI), zaqhutshwa ukuhlola ama-neural correlates wokubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola kanye nama-neural correlates wokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Njengoba kunikezwe imiphumela yangaphambilini, ukusetshenziselwa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kungaxhunyaniswa nezinqubo ezingaziwayo ze-neurobiological ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene nezidakamizwa.

Okokugcina, sifingqa izifundo, eziphenyisisa ama-correlates ekusetshenzisweni kokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingeni le-neural. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwezifundo ze-longitudinal, kuyacaca ukuthi izici ezihlonziwe emadodeni ezinomlutha wobulili yizona imiphumela hhayi izimbangela zokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Iningi lezinhlolovo libika ukuqina kokusebenza komsebenzi kumjikelezi wokuvuza ngokuphathelene nokucansi kubasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunezihloko zokulawula, okubonisa ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezihlobene nezidakamizwa (bheka ukubuyekezwa ngu-Chase et al. 2011; i-Garrison ne-Potenza 2014). Imiphumela ephathelene nokunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-prefrontal-striater-connectivity ezifundweni ezinomlutha wokulahla izithombe ezingcolile zingachazwa njengesibonakaliso sokulawulwa kwengqondo okungekho emthethweni ngokuziphatha komlutha. Nakuba zonke izincazelo ze-neurobiological ezivela kulezi zifundo zisekela umqondo wokulutha kocansi, kukhona namanje imibuzo eminingi evulekile. Ukubiza amagama ambalwa kuphela: Ingabe ukubekezelelana kuyimfuneko eqondile yokulutha kocansi? Ingabe ushintsho ezintweni ezithandwayo zobulili njengesibonelo ekubhekiseni izinto ezingapheliyo uphawu lokuthuthukiswa kokubekezelelana? Ingabe isikhathi esengeziwe esichithwa ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile siyinkomba yokubekezela? Ingabe izimpawu zokuhoxiswa zibonakala kuzo zonke izihloko ezibhekwa njengezigqila ezingcolile? Ingabe ukungenelela kokwelashwa okuwaziwayo okuvela emithonjeni ehlobene nezidakamizwa kuyadluliselwa ngempumelelo ekugqilazweni kocansi? Yonke le mibuzo kufanele iqondiswe ekucwaningweni okuzayo ukuze iphendule umbuzo ukuthi ngabe ukucabanga kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyasetshenziswa yini njengesilutha noma kufanele cha.

12) Ingabe ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokobulili kuyinkinga yokulutha? (I-2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili (ukuhlinzwa njengengozi yokuxoshwa kwe-hypersexual) kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kufakwe ku-DSM-5 kodwa ekugcineni kungabandakanywa, naphezu kokukhiqizwa kwezinqubo ezisemthethweni nokuhlolwa kwesilingo.2 Lokhu kukhishwa kuye kwavimbela imizamo yokuvimbela, yokucwaninga, nokwelashwa, futhi abahlengikazi bashiya ngaphandle kokutholakala ngokusemthethweni kokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi.

ukucwaninga kwi-neurobiology yokucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokobulili kuye kwadala ukutholakala okuphathelene nokukhathazeka okubalulekile, izinsizakalo zokukhuthaza umqondo, nobuciko obusekelwe ebuchosheni obubonisa ukufana okukhulu nezidakamizwa.4 Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi okucatshangelwayo kuphakanyiswa njengengcindezi yokulawula ukucindezeleka ku-ICD-11, ehambisana nombono ohlongozwayo wokuthi ukulangazelela, ukubandakanya okuqhubekayo naphezu kwemiphumela emibi, ukubandakanyeka okuphoqelekile, nokulawulwa kokunciphisa kubonisa izici ezisemqoka zokucindezeleka kokulawula ukucindezeleka.5 Lo mbono kungenzeka ukuthi wawulungele ezinye ze-DSM-IV izifo zokulawula ukucindezeleka, ngokugembula ukugembula. Kodwa-ke, lezi zakhi sekuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi ziyinhloko yezidakamizwa, futhi ekushintsheni okuvela ku-DSM-IV kuya ku-DSM-5, isigaba se-Impulse Control Disorders Akuyona Esinye Isinye Isihlonzi sasihlelwa kabusha, futhi ukugembula okubizwa ngokuthi i-pathological name kabusha futhi kwakhiwe kabusha njengesifo somlutha.2 Njengamanje, i-ICD-11 ye-beta yesayithi yokuhlela ibhala uhlu lwezinkinga zokulawula ukucindezeleka, futhi ihlanganisa ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha kocansi, i-pyromania, i-kleptomania, nokuphazamiseka okuphazamisayo okuphakathi.3

Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqeleka kubonakala kufanelana kahle nezinkinga ezingalona izidakamizwa ezihlongozwayo nge-ICD-11, ehambisana nesikhathi esincane sokuxilonga ngokobulili okwamanje okuhlongozwayo ukucindezela ukuziphatha kobulili kwi-website ye-ICD-11.3 Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi yokuziphatha ngokobulili njengesifo sokulutha kuyaphambene nedatha yamuva futhi kungase kuzuze odokotela, abacwaningi, kanye nabantu abathintekayo futhi bathinteke ngalesi sifo.

Izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, i-DSM, i-ICD:

Kepha 'umlutha wezocansi' awukho kuma-APA I-DSM-5, kunjalo? I-American Psychiatric Association (APA) isiye yahudula izinyawo zayo ekubandakanyeni ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuluthayo / okuphoqeleka kumbhalo wayo wokuhlola. Uma igcine ukuvuselela ibhukwana ku-2013 (I-DSM-5), akuzange acabange ngokuqondile "ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi," esikhundleni sokuthi aphikisana ngokuthi "i-hypersexual disorder." Isikhathi sokugcina senkinga yokuziphatha ngokocansi sanconywa ukuba sifakwe I-DSM-5 Iqoqo leQembu lezokuSebenza ngokocansi emva kweminyaka yokubuyekeza. Kodwa-ke, esimisweni sehora leshumi nanye "ikamelo lezinkanyezi" (ngokusho kwelungu leQembu loMsebenzi), enye I-DSM-5 iziphathimandla zenqabe ukucwasana ngokobulili, echaza izizathu eziye zachazwa njengezingenangqondo.

Ekufinyeleleni lesi sikhundla, i I-DSM-5 ukungahloniphi ubufakazi obuhlelekile, imibiko ejwayelekile yezibonakaliso, izimpawu kanye nokuziphatha okuhambisana nokuphoqelelwa nokulutha umlutha kwabagulayo kanye nabahlengikazi babo, kanye nezincomo ezisemthethweni kwezinkulungwane zezokwelapha nezokucwaninga e-American Society of Addiction Medicine. Ku-2011 ASAM kwakhiqize Isitatimende Somgomo Somphakathi esinezikhalazo, sisho ngokucacile ukuthi izidakamizwa zokuziphatha ngokobulili zingokoqobo nokuthi ukulimala kuyisifo esiyinhloko esibonisa izinguquko ezingaphansi kobuchopho. Kusuka ku-ASAM FAQs:

UMBUZO: Le ncazelo entsha yokulutha umlutha ibhekisela ekuluthweni okubandakanya ukugembula, ukudla nokuziphatha kocansi. Ingabe i-ASAM ikholelwa ngempela ukuthi ukudla nokulala ngokobulili kungumlutha?

IMPENDULO: Incazelo entsha ye-ASAM yenza ukusuka ekulinganiseni ukuluthwa nokuncika kwento nje, ngokuchaza ukuthi ukulutheka kuhlobene kanjani nokuziphatha okunomvuzo. … Le ncazelo ithi ukuluthwa kumayelana nokusebenza nokujikeleza kobuchopho nokuthi ukwakheka nokusebenza kobuchopho babantu abanomlutha kuhluke kanjani ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho babantu abangenakho ukulutheka. … Ukudla nokuziphatha kwezocansi nokuziphatha kokugembula kungahlotshaniswa 'nokuphishekela imivuzo ngokweqile' okuchazwe kule ncazelo entsha yokulutha

Ngesinye isikhathi, i I-DSM Uthole umgxeka ovelele, uThomas Insel, ngaleso sikhathi uMqondisi weNational Institute of Mental Health, owaphikisa indlela yokungazinaki izici zengqondo kanye ne-theory yezokwelapha ukuze kutholakale ukutholakala kwazo kuphela ezimpawu. Lezi zimvume zivumela izinqumo ezingavamile, ezombusazwe eziphikisa iqiniso. Isibonelo, i I-DSM uma ukuhlukaniswa ubungqingili ngokungalungile njengesifo sengqondo.

Ngaphambi nje koku I-DSM-5 kushicilelwe ku-2013, Insel waxwayisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba insimu yempilo yengqondo ime ukuthembela ku-DSM. Yakhe"ubuthakathaka ukungabi khona kweqiniso, ”Echaza, futhingeke siphumelele uma sisebenzisa izigaba ze-DSM njenge “standard gold."Wanezela,"Yingakho i-NIMH izophinde iphinde iqondise ucwaningo lwayo kude ne-DSMs. ” Ngamanye amagama, i-NIMH ihlele ukumisa ucwaningo ngezimali olususelwa ku I-DSM amalebula (nokungabi khona kwabo).

Kusukela I-DSM-5 's s publication, amakhulu amaningi okubheja kwe-intanethi kanye nezifundo zokulutha izidakamizwa ze-intanethi, futhi inqwaba yezifundo zezinzwa kwabasebenzisi bezithombe ze-porn ziye zaphuma. Iningi liyaqhubeka nokunciphisa I-DSM-5 isikhundla. Ngesinye isikhathi, naphezu kokunakekelwa kwezindaba ku I-DSM-5 isimo, abasebenzayo nalabo abanenkinga yokuziphatha ngokobulili baye baqhubeka behlonza izinkinga ezinjalo. Basebenzisa elinye ukuxilongwa ku I-DSM-5 kanye neyodwa kusukela ku-ICD-10 yamanje, ibhukwana le-World Health Organization elisetshenziswa kabanzi, i Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezifo Zomhlaba Wonke. Njengoba kubonisiwe le athikili yephephandaba le-2016 nguDkt. Richard Krueger:

Ukutholakala okungahle kubhekisele ekuziphatheni kocansi okuphoqelelwe kuye kwafakwa kwi-DSM ne-ICD iminyaka eminingi futhi manje kungatholakala ukuthi kufanelekile e-United States usebenzisa kokubili i-DSM-5 kanye nekhomishini yokuxilonga ye-ICD-10. Ukucindezeleka kokuziphatha ngokocansi okucatshangelwayo kucatshangelwa i-ICD-11.

U-Krueger ungumprofesa wezokwelapha wezokwelapha e-Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, futhi wasiza ukuvuselela isigaba sokuphazamiseka ngokobulili I-DSM-5.

Futhi, izindaba ezinkulu ukuthi iWorld Health Organization ibonakala ilungele ukusekela ngokucophelela ukuqapha okukhulu kwe-APA. Uhlelo olulandelayo lwencwadi yalo yokuxilonga, i I-ICD, iphuma ku-2018. Ukuhlelwa kwe-beta ye- new I-ICD-11 kuhlanganisa ukuxilongwa kwe-"Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder" kanye nenye ye "Ukuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuziphatha okuluthayo. ” Lesi sakamuva sizofaka phakathi “Ukugembula Okuphazamisayo” ne- “Gaming Disorder.”

Ngokuqondene ne Inguqulo ye-2013 ye I-DSM-5, ibone ukulutha kokuziphatha ngokubeka i- "Gambling disorder" ku-Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokuqala ze- "Internet Gaming Disorder" manje sezichaziwe kumanyuwali. Lokhu kuphawula kuka-2017 - Umlutha Ngaphandle Kwezinto — Kwenzekani nge-DSM? - Iqokomisa ukungahambisani nezinto ezingaqondakali ezisetshenziswe yi-American Psychiatric Association (APA) ku- I-DSM-5, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokusingatha kwazo izimo zokuziphatha okuluthayo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi. Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa:

Siyaqhubeka nokukhathazeka ngeDiagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, i-Version 5 (DSM-5) esele isezingeni ekuhloleni ngokwengqondo nangokwengqondo njengoba iqukethe ukungahambelani, ukuphikisana, kanye nokwenza phambili kokugxila esiqeshini sokuqanjwa kwamagama okungahambisani ucwaningo lwamanje nokwenza, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-Addiction Medicine… ..

I-ASAM ichaze ngokucacile ukuthi zonke izici zokulutha izidakamizwa ziphathelene nezinkinga ezivamile emiphakathini yobuchopho, hhayi ukuhluka kwezinto (substance) noma okuqukethwe noma ukuziphatha (ASAM, 2011). Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe kumbono wezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthola okubuyekezwe ngaphakathi ku-Love et al. (I-2015) iphepha, akunangqondo ukuthi i-APA ichaza ngokucacile ukuziphatha kwe-Inthanethi ngenkathi ivumela abanye. Lesi sinqumo nesitatimende asinembile, futhi asihambisani nobufakazi besayensi obukhona nabusakhulayo. Ngalesi sici, ukubuka i-IP ngokweqile nokudlala imidlalo ye-intanethi ngokweqile kuyahluka kakhulu, naphezu kokusebenza okukhulu kokusebenza komshini wobuchopho, futhi naphezu kokubonakala kombukiso wezimo ezifanayo zokuziphatha kwengqondo nemiphumela yengqondo. Lokhu, "okungahambisani nokuziphatha okungahambisani" (Hilton, 2013).

Ukungaboni kahle kokulutha komzimba ngokwe-neuroscience kungabonakala nakakhulu esigabeni se-DSM-5 sika Diagnostic Izici se-IGD lapho bechaza khona izici zeqembu neqembu njengezici ezibalulekile zesifo. Ngalesi sici, ukuxhaphaza izinto ebhodini noma emcimbini kungabangela ukuhlukumeza izidakamizwa, kepha ukuxhaphaza izinto ngesikhathi esisodwa kungenjalo. Ukuze wenze ukufanisa okuhlobene ne-Intanethi, le logic ithi umuntu odlala iWorld of Warcraft ngokweqile umlutha, kodwa othile odlala i-Candy Crush ngokweqile akuyona. Ukuxoshwa kwe-APA ngesayensi esungulwe ngokuvumelana nemibono yilokho okubonakala kubangele ukuthi i-NIMH ihambe ekutheni isuselwe ekucwaningeni ngezigaba ze-DSM, esikhundleni salokho ukufaka amazinga abo okucwaninga ngokwesayensi (Insel et al., 2013).

Siyanxusa imiphakathi yocwaningo kanye nemithi yokwelapha ukuba ibe nzima futhi iguquke ngakho abantu abathintekayo ngokulutha kwemithi bathola ukuhlolwa okungcono, okuphelele okuzohola ukwelashwa kangcono nokulandelela esimweni sokulutha ngokweqile njengesifo esingapheli kunokuba kugxilwe kwamanje noma izinkinga ezingaphezu kokuziphatha ezingase zilawulwe noma ezingalawulwa, kanti ezinye izici zokulutha umlutha zihlala zingagxiliwe.

Iziqinisekiso ezingasekelwa:

Ngeshwa, kufanele ngibhekane nezimangalo ezivezwe umcwaningi wangaphambili we-UCLA uNicole Prause. Kumazwana ahlukahlukene, izindatshana kanye nama-tweets uPrause uthe akwenzanga nje kuphela Prause et al., 2015 ukuqamba amanga “i-tenet eyinhloko yesimiso sokulutha umlutha, i-cue reactivity biomarker, ”Kodwa lokho“uchungechunge lwezifundo zokuziphatha ezichazwe ama-laboratories azimele [ukukhohlisa] ezinye izibikezelo zesimiso somlutha. "

U-Prause ucaphuna okuqukethwe yi-2016 "Incwadi eya kumhleli" njengobufakazi bezimangalo ezingenhla: "Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela izidakamizwa. Kalula nje, uPrause uqoqe wonke amaqanda akhe angama-debunking kubhasikidi owodwa - isigaba esisodwa ekugcineni kwencwadi yakhe evikela izindlela nokuhumusha Prause et al., 2015. Ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo kwe- “Incwadi eya kumhleli” kaPrause kusebenza njengokukhishwa kwamakhanda “kwamaqanda” ayintandokazi ka-debunker: I-Critique ye: Incwadi eya kumhleli "Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela izidakamizwa " (2016).

Ngamafuphi, azikho izifundo "ezikhohlisa ukulutha kwezidakamizwa." Leli khasi ibala zonke izifundo ezihlola ukwakheka kobuchopho nokusebenza kwabasebenzisi be-porn be-inthanethi. Kuze kube manje, sonke isifundo sinikeza ukusekelwa kwemodeli yokulutha kabi kocansi (kufaka phakathi izifundo ezimbili ze-EEG zikaPrause ezibalulwe ngaphambili: 1) Steele et al., 2013, 2) Prause et al., 2015.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi okuwukuphela kwesifundo se-Prause esishiwo "incwadi yakhe eya kumhleli" yayinezihloko ezihlangabezane ne-criteria yokulutha udoti. Ufunda lokho kulungile. Kuzo zonke izifundo ezikhonjiwe, eyodwa kuphela equkethe iqembu labantu abahlukumezayo, no-71% walezo zihloko kubike imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Awukwazi ukuqamba amanga ngokuthi “umlutha wezocansi” uma izifundo ozikhombayo zingaphenyi izihloko ezizohlolwa njengemilutha yezocansi ngokusebenzisa imigomo ejwayelekile.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, izindlela zikaPrause zokukhohlisa azihlangene nokulutha kocansi noma izinkomba zakhe azihlangene nenqubo yakhe ehlongozwayo. Isibonelo, incwadi kaPrause yathi "ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kungumphumela omubi kakhulu wokusetshenziswa kocansi." Lokhu yi utshani lomuntu njengoba kungekho phephandaba elibuyekezwe ngontanga eliye laphawula ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kungumphumela we- #1 wokusetshenziswa kocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho lesi simangalo sizibophezela emiphumeleni yokusetshenziswa kocansi, okungafani nemiphumela ye-porn Ukuba umlutha wezithombe. Kwesinye isibonelo, uPrause wathi imilutha yezocansi imane ine- "high sex drive" Okokuqala, isimangalo sokuthi izidakamizwa zocansi nezocansi zimane nje "zinesifiso sobulili esiphakeme" siphikisiwe Ucwaningo lwamuva lwe-24. Okwesibili, wacaphuna isifundo sakhe (Steele et al., 2013) njengokwesekwa, kodwa empeleni ithole ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn abanamacala amaningi-okusetshenziselwa ukubuka izithombe ze-porn Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili nomlingani. Okwesithathu, enkulumweni ye-2013 Ukudumisa wavuma ukuthi okuningi Steele et al. izihloko zathola izinkinga ezincane kuphela (okusho ukuthi babengewona abayingozi).

Njengoba i-Prause ithi izifundo zakhe ezimbili ze-EEG "zenza umlutha wobulili obungcolile" ake sihlole ukuthi u-Prause uthini, ukuthi yiziphi izifundo ezibike ngempela, nokuthi yiziphi ezinye amaphepha abuyekezwa ngontanga athi mayelana nezifundo.

Okokuqala, izifundo ezimbili ze-Prause (Prause et al., 2015, Steele et al., 2013.) kuhilelekile i izifundo ezifanayo. Iphutha elikhulu ezifundweni zePrause ukuthi akekho owaziyo ukuthi yikuphi, uma kukhona, kwezifundo zikaPrause ezihlangabezana nenqubo yokuthola umlutha wezocansi. Lezi zihloko ziqashwe ePocatello, e-Idaho ngezikhangiso ezikwi-intanethi zicela abantu “uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zocansi. "I-Pocatello, i-Idaho iphezu kwe-50% yama-Mormon, eziningi zezihloko kungenzeka ukuthi zazizwa kanjalo iyiphi Inani lokusebenzisa i-porn kuyinkinga enkulu. Ngakho-ke, okuthiwa "izilonda zobulili ezingcolile" kwakungeyona imilutha, njengoba engakaze ihlolwe ukulutha kwezocansi. Ungenzi iphutha, futhi Steele et al., I-2013 noma Prause et al., I-2015 ichaze lezi zihloko ze-55 njengezigqila ze-porn noma ngisho nabasebenzisi be-porn. Ukuqinisekisa ubuhlobo obuxubile bezikhonzi zakhe, u-Prause uvumile ku Inkulumo ye-2013 ukuthi ezinye zezihloko ze-55 zinezinkinga ezincane kuphela (okusho ukuthi zaziyizinkinga hhayi izidakamizwa ezingcolile):

“Lolu cwaningo belubandakanya kuphela abantu ababika izinkinga, kusuka kancane kancane ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukwa kwabo kwezinkanuko zobulili ezibukwayo. ”

Ngakho-ke, akukho nasinye isifundo esingasetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ukwenza "amanga" noma yini ephathelene nokulutha.

Ngaphandle kokungaqali ukuthi yiziphi zezihloko ezazingumlutha wezocansi, izifundo ze-Prause zenze hhayi ukuhlola izihloko zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha okucindezelayo, noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma yikuphi "ukutadisha ubuchopho" ngokulutha, funa ukudideka kunikeze imiphumela engenamqondo. Elinye iphutha elibulalayo ukuthi izifundo zePrause zazingezona ezehlukile. Kade amadoda nabesifazane, kuhlanganise ne-7 abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane, kodwa bonke baboniswa ngendlela ejwayelekile, mhlawumbe engathandekayo, engcolile, yocansi. Lokhu kuphela ukuphulukisa noma yikuphi okutholakele. Kungani? Ukufunda ngemva kokufunda kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane bahluke ngokuhluke kakhulu ebuchosheni ngezithombe zobulili noma amafilimu. Yingakho abaphenyi abanomdlandla obukhulu balinganisa izihloko ngokucophelela.

Okwesibili, njengeqembu, izihloko "ezibhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwazo kwezithombe zocansi" zazingenasidingo noma zijwayele i-vanilla porn, ehambisana nokubikezela kwesimo sokulutha. Nakhu isifundo ngasinye empeleni kubikwe ngezihloko:

  1. Steele et al., 2013: Abantu abanobuciko obukhulu-ukubukeka kwe-porn babenakho Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili nomlingani, kodwa hhayi isifiso esincane sokushaya indlwabu.
  2. Prause et al., 2015: Abasebenzisi be-porn abavamile babenabo Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ukuze kube nemifanekiso emibi ye-vanilla porn. Ukufunda okungezansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi "izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile" azikhombisi kahle izithombe.

Iphethini ecacile ivela kulezi zifundo ezimbili: "Abasebenzisi be-porn abanenkinga" babenqatshelwe noma bejwayele i-vanilla porn, futhi labo abanesibindi-sokusebenza kabusha kwezocansi bathanda ukushaya indlwabu ocansini kunokuya ocansini nomuntu wangempela. Ngokumane nje babengenasisekelo (inkomba evamile yokulutha) futhi bakhetha isisusa sokuzenzela kumvuzo wemvelo onamandla kakhulu (ubulili obuhlukanisiwe). Ayikho indlela yokuhumusha le miphumela njengokukhohlisa ukulutha kocansi.

Ukudumisa kubuye kumelele kabi ukutholakala kwezifundo zakhe kwabezindaba (okuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi le webhusayithi iphoqelelwe ukuthi ihlolisise izifundo / izimangalo zikaPrause). Njengezibonelo, nazi ezimbalwa zezimangalo ezizungezile Steele et al., 2013 futhi Prause et al., 2015.

Steele et al., 2013: Ukudumisa, njenge Steele et al. isikhulumi, sathi impendulo yezifundo zabafundi bayo yehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zemilutha (i-cocaine kwakuyisibonelo). Izingxoxo ezimbalwa zePrause:

Ingxoxo ye-TV:

Intatheli: "Bakhonjiswe izithombe ezahlukahlukene ezivusa inkanuko, kanye nokuqashwa kobuchopho babo."

Umkhuleko: “Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinkinga zocansi zingumlutha, besingalindela ukubona impendulo ezithuthukisiwe, mhlawumbe, kulezo zithombe zocansi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga yokungafisi, besizolindela ukubona izimpendulo ezinciphile kulezo zithombe zocansi. Futhi ukuthi asibubonanga obunye balobo budlelwane kusikisela ukuthi akukho ukuxhaswa okukhulu ekubhekeni kulezi zinkinga zokuziphatha ngokocansi njengomlutha. ”

Psychology Today interview:

Yayiyini injongo yocwaningo?

Ukudumisa: Ucwaningo lwethu luvivinywe ukuthi ngabe abantu ababika izinkinga ezinjalo babonakala njengamanye amilutha ezimpendulo zabo zobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili. Ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa, njenge-cocaine, kubonise indlela ephendulelayo yokuphendula ngobuchopho ezithombeni zezidakamizwa zokuhlukunyezwa, ngakho sabikezela ukuthi kufanele sibone iphethini efanayo kubantu ababika izinkinga ngocansi uma eqinisweni, umlutha.

Ingabe lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umlutha wezocansi kuyindabakwane?

Ukudumisa: Uma isifundo sethu sichazwa, lezi zithole zingabhekisela enselele enkulu emibhalweni ekhona yezocansi "ukulutha." Isizathu sokuthi lezi zithole ziletha inselelo ukuthi kubonisa ukuthi ubuchopho babo abuphenduli emifanekisweni efana nezinye izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa zabo umlutha.

Lokhu okushiwo ngenhla ukuthi "ubuchopho bezindaba abuzange buphendule njengezinye eziyimilutha" akulona iqiniso, futhi akukho lapho kungatholakala khona isifundo sangempela. Kutholakala kuphela ezingxoxweni zikaPrause. Ku- Steele et al., I-2013, lezi zihloko zinezifundo eziphakeme kakhulu ze-EEG (P300) lapho zibuka izithombe zocansi, okuyilokho okwenzekayo uma izilonda zibuka izithombe ezihlobene nokulutha kwabo (njengokungathi lolu cwaningo ku-cocaine umlutha). Ukuphawula ngaphansi kwe Psychology Today interview of Prause, kusho uprofesa ophezulu wezepolitiki uJohn A. Johnson:

“Ingqondo yami isalokhu ithi nhla ngesimangalo sikaPrause sokuthi ubuchopho babafundi bakhe abuzange buphendule ezithombeni zocansi njengobuchopho babalutha bezidakamizwa abaphendula ngomuthi wabo, uma kubikwa ukuthi ubika ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 kwezithombe zocansi. Njengemilutha ekhombisa ama-P300 spikes lapho ihanjiswa nomuthi wayo wokuzikhethela. Angasithola kanjani isiphetho esiphikisana nemiphumela yangempela?

UDkt. Johnson, owayengenalo umbono ngomlutha wobulili, waphawula okwesibili ngaphansi kwengxoxo ye-Prause:

I-Mustanski iyabuza, "Iyini injongo yocwaningo?" Futhi uPrause uyaphendula, "Ucwaningo lwethu luvivinywe ukuthi ngabe abantu ababika izinkinga ezinjalo [izinkinga zokulawula ukubuka kwabo kwe-eerotic online] kubonakala sengathi bangamanye amilutha ezimpendulo zabo zobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili."

(Said Johnson) Kepha lolu cwaningo aluzange luqhathanise ukuqoshwa kobuchopho kubantu abanezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kwe-eerotica eku-inthanethi nokuqoshwa kobuchopho okuvela eziluthweni zezidakamizwa nokuqoshwa kobuchopho okuvela eqenjini elilawula okungewona umlutha, obekungaba yindlela esobala yokubona ukuthi ubuchopho izimpendulo ezivela eqenjini elinezinkinga zibukeka njengezimpendulo zobuchopho zemilutha noma ezingewona imilutha…

Amaphepha amahlanu abuyekezwe ngontanga aselivezile iqiniso ngokungabi bikho kokwesekwa kwezimangalo zikaPrause ngomsebenzi weqembu lakhe:

  1. 'Isifiso Esiphezulu', noma 'Ngokusobala' Isiyaluyalu? A Response to Steele et al. (2014), nguDonald L. Hilton, Jr., MD
  2. I-Neural Correlates ye-Sexual Cue Reactivity ku-Individuals Without and Exhibsive Behaviors (2014), ngu-Valerie Voon, uThomas B. Mole, Paula Banca, uLaura Porter, uLaurel Morris, Simon Mitchell, uTatyana R. Lapa, Judy Karr, Neil A. UHarrison, uMarc N. Potenza, noMichael Irvine
  3. I-Neuroscience ye-Inthanethi Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile: Ukubuyekezwa Nokuvuselelwa (2015), nguTodd Love, uChristian Laier, uMatthias Brand, uLinda Hatch noRaju Hajela
  4. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili? Ukubuyekezwa Kwemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016), uBrian Y. Park, uGary Wilson, uJonathan Berger, uMathem Christman, uBryn Reina, uFrank Bishop, uWarren P. Klam no-Andrew P. Doan
  5. Izinyathelo Eziqaphelayo Nezingezona Zenhliziyo Yokuzizwa: Ingabe Ziyakhathaza Ngokuvame Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingcolile? (2017) ngo-Sajeev Kunaharan, Sean Halpin, Thiagarajan Sitharthan, uShannon Bosshard, noPeter Walla

2) Prause et al. 2015:

Kwisicelo sakhe sokuqala esingasekelwa uPrause wamemezela ngesibindi kuwebhusayithi yakhe ye-lab ye-SPAN, ememezela ukuthi isifundo sakhe sodwa "senza umlutha wezocansi":

Yimuphi umcwaningi ozoke athi ufuna ukukhipha a umkhakha osungulwe kahle wocwaningo futhi ukuphikisa zonke izifundo zangaphambilini ngesifundo se-EEG esisodwa?

UNicole Prause wabuye wathi ucwaningo lwakhe luqukethe i-122 izihloko (N). Empeleni, lolu cwaningo lwalunabasebenzisi abangu-55 kuphela “abasebenzisa kabi izithombe ezingcolile.” Abanye ababambiqhaza abangama-67 babekhona izilawuli, hhayi izihloko.

Esitatimendeni sesithathu esidabukisayo, Prause, et al. esho kokubili okubonakalayo nasemzimbeni wesifundo:

"Le yimininingwane yokuqala yokusebenza kwabantu ababika izinkinga zokulawulwa kwe-VSS."

Lokhu akusobala ukuthi kunjalo, njenge- Ucwaningo lwe-Cambridge fMRI ishicilelwe cishe unyaka ngaphambili.

Ngoba Prause et al., I-2015 ibike Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ku-vanilla porn (izithombe) ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezingcolile, kubhalwe ngenhla njengokusekela ukucabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-porn angapheli phansi kulawula ukuvusa ucansi. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi be-porn abangapheli babekhathazekile ngemifanekiso emihle ye-porn-ho-hum (okutholakeleyo okufanayo Kuhn & Gallinat., 2014). Lezi zithole zihambisana nokubekezela, isibonakaliso sokulutha. Ukubekezela kuchazwa njengokuphendula komuntu okunciphise emthini noma isisusa esiwumphumela wokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe. Amaphepha ayisikhombisa abuyekezwe ngontanga avumelana ukuthi lesi sifundo sitholile ukungafuni / ukuhlala kubasebenzisi bezintandokazi ezivamile

  1. Ukwehla kwe-LPP yezithombe zocansi kubasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga kungahle kuhambisane namamodeli wokulutha. Konke kuncike kumodeli (Commentary on Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015)
  2. I-neuroscience ye-Inthanethi ye-Pornography Umlutha: Ukubukeza nokuvuselelwa (2015)
  3. I-Neurobiology Yokuziphatha Ngokweqhaza Ngokuya Ngokocansi: Isayensi Evelayo (2016)
  4. Ingabe ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqeleka kungabhekwa njengokulutha umlutha? (I-2016)
  5. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016)
  6. Izinyathelo Eziqaphelayo Nezingezona Zenhliziyo Yokuzizwa: Ingabe Ziyakhathaza Ngokuvame Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingcolile? (I-2017)
  7. Izindlela zokuzicabangela izinkinga ekucindezelweni kokuziphatha ngokocansi (2018)

Umbhali we-critique wokuqala, isazi sezinzwa zezwe uNate Matez Gola, wasifingqa kahle:

“Ngeshwa isihloko esigqamile sikaPrause et al. Isihloko (sika-2015) sesivele sinomthelela emithonjeni yezindaba, ngaleyo ndlela sandisa isiphetho esingafanele.

Ucwaningo oluthile luveza izimangalo eziphikisanayo ngazo zombili izifundo. Ngaphakathi Steele et al., 2013 futhi okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi mayelana Steele et al. I-Prause ithi ukusebenza kancane kobuchopho (okutholakele Prause et al., 2015) kungabonisa ukujwayela noma ukulimala.

E-2013 Prause yashilo lokho Steele et al. bekungokokuqala ukufundwa kwe-EEG kurekhodwa kwababizwa nge- "hypersexourse." Njengoba lokhu bekuyiPrause “yokuqala” iyavuma ukuthi kungukucabangela okumsulwa kokuthi ngabe ama- “hypersexourse” kufanele babe nokufunda okuphakeme noma okuphansi kwe-EEG kunezihloko zokulawula okunempilo:

"Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi kungokokuqala ngqa ama-ERP eqoshwa kwabanobungqingili, kanti nezincwadi eziphathelene nokulutha (i-P300 ephakeme) kanye nokuxhamazela (okuphansi kwe-P300) kusikisela ukubikezela okuphikisanayo, ukuqondiswa komphumela we-hypersexual kucaciswe ikakhulukazi ngezizathu zethiyori." [Okusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesisekelo esiningi.]

As kuchazwe lapha Steele et al. U-2013 wayengekho iqembu elilawulayo, ngakho-ke uPrause wayengeke aqhathanise "ukufundwa kwe-porn" 'ukufundwa kwe-EEG "nabangewona imilutha." Ngenxa yalokhu, isifundo sakhe se-2013 asisitshelanga lutho ngokufundwa kwe-EEG kwabantu abaphilile noma "abenza ucansi." Ake siqhubeke nemibono kaPrause kusuka ku-2013:

"Ngakho-ke, abantu abanesifiso sobulili esiphakeme bangabonisa umehluko omkhulu we-P300 amplitude phakathi kwesimo sezocansi nezimo ezingathathi hlangothi ngenxa yesibindi nokuqukethwe okungokomzwelo kwesisusa. Ngenye indlela, umehluko omncane noma omncane we-P300 amplitude ungalinganiswa ngenxa yokujwayela i-visual sex stimuli (VSS). ”

Ngo-2013, u-Prause uthe izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili, uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli, zingabonisa:

  1. ephakeme Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ngenxa yokucubungula-ukubuyisela emuva kwezithombe, noma
  2. aphansi Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ngenxa yokujwayela i-porn (VSS).

Izinyanga ezinhlanu ngaphambili Steele et al. I-2013 yashicilelwe, uPrause noDavid Ley bahlanganyela ukuze babhale lokhu Psychology Today iposi blog mayelana nesifundo sakhe esizayo. Kuyo bathi “unciphise impendulo kagesi”Kungakhombisa ukujwayela noma ukungabi nandaba:

Kepha, lapho ama-EEG enikezwa laba bantu, njengoba bebheka isikhuthazo, imiphumela yayimangalisa, futhi ayihambisani neze nethiyori yokulutha ngokocansi. Uma ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile empeleni bekujwayele (noma kunganaki), njengezidakamizwa, ukubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile bekunganciphisa impendulo kagesi ebuchosheni. Eqinisweni, kule miphumela, bekungekho mpendulo enjalo. Esikhundleni salokho, ingqikithi yabahlanganyeli ikhombise ukukhuphuka kwezimpendulo zobuchopho bukagesi esithombeni esibonisayo esikhonjiswe, njengobuchopho babantu “abajwayelekile”…

Ngakho-ke, sinesidakamizwa se-2013 "Ukuncipha kokuphendula kukagesi" ingabonisa ukujwayela noma ukukhishwa kwesisusa (okuphakamisa umlutha). Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ku-2015, lapho i-Prause bathola ubufakazi bokungabi nenhlanhla (evamile emilutha), usitshela "Ukuncipha kokuphendula kukagesi" ukukhipha ukubheja kocansi. Huh?

Phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule kwakuthatha u-Prause ukuqhathanisa ulwazi lwakhe olukhathele olufana neqembu langempela lokulawula, wenze i-flip-flop ephelele. Manje, usho ubufakazi bokungabi namsola / ukujwayela lapho athola khona lapho enezela iqembu lokulawula akunjalo ubufakazi bokulutha (athi yi-2013 bekuzoba njalo). Esikhundleni salokho, uyaphinda agcizelele ukuthi “unenkinga yokulutha.” Lokhu akuhambisani nesayensi, futhi kusikisela ukuthi ngaphandle kokuphikisana nokutholakele, uzimisele ngokufuna ukuthi "unenkinga engavunyelwe."

SLIDE 19

Ososayensi baqhathanisa kanjani izinguquko zengqondo ezisekelwe phansi? Ama-brain scans of izinhlobo ezahlukene. Lezi zibuko ezithile zibonisa ukunciphisa impendulo yokuthakazeliswa kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa. Lokhu kanye nezinye izinguquko eziningana nazo zibonwe ekugembula ukugembula, izidakamizwa zokudla, futhi maduzane, imilutha yemidlalo yevidiyo.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Isithombe sesilayidi se-19 sivela Umlutha Wezidakamizwa Nesizathu Saso Esiyisisekelo Se-Neurobiological Isisekelo: I-Neuroimaging Ubufakazi bokubandakanywa kwe-Frontal Cortex (i-2002). Inkulumo ethi "ukunciphisa impendulo yenjabulo" isho ukungafuneki, okungachazwa njengokunciphisa ukuzwela komvuzo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kobuchopho obuhlobene nokubheja kuhilela ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi eside semikhemikhali nesakhiwo esishiya umlutha kancane ukuzwela injabulo. Ukwehliswa kwemvelo ngokuvamile kubonisa ukubekezelelana, okuyinto isidingo sezinga eliphakeme noma ukugqugquzela okukhulu ukufeza impendulo efanayo.

Izigaba ezilandelayo ziqukethe izinkulungwane zezifundo zezinzwa ezisekela isimangalo sami sokuthi, "Lezi zinguquko nezinye izinguquko ziye zabonakala nasezigqila zokugembula, izidakamizwa zokudla, futhi maduzane, imilutha yemidlalo yevidiyo":

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Lezi zingxenye ezingenhla ze-3 zisekela ngokugcwele izimangalo ezifakwe kusilayidi 19. Isilayidi se-18 sinikeza ukusekelwa okunamandla kulezi zinguquko ezifanayo zobuchopho ezenzeka emilutha yezocansi. Isilayidi esilandelayo sihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okunamandla kwezinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha ezenzeka kwi-inthanethi nakwimilutha yegeyimu yevidiyo.

SLIDE 20

Futhi manje, kuma-addicts e-inthanethi. Ngiyaxolisa ngokugcwalisa isilayidi ngezifundo zobuchopho - kodwa ngifuna wonke umuntu azi ukuthi zikhona. Vele uqaphele izinsuku - lezi zishintsha umshini. Kuze kube manje, wonke amaphuzu okucwaninga ngobuchopho aqondisa eyodwa kuphela: Ukuqamba okuzenzakalelayo-ngokuchofoza kungabangela ukulutha. Siyakwazi lokhu, ngoba lapho ososayensi behlola abaqashi be-intanethi, lobu buchopho buguqulwa ngokwabo. Ngeshwa, akekho kulezi zifundo ezihlukanisa abasebenzisi be-Internet be-porn-nakuba zifaka phakathi kwazo.

Nangu oshintsha umdlalo….

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Lonke ucwaningo olubhalwe ku-slide 20 lubike izinguquko zobuchopho eziluthweni ze-inthanethi eziveza lezo ezitholakala kwizidakamizwa (bekunezifundo ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 kepha yilokho kuphela engingakulinganisa nesilayidi esisodwa). Nalu uhlu lwezifundo zezinzwa ebuchosheni bezilutha ze-intanethi ezishicilelwe ngaphambi Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lezi zifundo zabika izinguquko zobuchopho ezingxenyeni ze-intanethi ezihambisana nesimo sokulutha.

  1. Ubufakazi bokuthi i-dopamine ebulalayo ikhululwa ngesikhathi semidlalo yevidiyo (i-1998)
  2. I-Dopamine izakhi zofuzo kanye nokuxhomekeka komvuzo kwabaselula abanokudlala ngokweqile kwegeyimu yevidiyo ye-internet (2007)
  3. Ukucubungula okucacile ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhompiyutha e-computer kumageyimu adingekayo (2007)
  4. Ithonya lokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-intanethi kumakhono okuhlola okuhlobene nomcimbi (2008)
  5. Imisebenzi yobuchopho ehlobene nokuncintisana kwezemidlalo yokulutha ukugembula kwe-intanethi (2008).
  6. Umphumela wokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-intanethi kumathuba okuhlobene nomcimbi we-N400 (2008)
  7. Umphumela we-methylphenidate ekudlaleni kwegeyimu yevidiyo ye-intanethi ezinganeni ezinenkinga yokukhathazeka kokugula (2009)
  8. Ukwenza izinqumo kanye nemisebenzi yokuvimbela impendulo yangaphambili ekusebenziseni ngokweqile kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi (i-2009)
  9. Ukukhubazeka Okumnyama Okunzima Kwe-intanethi: Isifundo Se-Voxel-Based Based Morphometry Study (2009)
  10. Umphumela wokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-Inthanethi esimeni se-frequency se-EEG (2009)
  11. Ukulutha komdlalo wekhompyutha nevidiyo-ukufaniswa phakathi kwabasebenzisi begeyimu nabasebenzisi abangewona umdlalo (2010)
  12. Ukuphulukiswa kwe-Bupropion okuqhubekayo okukhululwa kunciphisa ukulangazelela imidlalo yevidiyo nokusebenza okucutshungulwa kobuchopho ezigulini ezinokulutha komdlalo we-inthanethi ye-video (2010)
  13. Ukuguquguquka kwesimo se-cerebral glucose yesimo se-intanethi ku-internet game overusers: i-18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study (2010)
  14. Izinguquko kwi-Cue Inducted Prefrontal Cortex Umsebenzi nge-Game Game Play (2010)
  15. Ukuphenywa okuhlobene nomcimbi okubangelwa umcimbi wokulawulwa okungekho emthethweni kubantu abane-intanethi ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi (i-2010)
  16. Ukuvimbela ukuvimbela abantu abane-Disorder addiction disorder: ubufakazi be-electrophysiological evela ku-Go / NoGo isifundo (2010)
  17. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkinga zokulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwemizwa ye-autonomic: i-intanethi-umlutha we-intanethi yomsebenzi wokuzimela (i-2010)
  18. Ukwenyuka kwe-homogeneity yesifunda ku-addiction disorder disorder isimo sokuphumula esifundazweni sokufundwa kwe-imagon magnontic resonance (2010)
  19. Ucwaningo lwezinkinga ezihlobene nomcimbi ekusebenzeni inkumbulo yokulutha kwe-intanethi yezingane (2010)
  20. I-Driamatic Dopamine Ye-D2 Abamukeli Kubantu Abanobudisi be-intanethi (2011)
  21. Ukukhubazeka kwe-Microstructure ku-Adolescents nge-Internet Addiction Disorder. (I-2011)
  22. Ukutadisha kokuqala kokulutha kwe-intanethi nokusebenza kwengqondo kwabasha abasekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-IQ (2011)
  23. Ukuguqulwa kwe-P300 nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo ekuziphatheni ngezihloko ezine-disorder addiction disorder: Isifundo sokulandelela inyanga ye-3 (2011)
  24. Amadayimane e-intanethi abonisa ukukhubazeka kokulawula ukulawula ikhono lobufakazi obuvela kumbala wemibala: Umsebenzi we-Stroop (2011)
  25. Ukungahleleki Kwisinyathelo Esisencane Ukubhekana Nokubukeka Kwezisebenzisi Ezixhumene Ne-intanethi (2011)
  26. Ama-Brain correlates wokulangazelela ukugembula kwe-intanethi ngaphansi kokuvezwa kwe-cue kwizihloko nge-Inthanethi yokulutha ukubheja nokulandelwa kwezihloko. (I-2011)
  27. Impendulo ethintekayo eyenza abantu abadala abasha nge-inthanethi yokudlala umlutha (2011)
  28. Ukuvuselela Ukubheka Umvuzo Nokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa Ukulahlekelwa Kwama-Addicts E-inthanethi: Isifundo se-FMRI Ngesikhathi Sokuqagela (i-2011)
  29. Umsebenzi we-Brain nesifiso sokudlalwa kwegeyimu ye-Inthanethi (2011)
  30. Ukudlala ngokweqile kwe-intanethi nokwenza izinqumo: Ingabe abadlali abaningi kakhulu be-World of Warcraft banezinkinga ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngaphansi kwezimo eziyingozi? (I-2011)
  31. Isisekelo se-neural sokudlala ividiyo (i-2011)
  32. Umthelela wesistimu ye-dopaminergic ekulutha kwe-intanethi (2011)
  33. Imiphumela ye-electroacupuncture i-psycho-intervention ehlangene emisebenzini yokucabangela kanye nemikhuba ehlobene nomcimbi i-P300 futhi ihlukumeze ukungaboni kahle kweziguli ezinokulutha kwe-intanethi (2012)
  34. Ukubaluleka Okungajwayelekile Kwezingqinamba Ezinganeni Ezine-Addiction Disorder Disorder: I-Statistics-based Based Spatial Statistics Study (2012)
  35. Abathengisi be-Dopamine base-Striatal abaNcishisiwe kubantu abane-Addiction Disorder Disorder (2012)

I-Slide i-20 iphinde ithi izifundo ezimbalwa ze-addiction ze-intanethi zirekhodile ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutha umlutha nokushintsha kobuchopho obuhlobene nokulutha. Izifundo ezilandelayo zisekela lesi simangalo:

  1. Imiphumela ye-electroacupuncture i-psycho-intervention ehlangene emisebenzini yokucabangela kanye nemikhuba ehlobene nomcimbi i-P300 futhi ihlukumeze ukungaboni kahle kweziguli ezinokulutha kwe-intanethi (2012) - Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40 zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi nokwelashwa kutholwe kangcono ekuhlolweni kokuqonda, nezinguquko ezihambisanayo ze-EEG.
  2. Ukuguqulwa kwe-P300 nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo ekuziphatheni ngezihloko ezine-disorder addiction disorder: Isifundo sokulandelela inyanga ye-3 (2011) - Ukufundwa kwe-EEG okwehlisiwe (okubonisa ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo) kubuyele kumazinga avamile emva kwezinyanga ze-3 zokwelashwa.
  3. Ama-Brain correlates wokulangazelela ukugembula kwe-intanethi ngaphansi kokuvezwa kwe-cue kwizihloko nge-Inthanethi yokulutha ukubheja nasezifundisweni ezikhishwe (2011) - Ubuchopho bokudluliswa kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi basabela ngendlela ehlukile kunezinkinga zamakholomu e-intanethi.
  4. Ukukhulumisana kwe-intanethi, ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokuphoqelela, nokuphila kahle kwengqondo phakathi kwentsha: Ukufundwa kwe-longitudinal (2008) - Ukufundwa kwe-Longitudinal: "Ukusetshenziswa okuthunyelwe okusheshayo nokuxoxa emakamelo okuxoxa kwakuhle kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ngokucindezela nokucindezeleka kwezinyanga ezingu-6."
  5. I-Precursor noma i-Sequela: Ukuphazamiseka Kwemvelo Kubantu abane-Internet Addiction Disorder (2011) - Isici esiyingqayizivele ukuthi izifundo zocwaningo bezingasebenzisi i-intanethi ngaphambi kokubhalisa ekolishi. Ucwaningo lulandele unyaka wokuqala abafundi baseyunivesithi ukuthola ukuthi imaphi amaphesenti ahlakulela ukulutha kwe-intanethi, nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezingaba yingozi ekudlaleni. Ngemuva konyaka owodwa wesikole amaphesenti amancane ahlukaniswa njengezidakamizwa ze-intanethi. Labo abathuthukisa ukulutha kwe-intanethi ekuqaleni bebephakeme ngokwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe, kepha behlile kwizikolo zokucindezeleka kokukhathazeka, nobutha. Ingcaphuno: “Ngemuva kokuthola umlutha we-Intanethi amaphuzu aphakeme kakhulu abonwa ngokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ubutha, ukuzwela phakathi kwabantu, kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo, okusikisela ukuthi lena kwakuyimiphumela yenkinga yokulutha kwe-Intanethi. Asikwazi ukuthola isibikezelo esiqinile se-pathological sokulutha kwezidakamizwa kwe-Intanethi. Inkinga yokulutha ngokweqile kuyi-Internet ingaletha ezinye izinkinga kubantu abayimilutha ngezindlela ezithile. ”
  6. Ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi ye-intanethi kwi-Health Mental Health (2010) - Ucwaningo olulindelekile: "Imiphumela iphakamise ukuthi abantu abasha ekuqaleni abangenazo izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kepha abasebenzisa i-Intanethi ngokugula bangaba nengcindezi ngenxa yalokho."

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwashicilelwa kusukela Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bonke baye babika Ubuchopho Izinguquko kuma-addicts e-inthanethi ahambisana nesimiso sokulutha:

  1. Ukucatshungulwa kwengqondo engavamile kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi emsebenzini wokudweba ibhola: I-correlates ye-neural engaba khona ye-disembodiment evezwe ngu-FMRI (2012)
  2. Ukulawulwa kokukhubazeka okungenakukhubazeka ekungalweni kwesidakamizwa se-intanethi: Ukutadisha kwe-imagination ngokumangalisayo kwe-resonance. (I-2012)
  3. Umthelela wokwelapha komndeni ekuguquleni ebucayi bokudlala kwegeyimu ye-inthanethi nokusebenza kobuchopho kwabaselula abanomlutha we-inthanethi (2012)
  4. Ukuziqhenya nokuzivimbela ekubhekeni kwezemidlalo kuhlobene nokugembula kwezingane ezincane. (I-2012)
  5. Ukuguqulwa kwe-homogeneity yesifunda yokuphumula isimo somqondo wobuchopho emidlalweni yokudlala inthanethi. (I-2012)
  6. Iphutha lokucubungula nokusabela kokuphendula kumadlali wegeyimu we-computer ngokweqile: isifundo se-potentially-related related (2012)
  7. Ukusebenza kobuchopho kokubili ukukhwabanisa okuhehayo nokukhwabanisa phakathi kwezifundo ezingavumelani nokulutha ukugembula kwe-inthanethi nokuthembela kwe-nicotine. (I-2012)
  8. Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI lwesifiso esithathwe yizithombe zokuqamba emidlalweni yama-inthanethi emilutha (abesilisa abasha) (2012)
  9. Iningi le-grey esifundeni sezinkinga eziphezulu ezigulini ezinokulutha komdlalo on-line namageyimu we-professional (2012)
  10. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemifanekiso ukuhlukanisa kwembula i-thalamus ne-posterior cingulate cortex engavamile kuma-addicts e-intanethi (2012).
  11. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-voxel okusekelwe ekuhloleni kwe-morphometric yengqinamba yobuchopho ebuchosheni emidlalweni yemidlalo ye-inthanethi (i-2012)
  12. Ukukhathazeka kwengqondo ekubhekeni izithombe ze-intanethi ezihlobene negeyimu nokulahlekelwa okuphezulu kubantu abanomlutha wegeyimu ye-inthanethi (i-2012)
  13. Ukuqina Kwama-Cortical Ukungahleleki Kwe-Adolescence Ekuseni Nge-Gaming Addiction (2013)
  14. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Cue nokuvinjelwa kwayo kuma-computer abadlali bekhompuyutha ye-computer (2013)
  15. Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kobuchopho obusebenzayo kwabaselula abanomlutha we-inthanethi (i-2013)
  16. Indaba ebomvu kanye nezindaba ezimhlophe ezingekho esimweni sokulutha komdlalo we-intanethi (2013).
  17. Ukuguquguquka kokuziqonda kwengqondo kuma-addicts e-intanethi: Ubufakazi be-fMRI kusuka ezimweni eziguquguqukayo ezilula futhi ezilula ukushintsha (2013)
  18. Ukuxhumeka kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuzenzakalelayo yokuphumula kwenethiwekhi kwabaselula abanokulutha kwe-inthanethi (2013)
  19. Ukunciphisa ama-cortical ukuqina kwe-cortical kubantfwana besilisa abanomlutha we-intanethi (2013)
  20. Ukwehliswa kwezijeziso / izijeziso phakathi kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi: Imiphumela yokuziphatha kwabo okuluthayo (2013).
  21. Ukulinganisa kokuguquguquka okuphansi kwezimvamisa ezenzakalweni ezintsha ezinokulutha ukugembula kwe-inthanethi (i-2013)
  22. Ukubuka nje umdlalo akwanele: izimpendulo zomvuzo we-fMat ze-fMat zimpumelelo nokwehluleka kumdlalo wevidiyo ngesikhathi sokudlala esisebenzayo futhi esilandelanayo (2013)
  23. Yini eyenza izilingo ze-intanethi ziqhubeke zidlala ku-inthanethi ngisho nalapho zibhekene nemiphumela emibi kakhulu? Izincazelo ezingenzeka ezincwadini ze-FMRI (2013)
  24. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinga le-Voxel lokufaniswa kwe-perfon-label abanjwe nge-spin-label ebantwaneni abanomlutha we-inthanethi wokudlala (2013).
  25. Ukusebenza kobuchopho ukuvimbela ukuphendula ngaphansi kokuphazamiseka kokugembula ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2013)
  26. Ukulutha komdlalo we-inthanethi: Izindlela zamanje (2013)
  27. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezimpawu zengqondo kanye namazinga eSerum wezinkinga ze-Neurotransmitters e-Shanghai Adolescents ngaphandle nangaphandle kwe-Internet Addiction Disorder: Isifundo Sokulawulwa Kwamacala (2013)
  28. Ukuphumula kombuso we-beta nomdlalo we-gamma ekulutha kwe-inthanethi (i-2013)
  29. Ama-electroencephalographic (EEG) amaphethini okucubungula ubuchopho kwisampula yasemtholampilo yabantu abadala abathintekayo abanomlutha we-inthanethi (i-2013)
  30. Iphutha elingafanelekile-Ukuqapha Umsebenzi kubantu abane-Disorder Addiction Disorder: I-FMRI Study (2013) ehlobene nomcimbi.
  31. Imiphumela Ye-Addiction Internet kwi-Heart Rate Ukuhlukahluka Kwezingane Ezikhulile zesikole (i-2013)
  32. Ukungahleleki Okuhlobene Nephutha Okungenzeka Kungenzeka Ukuphenywa Kwempendulo Yokusebenza Kwabantu Ngabantu abane-Addiction Disorder Disorder (2013)
  33. Ukunciphisa umsebenzi we-lobe wangaphambili kubantu abane-Disorder addiction disorder (2013)
  34. Amaphethini e-EEG wokuphumula ahlukile ahlobene nokucindezeleka komorbid ekulutha kwe-inthanethi (i-2014)
  35. Ama-brains e-intanethi: ama-correlate ezakhiwe kanye nokusebenza okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Inthanethi (2014)
  36. Ukuxhumeka kwangaphakathi-Basal Ganglia ukuxhuma kwabasha abane-addiction internet (2014)
  37. I-Prefrontal Control kanye ne-Inthanethi Isidakamizwa A Model and Review of Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Findings (2014)
  38. Izimpendulo ze-Neural kuya emivuzo ehlukahlukene kanye nempendulo ebuchosheni bomlutha we-inthanethi obusha obutholakalayo ngombono we-resonance magnetic resonance (2014)
  39. Abantu abanomlutha we-intanethi babelana ngokungahambi kahle nokuhlukumeza okuphezulu neziguli ezixhomeke kulesosiphuzo (2014)
  40. Ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi ye-Brain Functional Disorder Disorder Disorder: Isifundo Sokufanekisa Isimo Sokubuyiselwa Kwesisindo Esibucayi (i-2014)
  41. Umsebenzi we-Higher Media Multi-Tasking Uhlotshaniswa nobunzima obukhulu obuGrey-Matter ku-Anterior Cingulate Cortex (2014)
  42. Ukusebenza kokusebenza kobuchopho ngenkathi kuphendulwa ukuphikiswa nokuphutha ekufundeni ngezihloko nge-Inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder: isifundo se-imaging samagnetic (2014)
  43. I-prefrontal ukungasebenzi kwabantu abane-disorder yokudlala i-intanethi: ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-imagon resonance imaging (2014)
  44. Ukungaziphathi kahle komkhuba nokukhubazeka okuphambene nomfutho wokuvimbela ukuvuthwa kwemisebenzi kubantwana abasha nge-intanethi yokulutha umlutha wembula nge-Go / No-Go isifundo se-fMRI (2014)
  45. Ukucabangela kwe-PET kwembula izinguquko zokusebenza kobuchopho ku-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2014)
  46. Ama-correl correlates wokuvimbela ukuphendula ekudleni kwe-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2014)
  47. I-spectroscopy ye-proton magnetic resonance (MRS) ekulutha komdlalo woku-inthanethi (i-2014)
  48. Ukunciphisa okungokwemvelo kokudlala emidlalweni ehlukumezayo kuncike ekuhlosweni komdlalo okhethwayo (2014)
  49. Izici ze-neurophysiological ne-neuroimaging phakathi kwe-intanethi yokudlala i-intanethi nokudakwa kokusetshenziswa kotshwala (2014)
  50. Ukwelashwa kweqiniso okungokoqobo kwe-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2014)
  51. Indaba engwevu engajwayelekile kanye nevolumu emhlophe yendaba 'kumilutha yemidlalo ye-Intanethi' (2014)
  52. I-cingulate-hippocampal synchrony eguquguqukayo ihambisana nokuhlukunyezwa kwabaselula abanenkinga yokudlala ye-inthanethi (i-2014)
  53. Ukuhlolwa kweengozi yokukhubazeka kubantu abanesifo sokudlala kwe-intanethi: ubufakazi be-FMRI obuvela emsebenzini wokuhlenga amathuba (2014)
  54. Ubuqotho be-fiber buthakathaka nokulawulwa kwengqondo kulabo abasha abane-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2014)
  55. Ukuhlolwa kwezinguquko ezincane ze-microstructure ku-grey indaba esebenzisa i-DKI kumlutha we-inthanethi wokudlala (2014)
  56. I-EEG ne-ERP esekelwe isitifiketi se-Internet Game Addiction Analysis (2014)
  57. Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwinethiwekhi yokulawula yokulawula kuhlobene nomsebenzi ophezulu ongasebenzi kahle ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2014)
  58. Ukushintsha okuhlukile kokusebenza kokusebenza kokusebenza kwabokubhema nabangaboni kahle nge-inthanethi yokulutha ukubheja (2014)
  59. Ukubandakanyeka okukhethiwe kokuhlanganiswa komsebenzi we-putamen ebusheni ne-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2014)
  60. Ukufana nokungafani phakathi kwe-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder, ukugembula kwesifo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Ukugxila kokungahambi kahle nokucindezela (2014)
  61. Ukucubungula ngempendulo ngenkathi kuthathwa ingozi kubantwana abanezici zokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi enenkinga (2015)
  62. Izakhiwo zobuchopho nokuxhumana okusebenzayo kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlukana komuntu ngamunye ekuthambekeni kwe-inthanethi kubantu abadala abasha (2015)
  63. Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo ze-neural sub -onza i-facebook "umlutha" (2014)
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  65. Ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwezinqubo ze-neurobiological kanye ne-pharmaco-genetic ezithinta i-intanethi nokulutha kwevidiyo (2015)
  66. Ukutholwa kwesici se-Electroencephalogram nokuhlukaniswa kubantu abane-Disorder Addiction Disorder ne-Visual Oddball Paradigm (2015)
  67. Ukucabanga Ngokwemodeli nokusebenza kwe-Inthanethi ye-Inthanethi (i-2015)
  68. Ama-Aberrant corticostriatal esebenza ngezifunda ezincane Internet Ukuba umlutha wezithombe ukuphazamiseka (2015).
  69. I-Internet ivuselele kanjani ukuqonda abantu? (I-2015)
  70. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi nokusetshenziswa komzimba nge-intanethi (i-2015)
  71. I-Neural substrates yokwenza izinqumo ezinobungozi kubantu abanomlutha we-inthanethi (i-2015)
  72. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinga legazi le-dopamine ne-inthanethi yokulutha izidakamizwa ezinganeni: isifundo se-pilot (2015)
  73. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kunenkinga kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko zesakhiwo ohlelweni lokuvuza lomqondo kubesifazane. (I-2015)
  74. Imemori yokusebenza, umsebenzi ophezulu nokungaziphathi kahle ezinkingeni zomlutha we-inthanethi: ukuqhathaniswa nokugembula kwezemvelo (2015)
  75. Uphazamise ukuxhuma okusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-hemispheric nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo kwi-inthanethi yokulutha kwezingane ezincane (i-2015)
  76. Ucwaningo lwe-Electrophysiological ekuluthweni kwe-intanethi: Ukubuyekezwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubili lwenqubo (2015)
  77. Isisekelo sezinto eziphilayo ze-intanethi ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi (iphinikhodi) kanye nokuthinta ukwelapha (2015)
  78. Ukungafani kokuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kokuxhomeka kotshwala kanye ne-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2015)
  79. Ukusebenzisana kobuchopho obukhulu nokulawulwa kwengqondo ekulawulweni kwe-intanethi abantu abaseminyakeni yobudala / ukukhula kwabantu abadala (2015)
  80. Ubuningi bezindaba ezimpunga futhi kuphazamise ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwe-amygdala kubantu abadala abane-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2015)
  81. Ukuhlaziywa kwesifundazwe sokuphumula njengesimo sezinto eziphilayo ezibhekene neziguli ezine-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder: Ukuqhathaniswa neziguli ezinezinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala nokulawula okunempilo (i-2015)
  82. Ukucubungulwa komvuzo okusetshenzisiwe kumathuluzi wekhompiyutha we-pathological: Imiphumela ye-ERP kusuka kumdlalo wokudlala we-Gaming-Design (2015)
  83. I-striatum morphometry ihlotshaniswa nokuhluleka kokulawulwa kwengqondo nokucindezeleka kwesifo ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2015)
  84. Ukuqeqeshwa kwegeyimu yevidiyo futhi uhlelo lomvuzo (2015)
  85. Ukunciphisa Ukuxhumana Okusebenza Kwe-Prefrontal Lobe Interhemispheric Ukusebenza Kwezinsana Nge-Intanethi Ye-Gaming Disorder: Isifundo Esiyinhloko Ukusebenzisa Ukubuyisela-State fMRI (2015)
  86. Izici ezisebenzayo zobuchopho kubafundi bekolishi nge-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2015)
  87. Ukuguqulwa kwezindaba ezimpunga ivolumu nokulawulwa kwengqondo kwabaselula abane-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2015)
  88. Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI lokulawulwa kwengqondo kumageyimu wezinkinga (i-2015)
  89. Ukuxhumeka okusebenzayo kokuphumula kombuso we-insula kubantu abadala abanobuchopho be-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2015)
  90. Ukuxhumanisa okulinganiselwe kokusebenza phakathi kwenethiwekhi yokulawula yokulawula kanye nenethiwekhi yomvuzo ichaza umdlalo we-intanethi ofuna ukuziphatha ngokungaxhunyiwe kwe-inthanethi (2015)
  91. Ingabe ukugembula kwe-intanethi-umlutha wokulutha kuyisondlo? (I-2015)
  92. Ukushintshaniswa kwe-Cardiorespiratory ku-Young Adult Male with Gaming Excessive Online (2015)
  93. I-Brain Reactivity eguquliwe ku-Game Cues Ngemuva kokuPhathwa kweGembula (i-2015)
  94. Imiphumela Yemiidlalo Yevidiyo kuCognition kanye nokuBungiswa kobuchopho: Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngezinkinga ze-Neuropsychiatric (2015)
  95. Ukungasebenzi komkhakha we-frontolimbic ngenkathi ufunga ukucubungula amagama ezintsha ezisencane ezine-Disorder Internet Disorder (2015)
  96. I-prefrontal engavamile ye-cortex yokuphumula kombuso ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nokuqina kwe-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2015)
  97. Izici ze-Neurophysiological ze-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder nesifo sokusebenzisa utshwala: isifundo se-EEG sokuphumula (i-2015)
  98. Ukulutha komdlalo (2015)
  99. Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwendawo ye-ventral tegmental kanye ne-nucleus accumbens ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder: ubufakazi obuvela ekuphumeni kombuso isithombe se-resonance magnetic (2015)
  100. Ukulawulwa Kokuqonda Okuphambene Ne-Prefrontal Ngokweqile Kwengqondo Ezinganeni Ezinezinkinga Zokudlala Kwe-intanethi (2015)
  101. Izinguquko ezisekelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ekuphakanyeni kokuguquguquka okuphansi kwe-frequency ku-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2015)
  102. Ukuvimbela ukuphazanyiswa okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabantu abadala abane-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2015)
  103. Ukwenyuka kwe-modulation ngezinga lokubeka ingozi ekusebenziseni ubuchopho ngenkathi kwenziwa izinqumo ezinganeni ezisenkingeni ye-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2015)
  104. I-neurobiological correlates ye-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder: Okufana nokugembula kwe-pathological (2015)
  105. Ukuxhumeka kobuchopho nokunciphisa kwengqondo kwabaselula abanenkinga yokudlala i-Inthanethi (i-2015)
  106. Ukuvivinya Ukuqinisekiswa Okubikezelayo nokwakhiwa kweMidlalo yeViyo yamaViyo yokuSebenza (2015)
  107. Ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kanye nenkumbulo yokusebenza ngokuphendula amagama ahlobene ne-intanethi phakathi kwentsha enobudlova be-inthanethi: Ukuqhathaniswa nokukhathazeka okungaqondakali / ukukhubazeka (2016)
  108. Ukwehluleka ekusebenziseni izindlela zokubuyiselwa kanye nokwehluleka kwesokunxele / kwesokudla komphumela we-cortical ekungcupheni kokulutha kwe-inthanethi (i-2016)
  109. Ukufaneka kwemifanekiso ye-resonance magnetic ye-intanethi kubantu abadala (2016)
  110. Abasebenzisi be-Intanethi abanenkinga Yokubonisa Ukukhubazeka Okungabonakali Kokulimaza kanye Nengozi Ukuthatha Ngokulahlekelwa: Ubufakazi obuvela Emisebenzini Ye-Stop Signal ne-Mixed Gambles (2016)
  111. I-Grey Matter Okubhaliwe Yomqulu Ne-White Matter Integrity ku-College Abafundi abane-Mobile Dependence (2016)
  112. Ukulangazelela ukukhanuka kwe-intanethi phakathi kwezilonda ze-inthanethi (i-2016)
  113. Izinguquko ezisebenzayo ezigulini ezinezinyosi ze-intanethi ezidalwe yi-adenosine zigcizelele ukugeleza kwegazi lokuphefumula kwe-cerebral ye-99mTc-ECD SPET (2016)
  114. Isono senhliziyo yokuphefumula isisetshenziswa sokuhlukunyezwa kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi ngezimo ezimbi nezingokomzwelo ezisebenzisa iziqeshana zamafilimu ezishukumisayo (i-2016)
  115. Iziphumo ze-neurobiological ezihlobene nezinkinga zokusebenzisa i-inthanethi (i-2016)
  116. Ukuthumela umbhalo nge-Texting Dependence, i-iPod Dependence, ne-Delay Discounting (2016)
  117. Amakhamuzi aphikisanayo nokwenza izinqumo ezikhohlisayo kubasebenzisi be-intanethi abanenkinga (2016)
  118. Ukukhubazeka kokucubungula ubuso kumaguli anesifo sokulutha kwe-intanethi: isifundo se-potentially-related relation (2016)
  119. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi: Amathonya amakhemikhali okuhlukahluka okusebenzayo kulesi sakhi se-OXTR, isisusa sokusebenzisa i-intanethi, kanye nezinkambiso zemasiko (2016)
  120. Isibonelo Sokukhetha Isiteshi Ezimbili Zokuhlela Imisebenzi Ye-EEG Yabasebasha Abasha abane-Inthanethi Ye-Inthanethi (2016)
  121. Umhlahlandlela We-Neuroscience We-Affective we-Molecular Study of Addiction Internet (2016)
  122. Ukukhipha ubuchopho, izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela nokunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi (2016)
  123. Umthelela womdlalo wevidiyo udlala ezindaweni ezincane zokwakhiwa kwengqondo: ukuhlaziywa kwesigaba se-cross-sectional kanye ne-longitudinal (2016)
  124. Ukuqaliswa kwe-ventral ne-dorsa striatum ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwe-inactivity ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2016)
  125. Ukuxhumeka kobuchopho nokunciphisa kwengqondo kwabaselula abanenkinga yokudlala i-Inthanethi (i-2016)
  126. Ama-circuits e-Frontostriatal, ukuphumula ukuxhumeka kokusebenza kombuso nokulawulwa kwengqondo ku-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (2016)
  127. Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi olungasebenziyo ngesikhathi somsebenzi onamandla ohlobene nomcimbi wokuhlola umcimbi kubantu abane-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2016)
  128. Ukuphumula-Isimo Sobuchwepheshe I-Catecholamine Nezinga Lokukhathazeka Emantombazaneni Amadoda aseKorea aseNtshonalanga nge-Internet Game Addiction (2016)
  129. Ukuhlaziywa Kwama-Network Kuveza Ukuxhumana Okusebenzayo Okuhlobene ne-Internet Addiction Tendency (2016)
  130. Ukuxhumana okusebenzayo okusebenzayo kwe-Insula ne-Nucleus Accumbens ku-Intanethi ye-Gaming Disorder: I-State Resting Study fMRI Study (2016)
  131. Okuqukethwe okuhlobene nobudlova emdlalweni wevidiyo kungaholela ekushintsheni okusebenzayo kumanethiwekhi okucubungula njengoba kuboniswe yi-FMRI-ICA kumadoda amancane (2016)
  132. Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kuma-gamers e-intanethi ngokweqile: Uphenyo lokuhlola olusebenzisa umlutha we-Stroop nesondlo esibukwayo (2016)
  133. Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwenethiwekhi esekelwe kubantu abakhulile abane-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2016)
  134. Inethiwekhi ye-mode yokuzenzakalelayo engasebenziyo kanye nenethiwekhi yokulawula ephezulu kubantu abane-disorder yokudlala i-inthanethi: Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezizimele ngaphansi komsebenzi wokuhlenga amathuba (2016)
  135. Ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi kwe-insular kokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuthatha izinqumo ezinobungozi kubantu abadala abasha nge-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2016)
  136. Ama-Correlates ashintshiwe angasetshenziselwa ukungaziphathi kahle ezinsheni ezine-Google Gaming Disorder (2016)
  137. Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi olungasebenziyo ngesikhathi somsebenzi onamandla ohlobene nomcimbi wokuhlola umcimbi kubantu abane-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2016)
  138. Izici ezisebenzayo zobuchopho kubafundi bekolishi nge-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2016)
  139. Umsebenzi wobuchopho okubhekiswe kumasu ahlobene nokugembula ku-Inthanethi Yemidlalo Yemidlalo ngesikhathi se-Addiction Stroop Task (2016)
  140. Izinguquko zokuziphatha ezihambisana nokukhokha kanye nokuguquka phakathi kwama-Gamers e-intanethi nokusetshenziswa kwe-Cue Exposure Therapy ku-Intanethi ye-Gaming Disorder (i-2016)
  141. I-correlates ye-neurochemical ye-intanethi yemidlalo ye-intanethi ezithombeni ezincane ngokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa kokukhathazeka kwesifo: Ukufundwa kwe-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) (2016)
  142. Umsebenzi wokuphumula wezwe oshintshiwe kanye nezinguquko kulandela ukungenelela kokuziphatha kokufuna ukungaxhunywanga kwe-inthanethi ye-inthanethi yokudlala (2016)
  143. Ukuhlola i-Neural Basis ye-Avatar Identification kwi-Gamers Inthanethi yama-Gamers nokuzi-Self-Reflection ku-Pathological Social Network Abasebenzisi (2016)
  144. Amanethiwekhi asebenzayo ebuchosheni obuningi kubantu abane-Internet yokudlala i-disorder: Ubufakazi bokuphumula kombuso fMRI (2016)
  145. Ucwaningo lokuqhathanisa ngemiphumela ye-bupropion ne-escitalopram kwi-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2016)
  146. Ukulawulwa kweziphathimandla ezingasebenzi kahle kanye nomjikelezo wesibalo kwi-inthanethi yokulutha izidakamizwa ngaphansi kokubambezeleka kokukhipha umsebenzi: ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ozimele (2016)
  147. Imiphumela yokufisa ukungenelela kokuziphatha kuma-neural substrates wokufuna ukukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2016)
  148. Inhlangano ye-topological ye-white matter network inethiwekhi yabantu abahlukunyezwayo nge-inthanethi (i-2016)
  149. Imisebenzi e-Autonomic eguquliwe kanye Nomuntu Okucindezelekile Izindlela Ezenzweni Zengane Ezesilisa Ezine-Adjecent Gaming Inthanethi (2016)
  150. Imiphumela yempikiswano kwi-covariance phakathi kwezinga lezingozi kanye nokusebenza kobuchopho ebantwaneni abane-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2016)
  151. Izinguquko zekhwalithi yokuphila nokusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abane-disorder yokudlala i-Inthanethi: Ukulandelwa kwezinyanga ezingu-6 (2016)
  152. Ukwanda kwenkokhelo yokuxhumana kokusebenza okusebenzayo kwabaselula abanenkinga yokudlala ye-inthanethi (i-2016)
  153. Ukuhluka kwesimo senhliziyo ye-intanethi ye-gaming disorder izidakamizwa emazweni angokomzwelo (i-2016)
  154. Ukunciphisa ukwehlisa isikhathi, ukuthatha ingozi, nokuzwela ukuzwela phakathi kwabantu abane-Internet ne-Video Gaming Disorders (2016)
  155. Ucwaningo lwe-Electrophysiological ku-inthanethi yokulutha: Ukubuyekezwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubili lwenqubo (2017)
  156. Imodi yokuzenzakalelayo eguquliwe, amanethiwekhi we-fronto-parietal namasenti ezintsha ezinomlutha we-inthanethi (i-2017)
  157. Indima yokulawulwa kokuvinjezelwa okungokomzwelo ekuluthweni kwe-intanethi ethize - isifundo se-fMRI (2017)
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  159. Ukuguqulwa kwe-anatomy ye-Brain okuhlobene nokulutha kwe-Social Networking Site (2017)
  160. Umphumela we-electro-acupuncture kuhlangene nokungenelela kwengqondo ezinzimweni zengqondo kanye ne-P50 yezinto ezibucayi ezikhishwayo ezigulini ezine-addiction disorder disorder (2017)
  161. Isikhathi Imali: Ukwenza Isinqumo Se-Smartphone Abasebenzisi Abakhulu Ekutholeni Nokulahlekelwa Ukukhethwa Kwe-Intertemporal (2017)
  162. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo ye-Inthanethi yokulutha komzimba kanye ne-correlates ye-neurobiological (i-2017)
  163. Ukusetshenziselwa kwe-Facebook kuma-smartphone kanye ne-gray grey volume ye-nucleus accumbens (2017)
  164. Ukulahleka ekuqapheliseni ubuso obusabekayo nokulutha kwe-intanethi: Ukucindezeleka okubonakalayo njengombhalisi (2017)
  165. Ukusabela okungajwayelekile kwe-Hedonic kuma-C Media Media Cues (2017)
  166. Izinguquko ezihlukile zomzimba ezilandela ukungena kwe-intanethi kubasebenzisi be-intanethi abaphezulu abanezinkinga (2017)
  167. Umehluko Ekuphumeni Kombuso We-Electroencephalography Amaphethini Wokunakekelwa Okunakekelwa / Ukugula Okungenakuqhathaniswa noma ngaphandle kwezimpawu ze-Comorbid (2017)
  168. Ukubukelwa okungavamile nokujeziswa kokuzwela Okuhambisana ne-Internet Addicts (2017)
  169. Ubufakazi obuvela ohlelweni lokuvuza, i-FRN kanye ne-P300 Effect ku-Inthanethi-Isiyaluyalu Entsha Abantu (2017)
  170. Ukulutha kwewebhu ngaphakathi ebuchosheni: Ukukhipha ama-cortical, umsebenzi wokuzimela, nezinyathelo zokuziphatha (2017)
  171. Ukukhipha Amanani Wokuxhumana Okusebenza Kokuphumula Okusebenzayo okuhambisana neTendency of Addiction Internet (2017)
  172. Inhlangano ephakathi kwezinto zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokuzihlonipha, i-narcissism kanye nomlutha we-inthanethi: Ucwaningo lwesigaba esiphambene (2017)
  173. Umthelela wokuncipha kwe-Intanethi kumanethiwekhi wokunaka womfundi weKholeji (2017)
  174. Ukwelashwa kwe-Electro-acupuncture yokulutha kwe-intanethi: Ubufakazi bokujwayelekile kwe-disorder control disorder kubasha (2017)
  175. Ukufisa ukukhwabanisa ku-intanethi-ukuphazamiseka kwengxoxo usebenzisa izibonisi ezibukwayo nezokuhlola embonweni we-cac-reactivity paradigm (2017)
  176. Ukunciphisa Ukunciphisa Amageyimu Wegeyimu Yevidiyo: Ukuqhathaniswa Nesikhathi Isikhathi Phakathi Kwemidlalo Ye-Gamers (2017)
  177. Ukucindezela ubunzima ebusheni besilisa nge-Internet Gaming Disorder (2017)
  178. I-correlates ye-neurophysiological yokuvimbela ukuphendula ekushintsheni kwe-intanethi yokudlala i-intanethi nokukhathazeka okucindezelayo: Izimpendulo ezivela ekungalingeni nasekucindezelweni (2017)
  179. Ukugembula kwandisa ukunxanela kokuzijabulisa okuhlobene nokugembula kubantu abane-disorder yokudlala ye-inthanethi (i-2017)
  180. Ukuxhumeka okusebenzayo okusebenzayo kwinethiwekhi yokuzenzakalelayo ye-inthanethi ye-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi: I-Influence ye-ADHD yobuntwana (i-2017)
  181. Ukungqubuzana komuntu ngamunye kumakhono okufunda okuphelele nokuziphatha okungaqondakali esimweni sokulutha kwe-intanethi ne-Internet Gaming Disorder ngaphansi kokucabangela ubulili (2017)
  182. Intuthuko entsha ekucwaningweni kobuchopho kwe-intanethi kanye ne-disorder disorder (2017)
  183. Izinhlangano eziphakathi kokushintsha kwesibonakaliso sezithombe kanye nokwenza umsebenzi we-slow-wave kumagciwane anesifo se-Internet sokudlala: Isifundo se-EEG sokuphumula (i-2017)
  184. Ukuvimbela ukuphendula kanye ne-Internet Gaming Disorder: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Meta (2017)
  185. Izinqubo ze-neural dissociable ngesikhathi sokuthatha izinqumo ezinobungozi kubantu abane-disorder-gaming disorder (2017)
  186. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwemizwelo yezwe kanye nokuxhumeka komsebenzi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yemodi yokuzenzakalelayo kungahlukanisa i-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder kusuka ekulawuleni okunempilo (i-2017)
  187. Ukuxhumeka kwe-Neural ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder nokusetshenziswa kwesidakwa: Ukufunda ngokubambisana kwe-EEG yokuphumula (2017)
  188. Ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwe-prefrontal cortex kuhlobanisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-Internet yokudlala ingxabano kanye nokucindezeleka kwemizwa (2017)
  189. I-metabolomics ehlolisisayo ye-biomarker identification ye-intanethi yokudlala ye-intanethi kumaduna aseKorea amancane (i-2017)
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  191. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Electroencephalography (EEG) Ukubambisana phakathi kwe-Major Depression Disorder (MDD) ngaphandle kwe-Comorbidity kanye ne-MDD Ukunciphisa i-Internet Gaming Disorder (2017)
  192. Ukuthatha izinqumo okuguquguqukayo, isinqumo esiyingozi, nesitayela sokwenza isinqumo se-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2017)
  193. Ukucubungula Okungaqondakali Kwamazwi Ebuso Ngabantu Abanye Ne-Inthanethi Yemidlalo Yezokudlala (2017).
  194. Ivolumu ye-hippocampal eguquguqukile nokuxhumeka kokusebenza kumaduna ane-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder ngokuqhathanisa nalabo abanesifo sokusebenzisa utshwala (2017)
  195. Ukuxhumeka okuguquguqukayo kokuzenzakalelayo-imodi, ukulawula okulawulayo nokulawula komsakazo ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2017)
  196. Umehluko ekuxhumaneni komsebenzi we-cororsx ye-dorsolateral prefrontal phakathi kwabokubhema nokuxhomeka kwe-nicotine kanye nabantu abane-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala (i-2017)
  197. Imisebenzi Yobunjiniyela Ebenziwe Ehlanganiswe Nokuzikhandla Nokuzikhandla Kwezenzo kubantu abane-Intanethi ye-Gaming Disorder: Ubufakazi obuvela Ngokuqhathaniswa Nabasebenzisi Bamageyimu We-Inthanethi Yokuzilibazisa (i-2017)
  198. Impact yemidlalo yevidiyo kwi-plasticity ye-hippocampus (i-2017)
  199. I-correlates ehlukile ye-neurophysiological yokucutshungulwa kolwazi ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokusetshenziswa kotshwala kulinganiswa ngamathuba okuhlobene nomcimbi (2017)
  200. Umlutha Wegeyimu Wevidiyo Emphakathini Okhulayo: Ubufakazi Bokuhamba Ngokwemvelo Ye-Pathology Emidlalweni Yegeyimu Yevidyo Njengokweqhathaniswa Nokulawulwa Kwezempilo Okufanayo (i-2017)
  201. Ukusabalalisa ukucabangela ukucabangela kobuqotho besakhiwo se-white correlates ngokungathandeki kwentsha nge-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2017)
  202. Isiqephu Sokuziphatha Kwezingqalasizinda Emdlalweni Wegeyimu Wevidiyo Eyinkimbinkimbi (I-2017)
  203. Ukuhlaziywa kwamaqembu okuzimela okumele kubonakalise ukushintshwa kwesigungu sokulawula esiphezulu se-intanethi ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2017)
  204. Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi olungasebenzi okubhekene neziguli ezine-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala: Ucwaningo lwe-ERP lwenyanga-XP (6)
  205. Ukubaluleka okungavamile kokuvutha nokungafisi kwabantu abadala abanobuchopho be-Internet (2017)
  206. Ukubukezwa okubuyekezwayo kwi-Brain Studies Imaging of Internet Gaming Disorder (2017)
  207. Ukuqhathaniswa kokuxhumeka kobuchopho phakathi kwe-Inthanethi yokugembula kwengxabano kanye ne-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi: Isifundo sokuqala (2017)
  208. Ukungaziphathi kahle nokucindezela ku-intanethi yokudlala i-inthanethi: Ukuqhathaniswa nesifo esiphuthumayo nesifo sokusebenzisa utshwala (2017)
  209. Impendulo Yokukhubazeka Yokucubungula Umvuzo Ophawulekayo Kubantu Abanye Abasebenzisa I-Inthanethi Ye-Overuse (2017)
  210. Ukulahleka kwezinto ezibuhlungu ngokwe-Orbitofrontal njengemakethe we-Internet yokudlala ingxabano: ubufakazi obuguqulwayo obuvela kumklamo wesigcawu esiphambene nesigaba eside (2017)
  211. Ukuqhathaniswa nemiphumela yeBupropion ne-Escitalopram kwi-Inthanethi ye-Inthanethi ngokweqile kuma-Patients ane-Major Depression Disorder (2017)
  212. Ukuzwelana Nokungabi Nesifo Ukucubungula Kwabanye Abantu abane-Disorder Addiction Disorder: Isifundo Esingahle Sihlolwe Ngomcimbi (2017)
  213. Ukungahleleki Kwama-Brain Network Okwenziwe Ngezihloko Nge-Addiction Internet (2017)
  214. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-Inthanethi ye-Addiction ne-Fitness Fitness, amazinga we-Hemoglobin namazinga we-Leukocyte kubafundi (i-2017)
  215. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Smartphone Ukuqashelwa Ukuqashelwa Emibhalweni Yemzwelo usebenzisa i-Brainwaves ne-Deep Learning (2017)
  216. Ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kwe-neural ku-disorder ye-inthanethi yokudlala: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta (2017)
  217. Ukucubungula nge-Neural of Stimuli Engalungile Kushintshe Emkhakheni Wokuzimela Kuzimele Ezenzweni Zezidakamizwa? Ukuthola okuvela ku-Drug-Naïve Youth nentsha ye-Inthanethi yemidlalo ye-Gaming Disorder (2017)
  218. Ukubhebhethekisa Inthanethi Kudala ukungalingani Ubunjiniyela (2017)
  219. Imiphumela emibi yemidlalo yegeyimu edlala ngokubhekelana nokubukela ithelevishini kubakaki bokucindezeleka nokudla kokudla ngokweqile nokugqilaza amadoda asebasha: Isivivinyo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe (2018)
  220. Umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka we-Prefrontal Function Uhlangene Nokungabi Nesisindo Kwabantu abane-Inthanethi Yezokudlala Kwemidlalo ngesikhathi seKwethula Ukunciphisa Umsebenzi (2017)
  221. I-WIRED: Umthelela wokusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana nezobuchwepheshe ekucindezelekeni (cortisol) nokuvuvukala (interleukin IL-6) emindenini esheshayo ehamba phambili (2018)
  222. Ukuthola Ukufuna Ukugembula Ezinganeni Ezinezinkinga Zokudlala Kwe-inthanethi Ukusebenzisa i-Multimodal Biosignals (i-2018)
  223. Isibonelo se-Tripartite Neurocognitive of Internet Gaming Disorder (2017)
  224. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokugembula eduze-kungaphumeleli kwi-Inthanethi Yemidlalo Yokudlala: Isifundo sokuqala (2018)
  225. Ukucindezeleka kwe-Autonomic nokuzikhandla kwabantu abanenkinga yokusebenzisa i-Inthanethi (2018)
  226. I-Internet Communication Disorder kanye nesakhiwo sobuchopho bomuntu: ukuqonda kokuqala ku-WeChat ukulutha (2018)
  227. Ukuguqulwa kokuxhumana nokusebenza okusebenzayo kwe-State Static and Dynamic Ukusebenza kwe-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex kwizihloko ezine-Internet Gaming Disorder (2018)
  228. Ukudluliswa kwe-Pavlovian-to-instrumental: I-paradigm entsha yokuhlola izindlela ze-pathological mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezicelo ze-inthanethi (i-2018)
  229. Ukuhlukumeza okumhlophe ku-anterior cingulate ne-orbitofrontal cortex yabantu abadala abanobudlelwane be-inthanethi yokudlala: i-Surface based based morphometry (2018)
  230. Izakhiwo zeBrain ezihambisana ne-Inthanethi Umlutha Ukuthambekela kwabasebasha be-Google Play Players (2018)
  231. Ukujikeleza Amanothi Wokuveza I-MicroRNA Ahlobene Ne-Gaming Disorder (2018)
  232. Ukushintsha kwezinga lezinhliziyo eliguqukile ngesikhathi sokugembula ku-Intanethi ye-Gaming Disorder (2018)
  233. I-Grey Ishintshiwe Ebonakalayo I-Volume ne-Resting-State Ukuxhumeka Kubantu Ngamanye Amageyimu Wokudlala Amanethiwekhi: I-Voxel-Based Based Morphometry and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Imaging Resonance Study (2018)
  234. Ukuqina Okunamandla Okubumbene Okuhambisana Nezibonakaliso Ezinzima Emadodeni Omabili Ane-Inthanethi Yokudlala Amageyimu: Isifundo Esisekelwe Esikhathini Esisekelwe Ku-Morphometric Study (2018)
  235. Ukuxhumeka kokusebenza kobulili nokuthanda ngesikhathi sokudlala nokuziyeka ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuphumula okuphoqelekile: Impumelelo yentuthuko nokuqhubeka kwe-inthanethi yokudlala ingozi (i-2018)
  236. I-Bupropion ibonisa imiphumela ehlukile ekuxhumaneni okusebenzayo kweBrazil ezigulini ezine-Internet-based Based Gambling Disorder kanye ne-Internet Gaming Disorder (2018)
  237. I-Inthanethi ye-Inthanethi ye-Intulsive I-Play Is Associated With Ukuxhumana Okusebenzayo Okuqhubekayo Phakathi Kwendlela Yokuzenzakalelayo Nezingcingo Zezingqondo Ezigulini Ezicindezelekile Ezine-Short Allele yeSerotonin Transporter Gene (2018)
  238. I-Comorbidity Between Internet Gaming Disorder kanye Nokucindezeleka: Ukusebenzisana Nezindlela Neural (2018)
  239. Ubufakazi bokuqala bokuguqula indaba ephuzi ngokweqile kwizihloko nge-intanethi yokudlala i-intanethi: izinhlangano nomlando wokunakekelwa kwezingane / ukungabi namandla izimpawu ze-disorder (2018)
  240. Inzuzo yokuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo kolwazi lwenethiwekhi phakathi kwezimo eziphuthumayo ze-intanethi: ubufakazi bokuziphatha ne-ERP (i-2018)
  241. Ukungafani kwe-cortical nokuvama kwe-inthanethi yokudlala kwe-inthanethi: Ubufakazi bokuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi begeyimu ye-Inthanethi yokuzilibazisa (i-2018)
  242. Amageyimu anomlutha wemidlalo athola okuningi nge-self-self yabo: Ubufakazi be-Neural (2018)
  243. I-Correlates ye-Neurobiological ku-Intanethi ye-Amageyimu we-inthanethi: Ukubuyekezwa Kwamabhuku Eyisistimu (i-2018)
  244. Ukuzikhohliswa kokukhubazeka ebusheni ne-Inthanethi Umlutha: Ubufakazi obuvela kwi-Attention Network Task (2018).
  245. I-genomics yezenhlalakahle yokudlala kwe-intanethi enempilo nokuphazamiseka (i-2018)
  246. Izinguquko zesikhathi eside ku-Neural Ukuxhumana Ezigulini Ezinezinkinga Zokudlala Kwe-inthanethi: Isifundo sokubambisana se-EEG sokuBuleka.
  247. Umsebenzi we-Electrophysiological uhlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa kokulutha kwe-intanethi kubantu abangahlali emitholampilo (i-2018)
  248. Ukubambisana nokucubungula i-Stimuli engalungile kubasebenzisi be-Intanethi: Izinkambiso zokuqala ezivela emsebenzini we-Emotional Stroop (2018)
  249. Ukunciphisa izinga le-Serum Glutamate ku-Adult Adults ne-Internet Gaming Disorder: I-Pilot Study (2018)
  250. Umsebenzi Wokubuyisela-Uhulumeni We-Prefrontal-I-Striatal Circuits ku-Intanethi Ye-Gaming Disorder: Izinguquko Ngokwelapha Nokuziphendulela Kokuziphendulela (I-2018)
  251. I-Neural Correlates Ye-Self-Concept Self-Concept in Individual With Internet Gaming Disorder: A Functional MRI Study (2018)
  252. Ukuhlukanisa Amageyimu E-Intanethi Ezingapheliyo Nezibalo ezingasebenzisa Izici Ze-Neuroanatomical (2018)
  253. Ukungqubuzana komuntu ngamunye kumakhono okufunda okuphelele nokuziphatha okungaqondakali esimweni sokulutha kwe-intanethi ne-Internet Gaming Disorder ngaphansi kokucabangela ubulili (2018)
  254. Yeka Ukuxosha: I-Relative Level of Facebook Inselele Ihlanganiswe Nendlela Ecacile Indlela Yokukhuthaza i-Facebook Stimuli (2018)
  255. Ingabe "ukuphoqeleka ukuphoqelela" ekugembula kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kocansi? I-Insight evela ku-Aprili 2018 ukuphazamiseka kweziphakeli ze-Fortnite (2018)
  256. Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile imidlalo ye-Inthanethi kuhlangene nokuguqulwa kokuxhumana okusebenzayo kwe-Fronto-Striatal Ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwempendulo (2018)
  257. Umhleli: Izindlela ze-Neural ezitholakala ngaphansi kwe-Inthanethi yezokudlala i-Disorder (2018)
  258. Ukuguquguquka Kwemvelo Yengqondo Eguqukile Phakathi Kwegeyimu Ye-Gameplay ku-Intanethi Yezokudlala Kwe-intanethi: Umphumela Wezimo Ngesikhathi Yegeyimu (2018)
  259. I-Neural Correlates ye-Bias Engqondweni Ephelele Yomuntu Okubhekene Nezimo Ezihlobene Ne-intanethi Ngokweqile Inthanethi: I-ERP Study (2018)
  260. Izifunda ze-Anterior Cingulate I-Cortex Ifomu Lokungafani Ukuxhumana Okusebenzayo Amaphethini Amaduna Asemantwaneni Ane-Disorder Disorder Disorder With Ukucindezeleka Kwe-Comorbid (2018)
  261. Ukungezwani okuhlobene ngokobulili kumpendulo ye-neural kwimigomo yokudlala ngaphambi nangemva kokudlala: Imiphumela yokukhubazeka okuqondene nobulili ku-inthanethi yokudlala i-disorder (2018)

I-Slide 20 iphinde ithi izifundo zokulutha izidakamizwa ze-intanethi ziye zafakazela ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu nokushintsha kobuchopho obuhlobene nokulutha. Izifundo ezinjalo ezingamashumi amathathu zanikezwa ku isigaba esisekelwayo esisha se-Slide 11.

SLIDE 21

Ekugcineni, sinamaqembu amantombazane angasasebenzisi izithombe ze-intanethi. Kulungile. Abasebenzisi abanamandla bayinikeza ngokuzithandela izinkulungwane. Laba bantu bengekho "iqembu lokulawula" elingaziwa ekuhlolweni okukhulu kwe-porn. Bakhombisa ochwepheshe lokho okushintsha okuguquguqukayo okukodwa okungakwenza.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Kunezingqikithi ezimbalwa zamaforamu esiye sabona ukuxoxa ngokuphulukisa izinkinga ezihlobene nezocansi ngokuqeda ukuhluka okukodwa: i-porn.

Mayelana nezindaba ze-5,000 ezibhalwe lapho amadoda (nabesifazane abambalwa) beqeda ukusetshenziswa kwe-porno futhi baphulukisa izimpawu ezinzima, kuhlanganise nokuhlukunyezwa okungavamile ngokobulili, izinkinga ezingokomqondo nezingokomzwelo:

Amakhulu okuzibika ngokwengeziwe ngabasebenzisi abasha be-porn ababika izimpawu nezimo ezihlukahlukene emva kokuqeda izithombe ezingcolile:

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Indlela enhle yokuhlola imiphumela ye-porn ukuthi abasebenzisi bathathe ikhefu. Ngo-2011 izifundo ezinjalo kwakusamele zishicilelwe. Ngakho-ke ngithembele kuma-anecdotes. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2016 ngishicilele leli phepha elibukeziwe kontanga kumagazini I-Addicta: Ukuqeda i-Internet engapheliyo yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile Sebenzisa ukuveza imiphumela yalo (2016).  Ephepha, ngichaza ucwaningo oluthile olunabasebenzisi be-porn eliqeda ukuhlukahluka okukodwa - i-porn inthanethi. Njengoba ku-2017, kuneziqu ze-8 kuphela lapho abasebenzisi be-porn bazama ukugwema khona izithombe ezingcolile. Zonke izifundo ze-8 zibike imiphumela embi. Izifundo eziyisishiyagalombili kwabayisishiyagalombili zaziqukethe abasebenzisi bezithombe eziphuthumayo ngokucindezeleka okukhulu kocansi ukugwema izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Lezo zici ze-5 zibonisa ukuthi i-causation njengoba iziguli ziphulukise ukuhlukunyezwa okungavamile ngokocansi ngokususa okuguquguqukayo okulodwa (izithombe zobulili ezingcolile):

  1. Imikhuba yokushaya indlwabu kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (2016)
  2. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016)
  3. Umkhuba ongavamile we-masturbatory njengento etiological ekuxilongweni kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kumadoda amasha (2014)
  4. Isimo se-Psychogenic Anejaculation: Isifundo Sezifundo (2014)
  5. Kunzima kangakanani ukuphatha ukujula okwephuzile ngaphakathi komodeli wesikhashana ongokwengqondo? Ukuqhathaniswa kwesifundo (2017)

Ezinye izifundo ezintathu:

6) Imivuzo Yokuhweba Kamuva Yenjabulo Yamanje: Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithombe Ezingcolile Nokuphuza Isaphulelo (2015) - Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile ezithatha abahlanganyeli, abangeke bakwazi ukuphuza ukuzithokozisa. Lolu cwaningo oluyingqayizivele lwenze nabasebenzisi be-porn ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwama-porn kumaviki e-3. Ucwaningo lufumene ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-porn causally okuhlobene nokungakwazi okukhulu ukubambezela ukuthokozisa (qaphela ukuthi amandla okubambezela ukuthokozisa umsebenzi wecortex yangaphambili). Isifundo sokuqala (seminyaka yobudala engama-20 yeminyaka ephakathi) sisebenzisa izithombe zabo zobulili ezingcolile ngezikolo zabo emsebenzini wokubambezeleka obambezelekile. Ingcaphuno:

Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile ezenziwa ngabathintekayo, lapho bebona khona imivuzo ezayo njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kunemivuzo esheshayo, nakuba imivuzo yesikhathi esizayo yayigugu kakhulu.

Ucwaningo lwesibini (ubudala obuphakathi kwe-19) lwenziwe ukuhlola uma ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn izimbangela ukuphushulwa kokubambezeleka, noma ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuzithokozisa. Abacwaningi bahlukaniswe abasebenzisi be-porn bamanje ngamaqembu amabili:

  1. Iqembu elilodwa libalekile ekusetshenzisweni kocansi kwamaviki e-3,
  2. Iqembu lesibili lala ukudla okuthandayo kumaviki e-3.

Bonke ababambiqhaza batshelwa ukuthi ucwaningo belumayelana nokuzithiba, futhi bakhethwa ngokungahleliwe ukuthi bayeke ukwenza imisebenzi abayabelwe. Ingxenye ehlakaniphile ukuthi abacwaningi babe neqembu lesibili labasebenzisi be-porn abangafuni ukudla ukudla abakuthandayo. Lokhu kuqinisekise ukuthi i-1) zonke izifundo ezihileleke emsebenzini wokuzithiba, kanye ne-2) ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn kweqembu lesibili akuzange kuthinteke. Ekupheleni kwamaviki ama-3, ababambiqhaza babebandakanyeka emsebenzini wokuhlola isephulelo sokubambezeleka. Inothi elibalulekile: Ngenkathi "iqembu lokuziqhenya ngocansi" libuka kakhulu Ngaphansi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunabantu “abangafuni ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu,” iningi labo alizange likugweme ngokuphelele ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile. Imiphumela:

Njengoba kwabikezelwa, ababambiqhaza abazithiba ngesifiso sabo sokudla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile bakhetha amaphesenti aphakeme emiphakathini emikhulu, kamuva eqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli ababenokuzithiba kokudla kwabo kodwa baqhubeka bechitha izithombe ezingcolile.

Iqembu elinciphise ukubukwa kwabo kocansi amasonto ama-3 likhombise isaphulelo sokulibaziseka okuncane kuneqembu elivele lidedele ukudla elikuthandayo. Kalula nje, ukuyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kukhulisa ikhono labasebenzisi be-porn lokulibazisa ukuzithokozisa. Kusuka esifundweni:

Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kokufundwa kwe-Longitudinal kwe-Study 1, sibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene nokulingana okuphakeme kokuphuza ukuphuza. Ukusebenzisa ukuzithiba kusizinda socansi kunomthelela oqinile ekuphusheni ukulibaziseka kunokusebenzisa ukuzithiba kwesinye isidlo esithokozisa umzimba (isb., Ukudla ukudla okuthandayo).

7) Indlela Ukuziqeda Kuthinta Izintandokazi (2016) [imiphumela yokuqala] - Amaphuzu avela kulesi sihloko:

Imiphumela Yamandla Wokuqala - Ukutholwa Okusemqoka

  1. Ubude bezakhamuzi ezide kunazo zonke ze-streak ezenziwe ngaphambi kokuba zihlanganyele ekuhloliseni kokuhlolisisa ngezintandokazi zesikhathi. Ucwaningo lwesibili luzophendula lo mbuzo uma izikhathi ezinengi zokuziqeda zenza abahlanganyeli bakwazi ukuphuza umvuzo, noma uma abanye ababambe iqhaza ngesiguli bengase bakwazi ukwenza izintambo ezinde.
  2. Isikhathi eside sokuziyeka singase sibangele ukuvuswa kwengozi encane (okulungile). Ucwaningo lwesibili luzonikeza ubufakazi bokugcina.
  3. Ubuntu buhambisana nobude be-streaks. Umvuthwandaba wesibili uzokwethula uma ukuyeka ukuthinta ubuntu noma uma umuntu engachaza ukuhlukahluka ebude bezintambo.

Imiphumela Yamandla Wesibili - Ukutholwa Okusemqoka

  1. Ukugwema izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokushaya indlwabu kwandisa ikhono lokubambezela imivuzo
  2. Ukubamba iqhaza esikhathini sokuziqeda kwenza abantu bazimisele kakhulu ukuthatha izingozi
  3. Ukuziqhenya kwenza abantu bavelele ngokwengeziwe
  4. Ukuziqeda kwenza abantu baxoshwe, baqaphele futhi bangabi neurotic

8) Uthando Lungahlali Kuphela: Ukusebenzisa Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nokuzibophezela Okunciphise Kwangxenye Yomuntu Oyedwa (2012) - Isifundo sinezihloko ezama ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwamaviki e-3. Lapho eqhathaniswa namaqembu amabili, labo abaqhubeka besebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile babika amazinga aphansi okuzinikela kunabo abazama ukugwema. Okucaphuno:

Ukungenelela kwafakazela ukuphumelela ekunciphiseni noma ekuqedeni ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesikhathi sokufunda isonto elilodwa, kodwa akuzange kuvimbele abahlanganyeli bokulawula ukuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwabo. I-hypothesis yethu yaxhaswa njengabahlanganyeli esimweni sokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile babika ukunciphisa okukhulu ukuzibophezela uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli ekugwemeni isimo sezocansi.

Futhi, umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuqhubekayo ekuzibophezelweni awukwazi ukuchazwa umahluko ekuqothulweni kwezinsiza zokuzilawula ezivela ekusebenziseni ukuzithiba okukhulu, njengoba abathintekayo kuzo zombili izimo behluke ezintweni ezithokozayo (okungukuthi, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma ukudla okuthandayo).

Izifundo ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-porn kuya ezimpawu ezichazwe ku Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa:

SLIDE 22

Kungukuthi "uvuko lwabafana." Ngaphambi kokuba ngiqhubeke, mhlawumbe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani umfana onothando lwezithombe ezingcolile omsulwa angayinikeza. Amagama amabili:

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Bona islayidi esandulele.

SLIDE 23

Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile. "I-porno ye-intanethi ibulale ukusebenza kwentombazane." Njengoba uZimbardo esho, "Amantombazane amasha ashayela nabesifazane." Le nhlolovo eyenziwa yi-urologists yase-Italy iqinisekisa lokho esikubonile eminyakeni embalwa edlule.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

UPhilip Zimbardo “Ukudutshulwa kwamaGayInkulumo ye-TED, lapho athi, "Amantombazane asetshenziselwa ukuvutha ngabesifazane. "

UDkt. Carlo Foresta ungumprofesa we-urology, umongameli we-Italy Society of Pathophysiologyology, kanye nomlobi wezifundo ezithile ze-300. Izihloko lapho uDkt. Foresta athi "I-Internet ye-porn ibulala ukusebenza kwentombazane. "

Mayelana nezindaba ze-5,000 eziqoshiwe lapho amadoda (nabesifazane abambalwa) beqedile ukusetshenziswa kocansi futhi baphulukisa izidakamizwa ezingavamile zocansi.

Izinkundla zokuthola kabusha i-Porn - izingxenye ezinikelwe ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi:

Okubanzi New York Magazine isihloko ngokuphathelene nesimo esiphuthumayo: izinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi:

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

UDkt. Philip Zimbardo: Ukusekela inkulumo yakhe ye-TED uDkt. Zimbardo wakhicilela izincwadi ezimbili (ngamunye uchaza ukuhlukunyezwa kocansi).

UDkt. Carlo Foresta walandela ukukhululwa kwakhe kwe-2011 nge:

  • Inkulumo ye-2014 echaza izifundo ezizayo - Isifundo siqukethe imiphumela yezifundo ze-longitudinal kanye ne-cross-sectional. Olunye ucwaningo lwalubandakanya ucwaningo lwentsha yesikole samabanga aphezulu (amakhasi 52-53). Ucwaningo lubike ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi kuphindwe kabili phakathi kuka-2005 no-2013, ngesifiso sobulili esiphansi sikhula ngama-600%. Iphesenti lentsha eye yahlangabezana nezinguquko kwezocansi: 2004/05: 7.2%, 2012/13: 14.5% Iphesenti lentsha enesifiso sobulili esiphansi: 2004/05: 1.7%, 2012/13: 10.3% (lokho kungu-600 % ukwanda eminyakeni eyi-8). UDkt Foresta ubuye achaze ngesifundo sakhe esizayo, “Imithombo yezocansi kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zesampula zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi Isampula se-125 esilisa, iminyaka engu-19-25”(Igama lesiNtaliyane -“Sessualità mediatica e nuove form di patologia sessuale Campione 125 giovani maschi“). Imiphumela evela ocwaningweni (amakhasi 77-78), ebesebenzisa i- I-International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire, bathole ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn abavamile bahola i-50% ephansi kusizinda sesifiso sobulili kanye ne-30% engaphansi kwesizinda esisebenzayo se-erectile.
  • Ukutadisha okubuyekezwa kontanga: I-adolesolescent kanye ne-porn yewebhu: inkathi entsha yokucansi (2015) - Lolu cwaningo lwase-Italy luhlaziye imiphumela ye-porn ye-Intanethi kwabadala esikoleni esiphakeme, ebhalwe futhi ngu Carlo Foresta, umongameli we-Italian Society of Pathophysiologyology. Ukuthola okuthakazelisayo kunazo zonke ukuthi i-16% yalabo abadla izithombe ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesonto babika isifiso esingavamile sobulili uma kuqhathaniswa ne-0% kwabangewona abathengi (no-6% kulabo abadla okungaphansi kweyodwa ngesonto).

Kusukela ku-2011 phezu kochwepheshe bezocansi be-100 (abafundisi be-urology, urologists, izifo zengqondo, izazi zengqondo, abakwa-sexologists, i-MDs) abavuma futhi baphatha izinkinga zobulili ezenzelwe ucansi baye bashicilela izihloko noma bavela kumsakazo nakwa-TV. Qaphela: Urologists ziye zaveza ngokuphindaphindiwe ubufakazi bokuhlukumeza ngokobulili-okubangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili emibuthanweni yaminyaka yonke ye-American Urological Association.

  1. Ividiyo yenkulumo: I-Porn-induced ED (izingxenye ze-1-4) ezethulwa kwi-American Urologic Association Conference, ngoMeyi 6-10, 2016. Urologist u-Tarek Pacha.
  2. Okutholakele okusha: Ucwaningo lubona ukuxhumanisa phakathi kocansi nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (2017) - Imininingwane evela ocwaningweni oluzayo, eyethulwe engqungqutheleni ye-2017 American Urological Association.

Uhlu lwezihloko, ukusakazwa, imibukiso yomsakazo, kanye nama-podcasts okubandakanya ochwepheshe bezocansi abaqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa kocansi okubangelwa ucansi:

  1. I-Porn Porn Iningi Eningi Ingabangela Ukungabi Namandla, uprofesa urology Carlo Foresta (2011)
  2. Ukufaka okuningi? nguRobert Taibbi, uLCSW (2012)
  3. Ingabe I-Porn Igalela ED? nguTyger Latham, i-Psy.D. kuTherapy Matters (2012)
  4. I-Urologist Lim Huat Chye: Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingadala ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinsizwa (2012)
  5. UMqondisi we-Middlebury College Health Centre, uDkt. Mark Peluso, ubona ephakama ku-ED: ulahla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (2012)
  6. Ukukhubazeka ngokobulili: Inani elikhuphukayo lokusebenzisa kabi i-Porn (2012)
  7. "Umlutha we-Viagra: Kufanele abe sezinhle kakhulu, kodwa inamba ekhulayo yamadoda amasha ayinakukwazi ukubhekana ngaphandle kwalawo maphilisi amancane" (2012)
  8. Ubunkohlakalo obuqinile be-disk hard disk (2012)
  9. I-Dr. Oz Show amakheli e-Porn-akhiqizwa ED (2013)
  10. Ukukhubazeka kwe-Erectile kwanda phakathi kwezinsizwa, uchwepheshe wezocansi uBrandy Engler, PhD (2013)
  11. I-Internet Porn and Erectile Dysfunction, ngu-Urologist James Elist, FACS, FICS (2013)
  12. Yeka ukuthi ubulili bubhubhisa kanjani ubulili besikhathi samanje: Umlobi wesifazane uNaw Wolf unesichazamazwi esinganeliseki ukuthi kungani abaseBrithani benesisindo esincane kakhulu socansi (2013)
  13. Ezingcolile Nezingasebenzi ze-Erectile, zikaLawrence A. Smiley MD (2013)
  14. Urologist u-Andrew Kramer uxoxa nge-ED - kufaka phakathi i-ED eyenziwe ngocansi (2013)
  15. Ingabe I-Porn Destroying Your Sex Life? NguRobert Weiss LCSW, CSAT-S (2013)
  16. I-Porn Porn kakhulu kakhulu: I-SADD Effect, ngu-Ian Kerner PhD. (I-2013)
  17. Izixazululo zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile okubangelwa ucansi, ngu-Sudeepta Varma, MD, Psychiatry (2013)
  18. UDkt. Rosalyn Dischiavo ku-ED eyenziwe ngocansi (2013)
  19. Ingabe i-porn ihlupha phakade? I-Salon.com (2013)
  20. Umbukiso We-Radio: I-Psychoatrist Encane Ixoxa Ngayo I-ED Yakhe-Yenzelwe i-ED (2013)
  21. Ividiyo ngoDokotela Wezokwelapha: Izimbangela ze-ED ezinsizweni - kufaka phakathi i-Internet ye-porn (2013)
  22. Chris Kraft, Ph.D. - Isazi sezocansi sikaJohn Hopkins sibheka ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi (2013)
  23. Isizathu Sokuthi U-Sex Therapist Ukukhathazeka Ngokuthi Intsha Ibukele I-Porn Porn, nguDkt. Aline Zoldbrod (2013)
  24. Ingabe "Okuvamile" Ukubuka Okubheka Ukuthinta Ubudala Bakho? ngu-sexologist uMaryline Décarie, MA (2013)
  25. 'I-Porn' yenza abantu bangenathemba embhedeni: UDkt. Deepak Jumani, u-Sexologist uDhananjay Gambhire (2013)
  26. Kudinga ukudla okungcolile kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ukuze uthole ukuvuselelwa, i-Alexandra Katehakis MFT, i-CSAT-S (i-2013)
  27. Awukwazi Ukukhipha: ZDoggMD.com (2013)
  28. Ukuphela kwesikhathi kuphulukisa indoda yokulutha kocansi kwe-Intanethi ne-ED: ividiyo ye-CBS, uDkt Elaine Brady (2013)
  29. I-Sharp Seven neCaroline Cranshaw - Umonakalo obangelwa ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-intanethi (2013)
  30. Iqiniso akuyona into ejabulisayo (IsiSwidi), isazi sezifo zengqondo Goran Sedvallson. urologist uStefan Arver, isazi sengqondo sengqondo u-Inger Björklund (2013)
  31. Kungani ukungcola nokushaya indlwabu kungaba yinto enhle kakhulu, uDkt. Elizabeth Waterman (2013)
  32. UDan Savage uphendula umbuzo mayelana ne-porn-eyenziwe i-ED (12-2013)
  33. I-Irish Times: 'Angikwazi ukuvuselelwa ngaphandle kokuthi ngibheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nentombi yami' (2016)
  34. Izinkinga zokulungisa kusuka ezingcolile kakhulu - IsiSwidi (i-2013)
  35. I-intanethi ye-Internet ihlukumeza ubudlelwane be-India (i-Porn-induced ED), uDkt Narayana Reddy (2013)
  36. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile yizo kuphela ezazithola uDonald: isiSwidi (i-2013)
  37. Amadoda abheka izithombe ezingcolile ezingenakukwazi ukuzithola, axwayisa umculi wezocansi waseManchester (2014)
  38. Yini ebangela ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile ?, uDkt. Lohit K, MD (2014)
  39. Ingabe Izithombe Ezibucayi Zonakalisa Ubulili Bethu Ngokuphila Phakade? I-Daily Dose. (I-2014)
  40. Ukuhlupheka kusuka ku-ED? Lesi Sizathu Kungamangalisa Wena, nguMichael S Kaplan, MD (2014)
  41. Ingabe ukubheja kocansi kukhanda eManzini? (I-2014)
  42. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-YBOP kwe-"The New Naked" ngu-urologist Harry Fisch, MD (2014)
  43. Ngemuva kwedokhumenti: Ukungasebenzi okukwenziwa yi-Porn-Induced Erectile, i-Global News Canada (2014)
  44. 'Isizukulwane X-silinganisiwe' (i-Porn-Indated ED) - Urologist U-Abraham Morgentaler (2014)
  45. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile e-Porn ezincane, u-Andrew Doan MD, PhD (2014)
  46. Imiphumela embi yokulutha kwezidakamizwa ezitholakalayo. U-Wrishi Raphael, MD (2014)
  47. I-Porn causing erectile ukungasebenzi kwamadoda amasha, yi-Global News Canada (2014)
  48. I-BLUE LIVE: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile okubangelwa ucansi. UDkt Abraham Morgentaler, uGabe Deem (2014)
  49. Ukubuka i-porn kungadala ukungasebenzi kahle kowesilisa. Ama-Urologists uDavid B. Samadi & Muhammed Mirza (2014)
  50. Ukubheka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwi-intanethi kungalimaza impilo yakho yezocansi, kusho udokotela. UHarry Fisch, MD (2014)
  51. Amavidiyo a-intanethi abangela izinkinga ze-IRL Erectile? ngu-Andrew Smiler PhD (2014)
  52. Ingabe Ukushaya Ngokushaya Indlwabu Kuningi? Isazi sezokwelapha uTobias Köhler, Isazi sezifo uDkt Drake (2014)
  53. Ukuthi ukukhuthazwa kobulili ku-inthanethi kungaholela kanjani empilweni yangempela yokukhubazeka ngokocansi, nguJed Diamond PhD (2014)
  54. Porn Too Much Efakazela ED: Urologist Fawad Zafar (2014)
  55. Ingabe i-Porn Erectile Dysfunction Iqiniso noma iFiction? ngo-Kurt Smith, i-LMFT, i-LPCC, i-AFC (i-2015)
  56. Lapho porn iba inkinga (Irish Times). Ochwepheshe bezocansi uThish Murphy, uTeresa Bergin, Tony Duffy (2015)
  57. Umlutha wobulili, i-Porn Creep ne-Erectile Ukukhubazeka Nge-Billi Caine, i-B.Sc Psych, i-RN (2015)
  58. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziku-inthanethi kanye nokushaya indlwabu okuphoqelela kubangela ukungabi namandla kwabancane, u-Emilio Loiacono MD (2015)
  59. Impi yabeluleki 'inhlupho yezithombe zocansi', izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo uSeema Hingorrany noJolande Pereira, udokotela wezingane, uSamir Dalwai (2015)
  60. I-Tinder ne-Dawn ye-"Dating Apocalypse", i-Vanity Fair (i-2015)
  61. Inkulumo ye-TEDX mayelana ne-porn eyenziwe ngu-ED nokubuyisa ubulili bakho: "Ungaba Kanjani UNkulunkulu Wezocansi" nguGregor Schmidinger (2015)
  62. Ukuhlushwa ezithombeni ezingcolile: Ukubheka ukulutha nezithombe zocansi. UDkt Charlotte Loppie, uProfesa wase-University of Victoria eSikoleni Sezempilo Yomphakathi (2016)
  63. Umhlengikazi ufuna izakhamizi zikhulume ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. ULesley Mills, umhlengikazi wezobuchwepheshe ekusebenziseni ngokocansi (2016)
  64. Yeka indlela i-internet porn edala ngayo isizukulwane samadoda esinqunyiwe ekubhekaneni ngokobulili wangempela. UDkt Andrew Smiler, uDkt Angela Gregory (2016)
  65. I-BBC: Ukufinyelela okulula ku-intanethi ye-porn 'kuyingozi' yamadoda, kusho i-NHS. Isazi sengqondo sengqondo sika-Angela Gregory (2016)
  66. Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Uthandana Nomuntu onenkinga Ngaphansi kweBelt. I-Sexologist Emily Morse, Ph.D. (I-2016)
  67. I-Viagra engavumelekile ingene emagumbini okulala ezinsizwa zanamuhla ezimnyama. Uprofesa we-Urology uDavid B. Samadi & Muhammed Mirza, umsunguli we-MD we-ErectileDoctor.com (2016)
  68. Imiphumela Embi Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile. UDkt Ursula Ofman (2016)
  69. "Ukulutha kabi kocansi kungaphazamisa impilo yakho yobulili futhi yingakho". Umsebenzi wezocansi u-Anand Patel MD, uchwepheshe wezocansi uJanet Eccles, u-Neuroscientist uDkt Nicola Ray (2016)
  70. I-Podcast: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile (PIED) eyenziwe ngocansi. Ngu-urologist owaziwa umhlaba wonke uDudley Danoff noDkt.Diana Diana Wiley (2016)
  71. Isizathu esizwakalayo ukuthi izinsizwa ezihlushwa yi-erectile disys function, ngu-Anand Patel, MD (2016)
  72. Jika uhambe kude! Kungani izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingalimaza impilo yakho yobulili. Uprofesa urology uDkt David Samadi (2016)
  73. I-Urology Times iyabuza: "Yini eshayela amadoda amasha ukuthi afune ukwelashwa kwe-ED?" UJason Hedges, MD, PhD (2016)
  74. Kungani Amadoda ashiya i-Internet Porn (i-porn-induced ED), Andrew Doan, MD, PhD (2016)
  75. Ukuthi ukwanda kwezingane ezingcolile kubhubhisa kanjani uthando lomuntu. Ngu-Angela Gregory Umholi we-Psychosexual Therapy, i-Chandos Clinic, u-Nottingham U. Unobhala we-British Society of Medicine Medicine (2016)
  76. Amacala amaningi aphathelene nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile ahlobene nokulutha nokusetshenziswa kocansi. U-Zoe Hargreaves, iNational Psychosexual Therapist (i-2016)
  77. Umthelela omubi wezintambo ze-inthanethi. nguRose Laing MD (2016)
  78. Ukulondoloza impilo yezocansi kusukela ekusebenziseni okungenayo erectile, uDalal Akoury MD (2016)
  79. I-Viagra engavumelekile ingene emagumbini okulala ezinsizwa zanamuhla ezimnyama. Uprofesa we-Urology uDavid B. Samadi & Muhammed Mirza, umsunguli we-MD we-ErectileDoctor.com (2016)
  80. I-porn enkulu kakhulu ingaholela ku-ED, amadoda aseMalaysia axwayiswe. I-orthologist yomtholampilo uDkt Mohd Ismail Mohd Tambi (2016)
  81. Omnyama nomhlophe wamafilimu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: Ukulutha kabi kocansi kuyingozi kanjani ubuhlobo. nguSandip Deshpande, MD (2016)
  82. Izikhulu zezikole ezizimele zithola isifundo ku-pornography. Umfundisi wezocansi uLiz Walker (2016)
  83. Izimpawu Eziyisithupha zokuthi Uzakwethu Unomlutha Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile nokuthi Yini Ongayenza. ngu-Diana Baldwin LCSW (2016)
  84. Ingabe I-Porn Inhle Kithi Noma Iyasilimala? nguFiliphu Zimbardo PhD. (I-2016)
  85. Yeka ukuthi i-Porn Porn ixosha kanjani ubulili bezinsizwa zethu. nguDkt. Barbara Winter (2016)
  86. Umbukiso omusha oshaqisayo we-TV ubanjwe ebusuku ebusuku futhi ubona abantu abasha bekhuthazwa ukuveza izinkinga zabo zobulili nezinkinga. UDkt Vena Ramphal (2016)
  87. Indlela Yokuxazulula Izinkinga Zokuxhashazwa Ngokwemvelo, Ngenxa yokuthi Bangaba Nengqondo, Bomzimba, Noma Bobabili. Umlobi we-Eyal Matsliah we-"Orgasm Unleashed" (2016)
  88. Abahlinzeki baseNingizimu Afrika kanye nabafundisi bezocansi bathi ukulungiswa kuyadingeka ukuvimba intsha yanamuhla ibhekene nemiphumela engathí sina yempilo kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yokulutha kocansi (2016)
  89. Umlutha We-Cybersex: Isifundo Sezifundo. UDorothy Hayden, uLCSW (2016)
  90. Yeka ukuthi i-Porn ihlukumeza kanjani ubudlelwano, uBarbara Winter, Ph.D. (I-2016)
  91. I-Porn ingasiza Ubudlelwane, Kodwa Qhubeka Ngokuqapha. U-Amanda Pasciucco LMFT, i-CST; I-Wendy Haggerty LMFT, i-CST (i-2016)
  92. Yeka ukuthi izithombe ze-Internet zenza kanjani abasha abasebasha. Uchwepheshe wezocansi kanye nomngane we-Impotence Australia, i-Alinda Small (i-2016)
  93. Umsunguli - Umsunguli weGuyology uMelisa Holmes MD ukhuluma ngendlela abafana abakha ngayo ukuhlukumezeka kwe-erectile nge-porno ne-Viagra eminingi edinga i-Viagra (2017)
  94. Ividiyo: Isazi seHormone uDkt. Kathryn Retzler uxoxa ngokukhubazeka kwe-erectile eyenziwe ngocansi (2017)
  95. Ividiyo: Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Erectile Ezingcolile-ngo-Brad Salzman, LCSW, CSAT (2017)
  96. Izingane zase-Ireland ezincane ezineminyaka engu-7 zitholwa yizocansi. UDkt Fergal Rooney (2017)
  97. Nakhu ukuthi ukuziphatha kocansi kubathinta kanjani ubudlelwane base-Ireland. Uchwepheshe wezocansi uTeresa Bergin (2017)
  98. Ingabe Ubuchwepheshe Bokubhubhisa Ubuchopho Bethu? (Ukubukwa komdlalo ophakathi). I-Alexandra Katehakis, i-MFT, i-CSAT-S, i-CST-S (i-2017)
  99. Ungayifundisa kanjani intsha yethu ngokulutha kwezocansi nezingozi. Abelaphi bezengqondo abakwaNuala Deering noDkt.June Clyne (2017)
  100. Ividiyo - Ingabe i-Can Porn ingabangela ukukhubazeka kwe-Erectile nokungabi namandla? nguPaul Kattupalli MD (2016)
  101. 'I-Porn iyinkimbinkimbi yezempilo yomphakathi': ochwepheshe bacela uphenyo lukahulumeni ngemiphumela yezempilo yezocansi. Uchwepheshe wezocansi uMary Hodson (2017)
  102. Konke Okudingayo Ukuze Ukwazi Nge-Porn-Euctivated Dysfunction. UDkt Ralph Esposito; Elsa Orlandini Psy.D. (I-2017)
  103. Ungavumeli ukukhubazeka kwe-erectile kwehle. I-Psychotherapist Nuala Deering (2017)
  104. Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile kungabangela kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. UDkt Lubda Nadvi (2017)
  105. Yilokho abahlinzeki abaphatha ngayo abasha abasha nge-"Erectile Dysfonction-Induced Dysfunction". Uchwepheshe wezocansi u-Alinda Ochwepheshe abancane bezocansi, uTanya Koens, isazi sengqondo sezinkanyezi uDan Auerbach (2017)
  106. I-TEDx Talk "Ubulili, Izithombe Ezingcolile Nabesilisa" (UProfesa Warren Binford, 2017)
  107. I-Porn Online: Ukulutha okusheshayo kunazo zonke e-US Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngocansi, uChris Simon (2017)
  108. Ingabe Ukubuka I-Porn Iningi Kunomthelela Ekuphileni Kwakho Kobulili? Jenner Bishop, i-LMFT; Isazi sengqondo uShirani M. Pathak (2017)
  109. Abantu abasha babika izinkinga 'eziphikelelayo nezicindezelayo' ngezimpilo zocansi: ukufunda (2017)
  110. 'I-Tidal wave' yokulutha kabi kocansi njengoba ochwepheshe bexwayisa isenzo kuyadingeka ukuze kusindiswe isizukulwane esilandelayo. I-Psychosexual therapist UPauline Brown (2017)
  111. Amadoda amasha abheka izithombe ezingcolile zobucayi obhekene nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile, isifundo sithi (Uchwepheshe wezocansi uDkt. Morgan Francis 2017)
  112. Amaphilisi e-Erectile ukungasebenzi kahle manje yisidakamizwa sephathi esiphezulu sezinkulungwane zeminyaka eyiBrithani. I-psychotherapist yezocansi uRaymond Francis, (2017)
  113. Uma unenkinga "ukuyivusa" awukude wedwa futhi usizo oluningi lungaphandle. UDkt Joseph Alukal (2018)
  114. UMnyango wezeMpilo ufuna ucwaningo olwengeziwe lube nomthelela wezithombe zocansi. Uchwepheshe wezocansi uJobertson (2018)
  115. Sidinga ukuthatha ubunikazi walokho okwenziwa yi-porno kubantwana be-NZ. UDkt Mark Thorpe (2018)
  116. Izinkinga zokusebenza ekamelweni akuyona nje inkinga yendoda endala. Uchwepheshe wezocansi u-Aoife Drury (2018)
  117. I-Porn iyinhlangano ethi 'Isilinganiso Sokuxoshwa Kwabantu Abesilisa' - u-Evgeny Kulgavchuk, isazi sezocansi saseRussia, umqondo wezifo zengqondo kanye nodokotela (2018)
  118. Ukukhubazeka kwe-Erectile: ukuthi ukuziphatha kabi kwe-porn, ukugibela ibhayisikili, utshwala nokugula-mgomo kuyasiza kanjani, futhi izindlela eziyisithupha zokugcina ukusebenza okuphakeme. Uprofesa we-Urology u-Amin Herati (2018)
  119. Isayensi elukhuni: indlela yokwenza ukulungiswa kwakho kube namandla. NguNick Knight, MD (2018)
  120. Izindlela ze-9 zokuphatha ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile Okungeyona i-Viagra. UDkt. Morgentaler, uProfesa wezokwelapha we-Urology eHarvard (2018)

Ingcaphuno elandelayo evela Park et al., 2016 inikeza ukwesekwa okusemthethweni kokukhona kwezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Lesi sigaba siphinde sibheke amaphepha amabili we-2015 (futhi akukhona izifundo zangempela) ezithi zithole ukulungiswa okuncane phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.

1.2. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Inthanethi Zisebenzisa Isici Ezingxenyeni Zanamuhla Zobulili?

Abacwaningi be-Kinsey Institute babephakathi kokuqala ukubika izithombe zobulili ezingcolile-ezenziwe i-erectile-disysction (PIED) nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile-zenze libido engavamile, ku-2007 [27]. Ingxenye yezifundo eziqoqwe emabhasini nasezindlini zokugezela, lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-video "zikhona", azikwazanga ukufezekisa ukuvinjelwa kulabhu ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-porn. Lapho bekhuluma nalezi zihloko, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukuvezwa okukhulu kwamavidiyo e-pornography kubangelwa ukuthi kuholele ekuziphenduleleni okuphansi kanye nesidingo esengeziwe sokwedlulela ngokweqile, okukhethekile noma "kinky" ukuze kuvuswe. Abacwaningi empeleni baphinde bahlela kabusha isifundo sabo ukuze bahlanganise iziqeshana ezihlukahlukene futhi bavumele ezinye ukuzikhethela. Ingxenye yesine yabesifazane abahlanganyeli abayitholi bengasaphenduli ngokuvamile [27].

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ubufakazi buye bafakazela ukuthi lezo zithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Internet zingaba yisici ekukhuphukeni okusheshayo emazingeni okukhubazeka ngokocansi. Cishe abayisithupha abaphuma ku-10 wezivakashi ze-3962 abafuna usizo ku-"MedHelp.org ED Forum" evelele, abashiye iminyaka yabo, bebancane kune-25. Kulokho kuhlaziywa kweminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye yokuthunyelwe nokuphawula, phakathi kwamazwi avame ukuhlanganiswa nesici sengqondo se-ED (engeyona i-ED ephilayo), "izithombe zobulili ezingcolile" zazivela kaningi kakhulu [28]. Ucwaningo lwe-2015 abakhulile esikoleni esiphakeme bathola ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zisebenzisa imvamisa ehambisana nezifiso eziphansi zocansi [29]. Kulabo abadla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kaningi ngesonto, i-16% ibike isifiso sobulili esifushane, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-0% kwabangewona abathengi (no-6% kulabo abadla okungaphansi kweyodwa ngesonto). Esinye isifundo se-2015 samadoda (isilinganiso seminyaka engu-41.5) efuna ukwelashwa kobulili obufanayo, oshaya indlwabu ("ngokuvamile ephethe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kakhulu") amahora ayisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu ngeviki, athole ukuthi i-71% yayinezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ne-33% yokubika ubunzima bokungcola [30]. Ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusebenza ngokocansi kungaholela ekuthembekeni okuqhubekayo ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile njengento yokulala ngokocansi. Esifundweni se-2014 se-imagination resonance (i-fMRI) esebenzayo ye-11, i-19 ye-25 abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi e-XNUMX (isilinganiso sobudala be-XNUMX), obani bobuchopho babo babhekwa ubufakazi bokuqeda umlutha, babika ukuthi ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi " kunciphisa umsebenzi we-libido noma u-erectile ikakhulukazi ebuhlotsheni obungokwenyama nabesifazane (nakuba kungenalo ubudlelwane nezinto ezicacile ngokocansi) "[31]. Abahlengikazi baye baphinde bachaza izidakamizwa eziphathelene nocansi, ezihlanganisa i-PIED. Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini yakhe ethi The New Naked, uprofesa urology uHarry Fisch wabika ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zisebenzisa ukukhubazeka kweziguli ngesiguli [32], kanye noprofesa wezifo zengqondo uNorman Doidge babika encwadini yakhe ethi The Brain That Changes Itself ukuthi ukususwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kusebenzisa ukungabi namandla okuguquguqukayo nezinkinga zokuvusa ngocansi eziguli zakhe [33]. Ku-2014, uBronner noBen-Zion babike ukuthi umsebenzisi wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile e-intanethi owawuthandana naye waze wafika ezinganeni ezingcolile zobulili ezinzima kakhulu wafuna ukusiza isifiso sobulili obuphansi ngesikhathi socansi ohlukanisiwe. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuyeka konke ukuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile isiguli sigweme ukuthi sibhekene ne-orgasm ephumelelayo ne-ejaculation, futhi yaphumelela ekujabuleleni ubuhlobo obuhle bobulili [34]. Kuze kube manje, akekho omunye umcwaningi ocele amadoda anezinkinga zocansi ukuze asuse ukuhlukahluka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ukusebenzisa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi kubangele yini ezinkingeni zabo zobulili.

Ngenkathi izifundo zokungenelela ezinjalo zizobe zikhanyisa kakhulu, ukubuyekezwa kwethu kwezincwadi kuthola izifundo eziningana ezihlobanisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisetshenziselwa ukuvusa, ukukhanga nezinkinga zokusebenza kocansi [27,31,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43], kuhlanganise nobunzima be-orgasming, kunciphise umsebenzi we-libido noma umsebenzi we-erectile [27,30,31,35,43,44], imiphumela emibi kucansi ehlukanisiwe [37], kunciphise injabulo yokuthandana ngokocansi [37,41,45], ukwaneliseka okuncane ngokocansi nobudlelwane [38,39,40,43,44,45,46,47], okuthandayo ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi ukuze uzuze futhi ugcine ukuvusa ngenxa yokulala naye nomlingani [42], nokusebenza okukhulu kobuchopho ekuphenduleni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kulabo ababika isifiso esincane sokulala nozakwethu [48]. Futhi, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zisebenzisa inhlanganisela ehambisana nesifiso sobulili esifanele esikoleni esiphakeme esikoleni esiphakeme [29]. Izifundo ezimbili ze-2016 zifanelwe ukucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe lapha. Ucwaningo lokuqala lwaluthi luhlolo lokuqala olumele uhulumeni emibhangqweni eshadile ukuhlola imiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisetshenziswa ngemininingwane yesikhathi eside. Ibike ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-pornography okuvamile ku-Wave 1 (2006) kwakuhlobene ngokuqinile futhi okungalungile nekhwalithi yomshado yabahlanganyeli nokwaneliseka ngempilo yabo yobulili ku-Wave 2 (2012). Imishado eyathinteka kakhulu yilabo besilisa ababuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile emazingeni aphezulu (kanye ngosuku noma ngaphezulu). Ukuhlola ukuguquguquka okuningi, ubukhulu bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisetshenziswa ku-2006 yiyona eyesibili isakhiwo esiqine kakhulu semfanelo yomshado ku-2012 [47]. Ucwaningo lwesibili lwaluthi luwukuphela kokucwaninga ukuphenya ngokuqondile ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi emadodeni nokubandakanyeka okunzima kuma-OSA (imisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi). Lolu cwaningo lwabesilisa be-434 libike ukuthi ukwaneliseka okuphansi kocansi nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile kwakuhlotshaniswa nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ze-intanethi zisebenzisa [44]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-20.3% yamadoda yathi esinye isisusa sezithombe zabo zobulili ezingcolile kwakuwukuthi "ukugcina i-arousal nomlingani wami" [44]. Ekutholeni okungase kukhombise ukunyuka kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, i-49% ichaze ngezinye izikhathi "ukufuna okuqukethwe kocansi noma ukuhileleka kuma-OSA angazange athandeke ngaphambili kubo noma ukuthi babhekwa njengezinengiso" [44] (p.260). Okokugcina, iphesenti elibalulekile labahlanganyeli (27.6%) lihlolisise ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwama-OSA njengenkinga. Nakuba lesi silinganiso sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibucayi singabonakala siphezulu, esinye isifundo se-2016 kumadoda we-1298 ayebukele izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule abike ukuthi u-28% wabathintekayo bahola noma ngaphezulu kwe-cutoff ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi [49].

Ukubuyekezwa kwethu kufaka phakathi amaphepha amabili e-2015 athi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi azisebenzisanga nokukhushulwa kwezinkinga zocansi kumazinsizwa. Noma kunjalo, izimangalo ezinjengalezi zibonakala zingakapheli ekuhloleni okusondelene kwala maphepha nokugxeka okusemthethweni okuhlobene. Iphepha lokuqala liqukethe ukwaziswa okuwusizo mayelana nendima engaba khona yesimo sezocansi e-ED yentsha [50]. Kodwa-ke, le ncwadi iye yaba ngaphansi kokugxekwa ngokungafani okuhlukile, ukushiyeka nokuhluleka kokusebenza. Isibonelo, asihlinzeki ngemiphumela yezibalo zesiphumo somsebenzi we-erectile isilinganiso ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba udokotela ocwaninga ngokubheka ngokusemthethweni kwephepha, abalobi bamaphepha, "abazange banikeze umfundi ngolwazi olwanele mayelana nesibalo esasifundwa noma izibalo zihlaziya ukuze ziqondise isiphetho sabo" [51]. Ukwengeza, abacwaningi baphenyo amahora ambalwa okubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngenyanga edlule. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi kutholile ukuthi ukuhluka kwamahora okubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-intanethi kusebenzisa yedwa akuhambisani neze "nezinkinga zokuphila kwansuku zonke", amanothi ku-SAST-R (Ukuvivinya Ngesifo sobulili), futhi izikolo ku-IATsex (ithuluzi okuhlola ukulutha komsebenzi ocansini we-intanethi) [52,53,54,55,56]. Isibikezelo esingcono ukulinganisa ngokocansi ngokuzithoba lapho ubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi (ukucutshungulwa kwe-cac reactivity), i-correlate esungulwe yokuziphatha komlutha kuzo zonke izidakamizwa [52,53,54]. Kukhona nobufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi isikhathi esichithwa kwi-intanethi yokudlala ividiyo asibikezeli ukuziphatha okuluthayo. "Isiyaluyalu singabuyekezwa kuphela uma izisusa, imiphumela nezimo zokuziphatha zokuziphatha ziyingxenye yokuhlola" [57]. Amanye amaqembu amathathu okucwaninga, esebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "ubuhlobo bobulili obuhlukile" (ngaphandle kwamahora asetshenziswayo), ahlobanise kakhulu nezinkinga zocansi [15,30,31]. Ukuhlanganiswa, lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi esikhundleni sokuthi "amahora asetshenziswayo" kuphela, izinguquko eziningi zihambisana kakhulu ekuhloleni ukulutha / ngokocansi ngokocansi, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kuhloswe kakhulu ekuhloleni izidakamizwa eziphathelene nocansi.

Iphepha elibili libika ukulingana okuncane phakathi kwemvamisa yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zo-intanethi ezisetshenziswe ngonyaka odlule kanye namanani e-ED kumadoda abesilisa ocansini aseNorway, ePortugal naseCroatia [6]. Laba babhali, ngokungafani nephepha elidlule, baqaphela ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-ED kumadoda we-40 nangaphansi, futhi ngempela bathole amazinga we-ED nesifiso sobulili aphansi kakhulu njenge-31% ne-37%, ngokulandelana. Ngokuphambene, ucwaningo olungaphambi kokusakaza izithombe zobulili ezingcolile lwe-intanethi olwenziwe ku-2004 ngenye yabalobi bephephandaba libike ama-ED Amanani angu-5.8 kuphela kumadoda 35-39 [58]. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqhathaniswa kwezibalo, abalobi baphetha ngokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi azibonakali ziyingxenye enkulu ebungozi bokuthi u-ED osemusha. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi amadoda asePutukezi ahlolisise abike amazinga aphansi kunazo zonke zokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili uma kuqhathaniswa namaNorway nabaseCroatia, kanti kuphela i-40% yasePutukezi ibike ukuthi isebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi "kusukela izikhathi eziningana ngesonto kuya kwansuku zonke", uma kuqhathaniswa namaNorwegi , I-57%, nama-Croatians, i-59%. Leli phephandaba liye lagxeka ngokuhluleka ukusebenzisa ama-model atholakalayo afanele ukuhlanganisa ubudlelwano obuqondile nokungaqondile phakathi kwezinguquko ezaziwa noma ezithintekayo ukuba zibe emsebenzini [59]. Ngesinye isikhathi, ephepheni elihlobene nesifiso esicindezelayo socansi esicindezelayo okubandakanya abaningi abahlanganyeli abafanayo abavela ePortugal, eCroatia naseNorway, la madoda abuzwa ukuthi yiziphi izici eziningi ezikholelwa ukuthi zinegalelo ekuhluphekeni kwabo ngokocansi. Phakathi kwezinye izici, cishe i-11% -22% inqume ukuthi "ngisebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile" futhi i-16% -26% ikhethe "nginomkhuba wokushaya indlwabu"60].

Nakulokhu, izifundo zokungenelela zizobe zifundisa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphathelene nezifundo zokulungiswa, kungenzeka ukuthi isisombululo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinto eziguqukayo kufanele siphenywe ukuze sikwazi ukucacisa izici ezingozini ezisebenzayo ezinkingeni zobulili ezincane ezingakaze zibe khona. Okokuqala, kungenzeka ukuthi isifiso sobulili esincane, ubunzima bokungena ngezinkinga kanye nezinkinga zokusebenzisana ne-erectile ziyingxenye yemiphumela efanayo ehlobene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile e-Inthanethi, nokuthi zonke lezi zinkinga kufanele zihlangane lapho kucwaninga ukusebenzisana okukhanyayo ne-pornography e-intanethi esebenzisayo.

Okwesibili, nakuba kungaqondakali kahle ukuthi iyiphi inhlanganisela yezici ezingase zibheke ngokucacile ngezinkinga ezinjalo, iziphambano ezithembisayo zokuphenya ngokuhambisana nemvamisa yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zo-Inthanethi zingafaka phakathi (i-1) iminyaka yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile-ezisizwa ngokuhambisana nokushaya indlwabu; (2) isilinganiso se-ejaculations nomlingani ukuze ku-ejaculations ne-pornography ye-intanethi; (I-3) ukutholakala kobulili obungcolile kwi-inthanethi / ubulili obufanayo; (4) inani leminyaka yokusakaza izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi zisebenzisa; (I-5) ngakuphi ukuguga okujwayelekile ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi kwaqala nokuthi ngabe kuqale ngaphambi kokukhulelwa; (6) umkhuba wokukhula kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ze-Inthanethi zisebenzisa; (7) ukuqhubekela phambili kwezinye izinhlobo ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, njalonjalo.

Park et al., 2016 iyaqhubeka nokusekelwa ngemitholampilo yokuba khona kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili

I-2. Imibiko Yomtholampilo

Ngenkathi kusetshenziselwa izifundo zokuhlanganisa, kulula ukuhlukanisa ukuguquguquka okuqondile komsebenzi ekukhuleni okungakaze kube khona kokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kwamadoda ngaphansi kwe-40 kuphakamisa ukuthi izifundo zokungenela (lapho izihloko zisuswe khona ukuhlukahluka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi) kungcono ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwayo nezinkinga zocansi. Imibiko yemitholampilo elandelayo ibonisa ukuthi ukubuza iziguli ezinokuhlukunyezwa okungafani nokungafani okuqedile ekuqedeni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kusiza ukuhlukanisa imiphumela yaso ebucayi bobulili. Ngezansi sibika ngezibopho ezintathu zokusebenza ezisemsebenzini. Ababili babona udokotela ngenxa yokungasebenzi komzimba okungezona okuphilayo, isifiso sobulili obuphansi, nobunzima obungachazwanga ekufinyeleleni i-orgasm nabalingani. Izinguquko zokuqala ezishiwo (1), (6) kanye (7), ezibalwe esigabeni esandulele. Okwesibili okukhulunywa ngawo (6) no (7). Bobabili babengenaso ukuxilongwa kwezempilo yengqondo. Siphinde sitshele umsebenzi wesithathu osebenzayo osebenzayo owabona udokotela ngezizathu zempilo yengqondo. Ukhulume ngokuguquguqukayo (6).

I-2.1. Umbiko Wokutholwa Okokuqala

Umsebenzi oneminyaka engu-20 osebenzayo owawufunwa yi-serviceman yaseCaucasia obhekene nezinkinga ekufinyeleleni i-orgasm ngesikhathi sokulala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Kwenzeka okokuqala ngesikhathi esethunyelwa ngaphandle kwezilwandle. Wayenecala lokushaya indlwabu isikhathi esingangehora engenayo i-orgasm, futhi ipenisi yakhe yahamba engaqondakali. Ukuhlupheka kwakhe ukugcina ukulungiswa nokufeza i-orgasm kuqhubekile kulo lonke ukuthunyelwa kwakhe. Kusukela ekubuyeni kwakhe, wayengenakukwazi ukuhlaziya ngesikhathi sokulala nomyeni wakhe. Wayengakwazi ukufeza ukulungiswa kodwa akakwazanga ukugcoba, futhi emva kwe-10-15 min wayezolahlekelwa ukulungiswa kwakhe, okwakungekhona icala ngaphambi kokuba abe ne-ED. Lokhu kubangela izinkinga ebuhlotsheni bakhe nomngane wakhe.

Isiguli esivunyelwe ukushaya indlwabu njalo "iminyaka", kanye kanye noma kabili cishe cishe nsuku zonke iminyaka embalwa edlule. Wavuma ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngokugqugquzela. Njengoba ekwazi ukufinyelela e-intanethi esheshayo, wayethembele kuphela kuyizithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Ekuqaleni, "i-porn soft", lapho okuqukethwe akubandakanyi ukulala kwangempela, "wenza iphutha". Kodwa-ke, kancane kancane wayedinga izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo noma ezithinta isisu. Ubike ukuvula amavidiyo amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ubukele izingxenye ezithinta kakhulu. Lapho elungiselela ukuthunyelwa cishe ngonyaka odlule, wayekhathazekile ngokungabikho kobulili obuhlukanisiwe. Ngakho-ke, wathenga ithoyizi lezocansi, elalichaza ngokuthi "isisindo sangasese". Le divayisi ekuqaleni yayivuselela kangangokuba yafinyelela e-orgasm phakathi nemizuzu. Nokho, njengoba kwakunjalo ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, ngokusetshenziswa okukhudlwana, kwakudingeka isikhathi eside futhi isikhathi eside ukuze sikhuphuke, futhi ekugcineni akakwazanga ukwenza i-orgasm nhlobo. Njengoba ebuya ekuthumeleni, ubike ukuthi uqhubeka nokushaya indlwabu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu izikhathi ngosuku ngokusebenzisa kokubili izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi nokudlala. Nakuba egxilile ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo kumlingani wakhe, isiguli sigcizelele ukuthi wakhetha idivaysi ekuziphatheni kwangempela ngoba wayithola eyakhuthaza kakhulu. Uphikile noma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zobudlelwane. Futhi waphika noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka komuntu siqu noma / noma umsebenzi. Wachaza isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuthi "wayekhathazekile" ngoba wayekhathazekile ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngezocansi zakhe futhi wayefuna ubuhlobo bakhe nomyeni wakhe ukuba asebenze. Wayeseqala ukucabanga ukuthi wayengasethandwa kuye.

Ngokwemvelo, wayengenalo umlando wokugula okukhulu, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukuxilongwa kwezempilo yengqondo. Wayengathathi imithi noma izithako. Wenqaba ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi kodwa wayiphuza iziphuzo ezimbalwa emaphathini kanye noma kabili ngenyanga. Wayengakaze aphuze ekudakwa ngokweqile. Ubike abalingani abaningi bezocansi esikhathini esidlule, kodwa kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni kwakhe ngonyaka odlule umlingani wakhe wayekade engumlingani wakhe ocansini kuphela. Uphikile umlando wezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Ekuhlolweni ngokomzimba, izibonakaliso zakhe ezibalulekile zazijwayelekile, futhi ukuhlola kwakhe ngokobulili kwakungokwemvelo kungabonisi izilonda noma izixuku.

Ekupheleni kokuvakasha, kwachazwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwedoli yezocansi kwakungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa yisifo se-penile futhi kubukele izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ze-Internet eziye zashintsha umngcele wakhe wokugqugquzela ngokocansi. Watshelwa ukuba ayeke ukusebenzisa ithoyizi nokubuka izithombe ezingcolile ze-Internet ze-hardcore. Wathunyelwa ku-urology ukuze aqhubeke nokuhlola. Ngesikhathi ebonwa yi-urologist emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, wayeseqede izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi esebenzisa kakhulu, nakuba wathi akanakuyeka ngokuphelele. Wayeka ukusebenzisa ithoyizi. Wayesebenama-orgasms futhi ngokuya ocansini nomlingani wakhe, futhi ubuhlobo babo bube ngcono. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urologist kwakujwayelekile.

I-2.2. Umbiko wesibili wesiguli

Umuntu oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala wase-Afrika waseMelika ujoyine i-serviceman ngeminyaka engu-17 yomsebenzi oqhubekayo osebenzayo obhekene nobunzima ekufezeni izikhathi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Ubike ukuthi lapho ezama ukulala nomkakhe, waba nenkinga ekufezeni ukulungiswa nobunzima ukulondoloza isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba abe nomzimba. Kusukela ingane yabo encane ishiya ekolishi, izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambili, wayezitholele ukushaya indlwabu kanengi ngenxa yobumfihlo obuningi. Ngaphambili wayedlala ngesonto sonke ngesonto, kodwa lokho kwanda kabili kuya kathathu ngesonto. Wayelokhu esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, kodwa lapho ejwayele ukuzisebenzisa, isikhathi eside sithatha i-orgasm ngempahla yakhe evamile. Lokhu kwaholela kuye esebenzisa ukwaziswa okuningi okucacile. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ukulala nomkakhe "kwakungashukumisi" njengangaphambili futhi ngezinye izikhathi wathola umkakhe "engeyona ekhangayo". Wenqaba ukuthi abe nalezi zindaba ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yomshado wabo. Wayenenkinga emshadweni ngoba umkakhe wayesola ukuthi wayenomshado, okwenqabela kakhulu.

Umlando wakhe wezokwelapha wawuphawuleka kuphela kokushisa komfutho wegazi, okwakuthiwa uneminyaka engaphezu kwemibili ngaphambili futhi wawulawulwa kahle nge-diuretic: 25mg we-chlorthalidone nsuku zonke. Akazange athathe enye imithi noma izithako. Ukuhlinzwa kwakhe kuphela kwakuyi-appendectomy eyenziwa eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambili. Wayengekho izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi noma ukuxilongwa kwezempilo yengqondo. Wavuma ukubhema amaphakethe amathathu kagwayi ngesonto iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 futhi ephuza eyodwa kuya kwezibili iziphuzo ngesonto. Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kubonisa izimpawu ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwezigaba ezivamile, ukuhlola okuvamile kwemizwa yegazi, nokubonakala okuvamile okwenziwe ngezitho zangasese ngaphandle kwezilonda noma izixuku.

Ekupheleni kokuhlolwa, izimpikiswano zakhe zazibangelwa ukukhushulwa ngokocansi okuvimbelwe ekuboniseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Internet kanye nokushaya indlwabu njalo. Watshelwa ukuba ayeke ukubukela izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ze-Internet futhi anciphise imvamisa yokushaya indlwabu. Ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, isiguli sabika ukuthi wazama "kanzima kakhulu" ukugwema izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Internet futhi ukushaya indlwabu kancane, kepha "akakwazanga ukukwenza". Uthe noma nini lapho ehlala yodwa, wazibona ebuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile e-intanethi, ekugcineni ezoholela ekushaya indlwabu. Ukubuka akuzange kwenzeke ukuthi abe nomuzwa wokuthi "ulahlekile", okwamenza wamcasula futhi wamenza efuna ukukwenza ngisho nangaphezulu, kuze kube yilapho ebheke khona umkakhe ephuma endlini. Wanikezwa ukuthunyelwa ekuphatheni ukwelashwa ngokobulili, kodwa wenqaba. Wayezama ukuzama ukusebenza ngokuziphatha kwakhe eyedwa.

I-2.3. Umbiko Wemitholampilo Wesithathu

Umkhumbi we-24 oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala wangena esikhungweni sempilo yengqondo ngemuva kokuzama ukuzibulala ngokweqile. Phakathi nokuhlolwa kwakhe nokwelashwa wavuma ukuphuza utshwala nakuba elulekwa ukuba angasebenzisi utshwala ngenkathi ephathwa ngemithi yokucindezeleka. Umlando wakhe kanye nokubekezelelana okwenyukayo kwakuhambisana ne-Alcohol Use Disorder esebenzayo ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwakhe ngenkathi ethatha izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka. Njengengxenye yengxenye yokulutha emlandweni wakhe wabuzwa mayelana nokugembula, ukugembula kwe-Inthanethi nokulutha kocansi. Uveze ukuthi wayekhathazekile ngokusetshenziswa kwakhe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, esebenzisa isikhathi esiningi (usuku lwe-5 + ha) ebukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezise-intanethi cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Wabuye wabona ukuthi wayedambise ukukhathazeka ngokocansi kumkakhe, abonakaliswa ukuhluleka kwakhe ukugcina izinto eziqhubekayo, ekhetha ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile lapho engenazo izinkinga ze-erectile. Lapho eqaphela ukusetshenziswa kwakhe ngokweqile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, wayeka ukuyibuka ngokuphelele, etshela lowo owayebuza imibuzo ukuthi wayesaba ukuthi uma ebheka noma yikuphi ukuthi uzothola ukuyisebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ubike ukuthi ngemuva kokuyeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile u-erectile ukukhubazeka kwakhe kwanyamalala.

Ngamafuphi, izifundo zokungenelela ezenzelwe ukudalula ukucubungula ngokususa ukuhlukahluka kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kuyadingeka kakhulu ukuphenya ubunzima obungacacisiwe bobulili kubasebenzisi be-pornography e-Inthanethi ngaphansi kwe-40. Njengoba kuphakanyiswe imibiko yethu yomtholampilo, kanye nempumelelo yezidokotela Doidge [33] noBronner noBen-Zion [34] ngenhla, ucwaningo olunjalo lungase lucele abahlanganyeli bezocwaningo nge-PIED, ubunzima bokufinyelela i-orgasm nomlingani, kanye / noma isifiso socansi oluphansi / ukwaneliseka ekuqedeni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi.

SLIDE 24

Izidakamizwa zokuthuthukisa ezocansi zivame ukuyeka ukusebenza kulaba bantu (uma bake benza) - ngoba inkinga yabo ayikho ngaphansi kwebhande, lapho kusebenza khona iViagra. Futhi inkinga yabo ayingokwengqondo. Kungenxa yezinguquko zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezinguquko ezihlobene nobuchopho. Ubuchopho babo obundikindiki buthumela izimpawu ezibuthakathaka futhi ezibuthakathaka kubhanana wabo.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Ukusekelwa koqobo kwe-ED eyenziwe ngocansi kungatholakala kuma-slides 21, 22, 23, no-24. , ithuthukise i-ED engachazeki, ukubambezeleka kokubambezeleka, ukulahleka kokuheha kwabalingani bangempela kanye ne-anorgasmia. Lezi zinsizwa zahluka ngemvelaphi, ubuhlanga, ukudla, izindlela zokuvivinya umzimba, izinkolelo zenkolo, izinkolelo zokuziphatha, izwe adabuka kulo, imfundo, isimo sezomnotho, njalo njalo.

Lezi zinsizwa azikwazanga ukufeza i-erection ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-porn, futhi kancane kancane, abanye abangeke bathole ukulungiswa nge ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Abaningi babesebenzi abasebenza ngezokwelapha abaningi nabo bonke bezama izindlela eziningi zokuphulukisa i-ED yabo yokukopisha ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Abaningi babengabaza kakhulu ngaphambi kokuphulukisa izinkinga zabo zocansi ukuthi i-pornography yimbangela. Isizathu se-ED yabo sasingeyona inkathazo yokusebenza njengoba behluleka ukufeza ama-erections egcwele ngenkathi bezama ukushaya indlwabu ngaphandle kwe-porn (Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi i-ED yami ihlobene nocansi? (TEST).

Isimangalo sokuthi i-porn-eyabangela i-ED ingenxa yokuguqulwa kobuchopho obuhlobene nokulutha izidakamizwa kwasekelwa yizinkulungwane zamadoda ayeyeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi ephulukisa izidakamizwa ezingavamile zocansi. Cishe wonke umuntu oyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile wabika inhlanganisela efanayo yezibonakaliso ezingokwenyama nezingokwengqondo, kanye nesimiso esifanayo sokubonakala kwezimpawu ezifana nokukhathazeka, ukuthanda, ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwe-libido. Izimpawu eziningi zokuyeka ukubhekana nezidakamizwa ezifana nokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa / ukuphuza utshwala, njengokuzifiso, ukukhathazeka, ukuphefumula, ukucindezeleka, ubuhlungu bobuchopho, ukulala okungavamile, ukuphumula, ukukhathazeka, ama-aches, ubuhlungu, njll (bheka: Kusho ukuthini ukuhoxiswa ekugqilazweni kocansi?). Kungakapheli amasonto e-1-2, izifundo eziningi zizwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-flatline": i-libido ephansi, izinguquko ezibonakalayo ekuzweleni kobulili noma usayizi (bona: USIZO! Ngayeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kodwa amandla ami, ubukhulu bobulili, kanye / noma i-libido ayancipha (i-flatline)). Izikhathi zokutakula ziyahlukahluka: Phakathi kuka-2006-2010 kudingeka izinyanga ezingama-2-3 kuphela, kepha ubude bokutholwa bukhuphuke ngokuqinile eminyakeni eyedlule. Abanye manje badinga izinyanga ezingu-6-12 noma ngaphezulu. Konke lokhu kusikisela isethi ethile yokushintsha kobuchopho bomzimba, hhayi "izingqinamba" ezingokwengqondo.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Ukusekelwa okubuyekeziwe kwezimangalo ku-slide i-24 kuhilela izingxenye ezimbili:

  1. Okucaphuna okuvela Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016) ukufingqa izincwadi ezisekela ukucabanga ukuthi izinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha umlutha zibangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi.
  2. Uhla lwamanje lwezifundo ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwizinkinga zocansi.

I-1. Ngcaphuno kusuka Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016):

I-3.4. Ama-Neuroadaptations ahlobene Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Intanethi-Izinkinga Zokuhlukunyezwa Ngokobulili

Sidinga ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile-ezibangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili zihilela kokubili ukungaziphathi kahle nokungazenzisi ohlelweni lobugqugquzeli lobuchopho [72, 129] kanye ne-corralates ye-neural ngayinye, noma kokubili, ikhonjisiwe ezincwadini zamuva ezisebenzisayo abasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi ze-intanethi [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134]. Siphule le ngxenye yengxoxo yethu ngezigaba ezintathu ezihlangene.

I-3.4.1. Ukukhuthazeka Okukhushulayo Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi (Ukungazi)

Ukungabi nokuzimela kubhekisela ekuphenduleni okuzwakalayo, okwenziwe kahle okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa. Ukufunda okuqinisekisiwe kuhilela ukuphendula okungcono kwe-mesolimbic dopamine system eyenza ukunikezwa kwamazinga okungenzeka okuba nomphumela wokubambelela ekukhuthazeni-ukugwema ukufuna izidakamizwa nemiklomelo yemvelo [135, 136, 137]. Uhlelo lwe-mesolimbic dopamine luthola izimpembelelo ze-glutamate ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-cortical nezimbali. Ithiyori yamanje iphakamisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glutamatergic okuhlobene nokufuna nokuthola umvuzo othile okwenza ushintsho, okukhulisa impendulo yesistimu ye-mesolimbic dopamine kuya kulowo mvuzo [100, 138]. Lezi zinhlangano ezinamandla ezinolwazi olusha ezinamandla zisekela "ukugqugquzela" (noma "ukugqugquzela okugqugquzelayo") inkolelo yokulutha.

Ngokuqondene nokuxhumana kwethu nabakwa-servicemen nabalingani bethu, kungenzeka ukuthi njengoba bevuselela ukuvusa kwabo ngokobulili kwizithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, ubulili obuhlukanisiwe abusekho ukuhlangabezana nokulindelekile okufakiwe futhi akuzange kubangele ukukhululwa kwe-dopamine eyanele ukukhiqiza nokusekela ama-ections [50, 62, 139]. Njengoba i-Prause nePfaus inothi, "Izinkinga ze-Erectile zingase zenzeke lapho ukugqugquzela ngokoqobo ngokocansi kungavumelani nokuqukethwe okubanzi [kufinyeleleka kwi-intanethi]" [50]. Ucwaningo lwesintu nolwezilwane lubonisa ukuthi lapho okulindelwe kungakapheli (iphutha lokubikezela okungalungile), umsebenzi owenziwe i-mesolimbic dopamine pathway uvinjelwe [140, 141, 142, 143]. Ucwaningo lwezidakamizwa libike ukuthi izinkulumo ezihlanganiswe ngokucacile ngokungabikho komuthi wezidakamizwa zingaba nemiphumela engavimbela ukukhululwa kwe-dopamine [72]. Ngokuvumelana nephutha elibikezelayo lokubikezela, i-Banca et al. kubike ukwehla komsebenzi wokuhlaselwa kwe-ventral ngenxa yokushiywa kwesithombe esilindeleke ngokobulili (ngokulandela isiqephu esimisiwe) [86]. Banca et al. futhi wabika ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula okunempilo, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile be-intanethi abaphoqelekile beye bathuthukisa okuthandwa yizici ezifakiwe (amaphethini abstract) ahlobene nezithombe zocansi [86]. Lokhu kutholakala kubonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi be-pornography be-intanethi bangakwazi ukuzwa iziqu ezingahlobene nokuqukethwe kocansi, izinhlangano ezingaba inselele enkulu ukucima [87].

Ucwaningo lwe-2014 fMRI nguVoon et al. inikeza ukusekelwa komfelandawonye wokukhuthaza (ukuzwela) ngokuphathelene nokucindezela abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi [31]. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula okunempilo, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi bephoqelele ukwenza umsebenzi wefilimu ocacile ngocansi emgodini we-ventral striatum, i-amygdala kanye ne-dorsaal anterior cortex cortex. Le nethiwekhi yenethiwekhi efanayo isebenze ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kokusebenza nokudinga izidakamizwa ezihlukumeza izidakamizwa [144]. Voon et al. Uphinde wabika ukuthi, "Uma kuqhathaniswa nezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezinempilo, [abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi] babe nesifiso sokuzicabangela ngokweqile ngokocansi noma befuna ukucacisa amagama futhi babe nezibalo ezinjengezici ezingaphezu kokucacile, ngaleyo ndlela babonisa ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kokufuna nokuthanda" [31] (iphe. 2). Enkampanini yokugqugquzela ukukhuthaza umlutha, ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kokufuna "nokuthanda" kubhekwa njengenkomba yokufunda kwezemvelo [106]. Njengoba umlutha wezocansi zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kuqhubeka, ukugqugquzela nokuthanda ukusebenzisa ("ukufuna") ukwandisa, kanti injabulo evela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ("ukuthanda") iyancipha. Lapha, ababukeli bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile be-intanethi "bathandile" isenzo esingafuni ukusikisela, kodwa "bafuna" lokho okushiwo ngokucacile. Ngokufanayo ne-servicemen yethu, iningi lezihloko ze-Voon et al. (Ubudala obuneminyaka eyi-25) "lunezinkinga ezinkulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nezinkinga ze-erectile ebuhlotsheni obuseduze kodwa hhayi ngezinto ezicacile zocansi eziqokomisa ukuthi izifiso zesifiso ezithuthukile zazicacile ngokucacile okukhulunywa ngakho hhayi isifiso sobulili esikhulisiwe "31] (iphe. 5). Ucwaningo oluthile lwezihloko eziningi olufanayo lathola ukuxhaswa okunamandla ekusebenziseni izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile e-Internet kufana nalokhu okuphawulwe ekufundeni kwezidakamizwa eziphathelene nokulutha umlutha [111]. Ithimba lezokucwaninga laphetha ngokuthi, "Lezi zifundo ndawonye zinikeza ukusekelwa kwe-motivation theory of the addiction okugxila ekuphenduleni okungahambi kahle ngokobulili ku-CSB [ukuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokocansi]" [111].

Ucwaningo lwe-2015 lwama-fMRI kubantu abesilisa abesilisa abathandana nabo ngo-Seok no-Sohn luphindaphindiwe futhi lunwetshwa ekutholeni kweVoon et al. [31] noMechelmans et al. [111], nje kuchazwe [120]. U-Seok no-Sohn babike ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa kobulili obuphathelene nokuxhaswa kwabomzimba babene-activation ebuchosheni obukhulu kakhulu uma bevezwa ezithombeni zobulili ze-5. Ngesikhathi uVoon et al [31] uhlolisise umsebenzi owenziwe ngamakhompyutha e-DACC-ventral-amygdala yenethiwekhi esebenzayo, uSeok noSohn bahlola umsebenzi e-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (i-DLPFC), i-nucleus e-corsate, i-low-parietal lobe, i-corsulate anterior cingulate gyrus, ne-thalamus. U-Seok no-Sohn bangezelele ukuthi ukuqina komlutha wezocansi ngokuqondile kuhambisana nokusebenza okukwenziwa kwe-DLPFC ne-thalamus. Ukutholwa okwesithathu kwaba ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa kwabantu abanobulili obufanayo babenomsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu we-DLPFC ekusebenzisweni kocansi, nokho ukusebenza okuncane kakhulu kwe-DLPFC ukuthi kungenzi lutho. Lezi zibuko ezingavamile ze-correx ezisebenzayo kubantu abanezidakamizwa lapho ukuzwela okwandisa ukubhebhetheka komlutha kuhambisana nemithwalo encane emisebenzini evamile yokuvuza [145]. Lokhu kutholakala kuhambisana nenkolelo yethu yokuthi kokubili ukungahloniphi nokungazenzisi kwesistimu yokugqugquzela kwengqondo kuhilelekile ekusebenziseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuphoqelekile, futhi kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokuhlukunyezwa kocansi okubangelwa ucansi.

Isifundo se-2016 c-reactivity kubasebenzisi besilisa abesilisa ocansi bobulili obucanshangayo banda kakhulu ekutholeni kwangaphambilini [54]. I-Brand et al. kubike ukuthi umsebenzi we-ventral striatum wawukhulu kunendaba ephathekayo yobulili obucatshangelwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi we-ventral striatum onamandla wezinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile wawuhlobene nezibonakaliso ezizimele zokusebenzisa umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Eqinisweni, izimpawu zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet (njengoba kuhlolwe yi-s-IATsex) kwakuwukuphela kwendlela ephawulekayo yokuphendula imidwebo ye-ventral striatum ezithombeni ezithandwayo ezikhethwayo ezingavunyelwe. Ezinye izinto eziguqukayo, ezifana nesilinganiso samasonto onke socansi lwe-inthanethi, ukuxhaswa ngokocansi, ukuziphatha okubi ngokobulili ngokujwayelekile, izimpawu zokucindezeleka nokuzwela kwabantu, kanye nezinkomba zokuqina kokuziphatha ngokobulili okwamanje, akuhambisani nokusebenza komsebenzi we-ventral striatum. Ngokumane nje, kwaba ukuzwela okungcono kakhulu okubikezele izimpawu zokulutha kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi. I-Brand et al. waphetha ngokuthi, "Okutholakele kugcizelela ukufana phakathi kwe-IPA [ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile] nakwezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha nezifo ezihlobene nezidakamizwa" [54].

Ucwaningo lwe-2016 fMRI (Klucken et al.) [121] uqhathanisa amaqembu amabili abantu besilisa abesilisa nabesifazane: izihloko ezinokuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokobulili (CSB) nokulawula okunempilo. Isikhathi sesikhathi esivame ukusetshenziswa ukubuka izinto ezicacile zobulili masonto onke kwaba yi-1187 min yeqembu le-CSB ne-29 min yeqembu lokulawula. Abacwaningi baveze zonke izifundo kwinkqubo yokubeka isimo lapho izimo zangaphambili ezingezangezelele (izikwele ezinemibala) zabikezela isethulo sesithombe esichazayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula izihloko nge-CSB kuboniswe ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-amygdala ngenkathi isethulo sesimiso esimisiwe esichaza isithombe esinobuciko. Lokhu okutholayo kufana nokuhlola ukubika kwandisa ukwenziwa kwe-amygdala uma izidakamizwa zezidakamizwa zitholakala kwizigcawu ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa [146]. Voon et al. futhi kubike ukuthi amavidiyo acacile akhiphe ukuvuselela okukhulu kwe-amygdala kwizihloko ze-CSB kunezingqinamba ezinempilo. Lolu cwaningo luguqulwa ngokucwaninga kwezilwane ukuxhumanisa i-amygdala ekusimeni kwesimo. Isibonelo, ukugqugquzela i-opioid circuitry ku-amygdala iphakamisa amandla okukhuthaza amandla ekubhekiseni isiqu esifakiwe, kuhambisane nokunciphisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ukukhangiswa kwesinye isici esilindelekile [147]. Ngenkathi iqembu le-CSB eKlucken et al. [121] wayenomsebenzi omkhulu wokuvuselela ukubikezela isithombe socansi, ukuvukela kwabo ngokocansi okungekho ngaphansi kokulawula. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ezintathu zezihloko ezingamashumi amabili ze-CSB zibikwe ngokuthi "i-orgasmic-erection disorder" lapho zixoxwa ukuba zibukeze ukuxilongwa kwe-Axis I ne-Axis II, kuyilapho kungekho zihloko ezilawulwayo ezibika izinkinga zocansi. Lokhu okutholayo kukhumbula i-Voon et al., Lapho izihloko ze-CSB zine-activation-acral-intra-striral-activation-dACC ukuze kuvezwe amavidiyo ocansi, kodwa i-11 ye-19 ibike ubunzima be-erectile noma yokuvusa nabalingani bobulili. Klucken et al. futhi wathola ukubambisana okunciphise phakathi kwe-ventral striatum kanye ne-prefrontal cortex ezifundweni ze-CSB uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Ukunciphisa i-ventral-PFC yokuxhuma kuye kwabikwa ngokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa futhi kukholakala ukuthi kuhlobene nokulawulwa kokucindezeleka okungaphelele [145].

Ucwaningo lwe-2013 EEG nguSteele et al. kubike ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-P300 ezithombeni zobulili, ngokuphathelene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi, kubantu abakhononda ngezinkinga ezilawula izithombe zabo ezingcolile zobulili ze-intanethi zisebenzisa [48]. Abahlukumezi bezinto ezibonakalayo nabo babonisa ukuphakama okukhulu kwe-P300 uma bevezwe emibonweni ebonakalayo ehambisana nokulutha kwayo [148]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSteele et al. kubike ukungahambisani okuhle phakathi kwe-P300 namaphesenti nesifiso sobulili nomlingani [48]. Ukucubungula okukhulu ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ze-intanethi ezihambisana nesifiso esincane sokulala ngokocansi, njengoba kubike uSteele et al., Ihambisana neVoon et al. ukutholwa "kokunciphisa i-libido noma umsebenzi we-erectile ikakhulukazi ebuhlotsheni obungokwenyama nabesifazane" kubasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi [31]. Ukusekela lezi zitholakele, izifundo ezimbili ezihlola isifiso socansi kanye nomsebenzi we-erectile "kwabangqingili" kanye nabasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Internet babememezela ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinyathelo zocansi, nokunciphisa isifiso sobulili obuhlukanisiwe nezinkinga zocansi [15, 30]. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwe-2016 lwamadoda we-434 abheka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi okungenani kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule libike ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwakuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphakeme wokuvuselela, kodwa ukwaneliseka kocansi nokugcwala komsebenzi we-erectile [44]. Lezi ziphumo kufanele zibhekwe ngenxa yezifundo eziningi ze-neuropsychology ezitholile ukuthi ukuvota ngocansi kwizinthanethi zobulili ezingcolile zobulili kanye nokulangazelela ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zihlobene nobuqili bezimpawu zokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi kanye nezinkinga ezibikwayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngenxa yezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ze-intanethi zisebenzisa [52, 53, 54, 113, 115, 149, 150]. Ukuhlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​izifundo eziningi nezihlukahlukene kubasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zivumelanisa ne-incentive-salience theory of addiction, lapho izinguquko ekukhangiseni okubalulekile okuhambisana nokuguquka ekusebenzeni kwezindawo zobuchopho ezibandakanya inqubo yokukhuthaza [31, 106]. Ukuze sifinyelele, ngokuvumelana ne-hypothesis yethu, izifundo ezihlukahlukene zibika ukuthi ukucubungula okukhulu ekubhekiseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukuthanda ukubuka, nokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zobulili nokunciphisa isifiso sobulili sabalingani.

I-3.4.2. Ukunciphisa Umzwelo Wokuzwela (Ukuziphendulela)

Ngokuphambene nokuphendula okungathandeki emibhalweni ye-pornography e-intanethi echazwe nje, ukungazenzisi kuyancipha kokunciphisa ukuzwela umvuzo okwenzeka ngokujwayelekile [70, 151, 152, 153], njengezocansi ezihlukanisiwe [31, 48]. Lokhu kuncipha nakho kulandela ukubekezelelana [70], futhi kuye kwacatshangelwa kokubili izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha [153, 154, 155, 156], kuhlanganise nezinye izinhlobo zokulutha kwe-inthanethi [157, 158, 159] .Ukubekezelelana kwethu kwe-servicemen ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kwanda ngokushesha, okuholela ekubukeni izinto ezimbi kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi i-video ekhethiwe yokuzilibazisa i-pornography ivusa kakhulu kunezinye izithombe ezingcolile ezingabangela ukuhlala noma ukubekezela [27, 75, 79, 81, 160]. Isibonelo, amadoda abheka ifilimu yezocansi kunokuba ifilimu engathathi hlangothi kamuva ibonise impendulo encane emifanekisweni yezocansi, isenzo esingenzeka sokuhlala [161]. Kungakabiphi ngemuva kokuba izithombe zevidiyo zitholakale zitholakale, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi lapho ababukeli benikezwa ukufinyelela kwe-pornography yama-videotapes ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, basheshe baqhubekela ezinganeni ezingcolile ezingcolile [162]. Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingaphezulu, kubaluleke kakhulu isifiso sezingqinamba ezinzima [27, 43, 162], okubonisa ukwehlisa ukuphendula ngokocansi. (Futhi, isigamu sezifundo ze-Kinsey Institute ezazivame ukudla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili zabonisa ukuphika okuncane kwe-erectile ebhodini, futhi zabika isidingo sokwenza okunye futhi okuhlukahlukene [27], nengxenye yabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile abasanda kuhlola nabo baye bathuthele emininingwaneni engabathandeki ngaphambili noma eyatholile enengekayo [44(i-260).) Kwesinye isifundo, ukwaneliseka ngokobulili nabalingani, njengoba kulinganiswa uthando, ukubukeka komzimba, ukulangazela kobulili, nokusebenza kocansi, kwakuhlobene ngokuqondile nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile [43]. Ezingxenyeni zokubambisana ezinomzimba obushukumisayo ngokweqile nge-amphetamine impairs pair-bonding nge-activation of mesolimbic dopamine receptors [163], futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi ezivusa inkanuko namuhla ziletha nomphumela ofanayo kwabanye abasebenzisi.

Ngokuhambisana nesiphakamiso sokuthi izinhlelo ezithile zokubheka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-Internet zingase zingabonakali ekuphenduleni ubulili obuhlukanisiwe (kanye nokusebenza okusebenzayo kwe-pornography ye-intanethi), isifundo se-2014 se-fMRI sabasebenzisi abangcolile be-Internet abakwa-Kühn no- U-Gallinat wathola ukuthi i-caudate efanele ye-striatum yayincane nangamahora amaningi neminyaka yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi [134] .Ukubonakala sengathi kubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okuhambisana nokuxhumana futhi kuthinteka kakhulu emazweni ashukumisayo ahlotshaniswa nothando lothando [164, 165]. Futhi, izihloko ezingaphezulu ze-Internet ezisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, zinciphisa ukusebenza ku-putamen yangakwesokunxele lapho ubuka izithombe zobulili ezicacile (ukuchayeka kwe-0.530). Ukusebenza kwe-putamen kuhlotshaniswa nokuvuswa kobulili kanye ne-penile tumescence [67, 166]. Abalobi basikisela kokubili ukuthola ukuthi "kuvumelana nenkolelo yokuthi ukuvezwa okukhulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubangela ukwehliswa kwempendulo yemvelo ye-neural kwisenzo socansi" [134]. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amadoda "anentshisekelo ephezulu ekuziphatheni okubi noma ezonakele ezingcolile" abika ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokusebenza kwabo ngokocansi, usayizi wepenisi, kanye nokukwazi ukugcina ukulungiswa kunabanye abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi [42]. Njengokwethenjelwa, ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kunganciphisa ukuphendula ngokocansi kwabanye abasebenzisi, ngaleyo ndlela ukushayela isidingo sokukhulisa izinto ezingaphezulu noma ezingokoqobo ukuze wenze [27]. Futhi, ucwaningo lwe-2016 lubike ukuthi isigamu samadoda ahlolisisiwe sathuthele ezintweni "ezingazange zithokozise ngaphambili noma ukuthi zibhekwa njengezinengiso" [44].

Ucwaningo lwe-2015 EEG lukaPrause et al. kuqhathanisa ababukeli abaningi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi (kusho i-3.8 h / ngesonto) abacindezelekile ngokubuka kwabo ekulawuleni (kusho i-0.6 ngesonto) njengoba bebukela izithombe zobulili (ukuchayeka kwe-1.0) [130]. Ekutholeni ukuthi okufana noKühn noGallinat, ababukeli bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bama-intanethi ngokuvamile babonisa ukusebenziselwa kwe-neural encane (LPP) ezithombeni zobulili kunezilawuli [130]. Imiphumela yezifundo zombili zibonisa ukuthi ababukeli abavamile bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi badinga ukuvuselelwa okubonakalayo okukhulu ukuze baphendule ubuchopho uma beqhathaniswa nokulawula okunempilo noma abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi [167, 168]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKühn noGallinat babike ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ziyasebenzisana nokuhlanganiswa okuphansi kokusebenza phakathi kwe-striatum ne-prefrontal cortex. Ukungasebenzi phakathi kwalesi sigaba kuye kwahlobene nokukhetha okungalungile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini imiphumela engalungile [169]. Ngokuvumelana noKühn noGallinat, izifundo ze-neuropsychological zibika ukuthi izihloko ngokuthambekela okuphakeme ekubhekaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi ziye zanciphisa umsebenzi wokulawula ophethe lapho zibhekene nendaba yezocansi [53, 114].

Ucwaningo lwe-2015 fMRI nguBanca et al. kubika ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula okunempilo, izihloko zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zinezikhethelo ezinkulu ezithandwayo ezithombeni zezithombe zocansi [86]. Ngenkathi ukufuna izinto ezintsha kanye nokufuna izinzwa kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yezinhlobo eziningana zokulutha [170], Banca et al. athola ukungaboni ngaso phakathi kwezinkomba ezifunayo lapho kusetshenziselwa abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile be-intanethi kanye nokulawula okunempilo. Abalobi basikisela ukuthi okuthandwayo kwendabuko kwakucacile ekusetshenzisweni kobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi, futhi akuyona into ejwayelekile eyenziwe- noma ukufunwa kwezinzwa [86]. Le miphumela ihambelana noBrand et al. (I-2011), eyathola ukuthi "inani lezicelo zobulili ezisetshenzisiwe" laliyisidakamizwa esibalulekile sokulutha ngokweqile usebenzisa i-questionnaire ye-IATsex, kanti izici zobuntu azihlobene nokulutha kocansi lwe-inthanethi [53]. Banca et al. futhi kubike ukuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Internet abacindezelayo babonisa ukujwayela okukhulu kakhulu kwi-corsulate cteulate cortex (dACC) yangaphambili yokubuka izithombe ezifanayo zobulili [86]. Ngokuvamile, izinga le-DACC yokujwayela izithombe zocansi lihlotshaniswa nokuthandwa okukhulu kwezenzo zothando zocansi [86]. I-DACC ibandakanyeka ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa nokuzikhandla, kanye nokuhlolwa kwemiklomelo ekulindelwe noma engalindelekile [144, 171]. Voon et al. kubika umsebenzi we-DACC othuthukisiwe ekufundiseni izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngokuphendula amavidiyo acacile ngokobulili [31]. Iziphumo zikaBanca et al. Ziphakamisa kakhulu ukuthi intsha enkulu ekufuneni abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile e-intanethi iphoqelelwe ukuqhutshwa okusheshayo kokuya ocansini. Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi, "Sibonisa ngokucophelela lokho okubonakalayo emitholampilo ukuthi [ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi] kubonakala ngokufuna izinto ezintsha, isimo sengqondo kanye nokujwayela ukwenza ucansi emadodeni" [86]. Esifundweni esilandelayo, eziningi zalezi zihloko ezifanayo ziye zabika nocansi ukuvuka nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-erectile ekusebenzisaneni ngokocansi okuhlukanisiwe, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zisebenzisa [31]. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi-ezibangele ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kungase kube yingxenye ngenxa yokulindela okulindelekile kobuhle obungalingani nomsebenzi wobulili obuhlukanisiwe. Kuthathwa ndawonye, ​​uKühn noGallinat [134], Prause et al. [130] neBanca et al. [86] wabonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile base-Internet babonisa (1) ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho obuncane ekuphenduleni ukufinyeleleka okufutshane kwezithombe zocansi; (2) okuthandwa kakhulu kwezenzo zothando zobulili; (3) ukujwayela okusheshayo kwe-DACC kwisimo socansi; futhi (4) umthamo ongeyena ompunga ivolumu ku-caudate. Lokhu kutholakala kusekela ukucabanga ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zingase zinciphise ukuzwela umvuzo, okuholela ekwenzeni ukwandisa nokubekezelelana kanye nesidingo sokugqugquzela okukhulu ukuvuswa ngokocansi.

Ucwaningo lokuphenya nge-psychogenic ED lunikeza ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo kwendima yomvuzo wokuziphatha okungalungile ekusebenziseni okungenayo erectile kanye ne-libido ephansi. I-Dopamine agonist apomorphine ihlanganisa ama-penile erections kumadoda ane-psychogenic ED [172]. Lapho ucwaningo lwe-2003 lwama-fMRI luqapha amaphethini obuchopho ngenkathi amadoda ane-psychogenic ED kanye nokulawula okunamandla abukela amafilimu ezocansi, labo abane-psychogenic ED bahluke kakhulu ekulawuleni okunamandla ngezinga lokusebenza kwezifunda ze-cortical ne-subcortical. Lapho i-dopamine i-agonist apomorphine yenzelwa amadoda ane-psychogenic ED, yakhiqiza amaphethini wokusebenza komqondo afana nalawo abonwayo ekulawuleni okunamandla: kakhulu kwanda umsebenzi we-scatal and hypothalamic ohlangene nokuqedwa kwe-cortical [173]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwe-2012 MRI lwathola ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile phakathi kokunciphisa indaba ebomvu kanye ne-hypothalamic gray kanye ne-psychogenic ED [174]. Ucwaningo lwe-2008 lwabika amadoda ane-psychogenic ED abonise umsebenzi ongenalutho we-hypothalamic ekuphenduleni ifilimu yezocansi [175].

I-2. Izifundo ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-porn noma ukulutha kwe-porn ku-ED, i-anorgasmia, isifiso sobulili esifanele, ukukhishwa kwe-ejaculation okubambezelekile, nokuvusa okunciphisayo kwisenzo socansi.

Qaphela: Ingxabano mayelana nokuba khona kwezidakamizwa zobulili ezenziwe ngocansi iphelile. Izifundo zokuqala ze-5 zibonisa ukucabangela njengoba abahlanganyeli beqedile ukusetshenziswa kocansi nokuphulukiswa okungavamile kocansi.

1) Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016) - Ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwezincwadi ezihlobene nezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Ukubandakanya odokotela abayi-7 base-US Navy (odokotela bezokwelapha, odokotela bengqondo, kanye ne-MD ene-PhD ku-neuroscience) ukubuyekezwa kunikeza idatha yakamuva eveza ukwanda okukhulu kwezinkinga zobusha ezisencane. Iphinde ibuyekeze izifundo ze-neurological ezihlobene nokulutha kocansi nezimo zocansi nge-inthanethi ye-porn. Odokotela bahlinzeka ngemibiko ye-3 yemitholampilo yamadoda athuthukise ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Ababili kulaba abathathu baphulukisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwabo ngokocansi ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Indoda yesithathu ibhekane nokuthuthuka okuncane njengoba ibingakwazi ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Ingcaphuno:

Izici zendabuko eziye zachaza ubunzima bobulili besilisa zibonakala zinganele ukwenza i-akhawunti ngokunyuka okukhulu ekusebenziseni kwe-erectile, ukubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation, ukunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokobulili, nokunciphisa i-libido ngesikhathi sokulala ngobulili kumadoda ngaphansi kwe-40. Lokhu kubuyekezwa (i-1) kubheka idatha kusuka ezizindeni eziningi, isibonelo, imitholampilo, izidakamizwa (izidakamizwa / urology), kwengqondo (isimo sezocansi), inhlalo yezenhlalo; futhi (i-2) inikeza uchungechunge lwemibiko yemitholampilo, konke ngenhloso yokuphakamisa isiqondiso esingahle sokucwaninga esikhathini esizayo salesi simo. Ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yokugqugquzela ebuchosheni kuhlolwe njengendlela etiology engase ibe ngaphansi kwezidakamizwa eziphathelene nocansi. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuphinde kubone ubufakazi bokuthi izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ze-pornography e-Inthanethi (intsha engenamkhawulo, okusemandleni okukhula okulula kuya kwezinto ezimbi kakhulu, ifomethi yevidiyo, njll.) Ingase ibe namandla ngokwanele ukuvusa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ezintweni zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ezisebenzisana nezinguquko kalula -abalingani bokuphila, njengokuthi ubulili nabalingani abafisa ngeke babhalise njengemigomo yokulindela kanye nokwehla kokuvusa. Imibiko yemitholampilo iphakamisa ukuthi ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet ngezinye izikhathi kuyanele ukuguqula imiphumela emibi, kugcizelela isidingo sokuphenyisisa olunzulu ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinezihloko ezisusa ukuhlukahluka kokusetshenziswa kocansi kwe-Internet.

2) Imikhuba yokushaya indlwabu kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (2016) - Kungudokotela wezifo zengqondo waseFrance ongumongameli wamanje we I-European Federation yezocansi. Leli phepha libheke ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okuhlangenwe nakho komzimba nabesilisa be-35 abaye bahlakulela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kanye / noma i-anorgasmia, nezindlela zakhe zokwelapha zokuzisiza. Umbhali uthi iziguli zakhe eziningi zasebenzisa i-porno, kanti eziningana ziyizidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Amaphuzu angabonakali ku-internet porn njengesizathu esiyinhloko sezinkinga. U-19 wamadoda we-35 wabona ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni ngokocansi. Amanye amadoda aye aphuma ekwelashweni noma asazama ukuphola. Okucaphuno:

Isingeniso: Akusizi ngalutho futhi kuyasiza ngendlela yakhe evamile eyenziwa kabanzi, ukushaya indlwabu ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi evelele, ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa nanamuhla kumlutha wezocansi, kuvame ukungahoxiswa ekuhloleni komtholampilo kokungasebenzi ngokocansi okungenza.

Imiphumela: Imiphumela yokuqala yalezi ziguli, ngemuva kokwelashwa "ukungafundi" imikhuba yabo yokushaya indlwabu kanye nokulutha kwabo okuvame ukuhambisana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kuyakhuthaza futhi kuyathembisa. Ukwehliswa kwezimpawu kutholakale ezigulini eziyi-19 kwezingama-35. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwehlile futhi lezi ziguli zakwazi ukujabulela ukwenza ucansi olwanelisayo.

Isiphetho: Ukushaya indlwabu, okuvame ukuhambisana nokuxhomekeka kwe-pornography, kuye kwabonakala kuthatha indima ekutheni i-etiology yezinhlobo ezithile ze-erectile i-dysfunction noma i-coital enejaculation. Kubalulekile ukuhlonza ngokucacile ukuba khona kwalezi mkhuba kunokuba kuqhutshwe ukuxilongwa ngokuqedwa, ukuze kufakwe izindlela zokuqeda ukukhubazeka ekulawuleni lezi zinkinga.

3) Umkhuba ongavamile we-masturbatory njengento etiological ekuxilongweni kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kumadoda amasha (2014) - Olunye lwezifundo ze-4 kuleli phepha libika ngendoda enezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa izithombe zocansi (i-libido ephansi, ama-fetus, anorgasmia). Ukungenelela ngokocansi kudinga ukuyeka ukuziqhenya kwe-6 kwi-porn nokushaya indlwabu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ze-8 le ndoda yabika isifiso sobulili esiphuthumayo, ubulili obuphumelelayo kanye ne-orgasm, nokujabulela "imikhuba emihle yobulili. Lokhu kungukuqala kokubuyekezwa kontanga kokuthola kabusha okuvela ekucansheni kocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Okucaphuno okuvela ephepheni:

"Lapho ebuzwa ngemikhuba ye-masturbatory, wabika ukuthi esikhathini esidlule wayesebenzisa ngokushaya indlwabu ngamandla nangesikhathi ebuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusukela ebusheni. Ekuqaleni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zazihlanganisa nokuzikhohlisa, ukugqilaza, ukubuswa, ukudabuka, nokubukeka kwe-masochism, kodwa ekugcineni wajwayele lezi zinto futhi wadinga izigcawu ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, okubandakanya ubulili be-transgender, ubudlova, nobulili obudlova. Wayevame ukuthenga ama-movie angcolile angekho emthethweni ngezenzo zobulili ezinobudlova nokudlwengula nokubukisa lezo zigcawu emcabangweni wakhe wokusebenzisana ngokocansi nabesifazane. Kancane kancane walahlekelwa isifiso sakhe namandla akhe okucabanga futhi wehlisa ukuvama kwendlela yokushaya indlwabu. "

Ngokubambisana nezinhlelo zamasonto onke nomculi wezocansi, isiguli satshelwa ukuba sigweme noma yikuphi ukuvezwa okubonakalayo ngokobulili, kufaka phakathi amavidiyo, amaphephandaba, izincwadi kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-8, isiguli sabikezwa sibhekene ne-orgasm ephumelelayo kanye ne-ejaculation. Wabuye wavuselela ubuhlobo bakhe nalowo wesifazane, futhi kancane kancane waphumelela ekujabuleleni imikhuba emihle yobulili.

4) Kunzima kangakanani ukuphatha ukujula okwephuzile ngaphakathi komodeli wesikhashana ongokwengqondo? Ukuqhathaniswa kwesifundo (2017) - Lo ngumbiko ophathelene “namacala ahlanganisiwe” amabili abonisa i-etiology kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ukubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation (anorgasmia). "Isiguli B" besimele izinsizwa eziningana eziphathwe yilapha owelapha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi leli phephandaba lithi "ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwePatient B kwase kukhule kwaba izinto ezinzima", "njengoba kwenzeka njalo". Leli phepha lithi ukuhlobene nezocansi ukubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation akuyona into engavamile, futhi kuyanda. Umbhali ufuna ucwaningo oluthe xaxa ngemiphumela ye-porn yokusebenza kocansi. Ukuchithwa kokubambezeleka kwesiguli B kuphulukisiwe ngemuva kwamasonto e-10 kungekho porn. Izingcaphuno:

Amacala amacala ahlanganisiwe athathwa emsebenzini wami ngaphakathi kweNational Health Service eCroydon University Hospital, eLondon. Ngalesi sigameko (Isiguli B), kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nkulumo ibonisa inani labantu abesilisa abasha abathunyelwe amaGP abo ngokuhlonza okufanayo. Isiguli B ngumuntu oneminyaka eyi-19 owethule ngoba wayengenakukwazi ukungena ejaculate ngokungena. Ngesikhathi eyi-13, wayehlala efinyelela kumasayithi e-pornography ngedwa ngokwayo ngokuseshwa kwe-intanethi noma ngezixhumanisi abangane bakhe abamthumelele kuzo. Waqala ukushaya indlwabu ubusuku bonke ngesikhathi ecwaninga ifoni yakhe ngesithombe ... Uma engazange aphule indlala engakwazi ukulala. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ayezisebenzisayo zaye zanda, njengoba kunjalo njalo (bheka i-Hudson-Allez, i-2010), zibe izinto eziqinile (akukho okungekho emthethweni) ...

Isiguli B sasivezwe esithombeni sezocansi ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusukela eneminyaka engu-12 kanye nezithombe ezingcolile ayezisebenzisayo zaziye zafika ebugqilini futhi zibuswa yi-15.

Savuma ukuthi ngeke esasisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukushaya indlwabu. Lokhu kwakusho ukushiya ifoni yakhe ekamelweni elihlukile ebusuku. Sivumile ukuthi uzoshaya indlwabu ngendlela ehlukile ....

Isiguli B sakwazi ukufeza i-orgasm ngokusebenzisa ukungena ngeseshini yesihlanu; lezi zifundo zihlinzeka kabili ebusuku eSibhedlela saseCroydon University ngakho-ke iseshini yesihlanu ilingana namaviki angaba ngu-10 kusukela kokubonisana. Wajabula futhi ekhululekile kakhulu. Ezinyangeni ezintathu ezilandelwayo nesiguli B, izinto zisaqhubeka kahle.

Isiguli B asilona icala elikude ngaphakathi kweNational Health Service (NHS) kanti empeleni abasha abasha abathola ukuphathwa kwengqondo kobulili, ngaphandle kobambisene nabo, bazikhulumela ngokwabo emiphakathini yokushintsha.

Ngakho-ke lesi sihloko sisekela ucwaningo olwedlule oluye lwahlanganisa isitayela sokushaya indlwabu ekusebenziseni ngokocansi nokuzicabangela kocansi ngesitayela sokushaya indlwabu. Lesi sihloko siphetha ngokuphakamisa ukuthi impumelelo yezigulane ezingokwengqondo zobulili ekusebenzisaneni ne-DE azivame ukulotshwa ezincwadini zezemfundo, okuye kwavumela umbono we-DE njengengxaki eyinkimbinkimbi yokwelapha ehlala ingenasikelwa. Lesi sihloko sidinga ukucwaninga ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nemiphumela yaso ekushaya indlwabu kanye nokunciphisa umzimba.

5) Isimo se-Psychogenic Anejaculation: Isifundo Sezifundo (2014) - Imininingwane iveza icala le-anejaculation ye-porn. Umuzwa womyeni okuwukuphela kwakhe kwezocansi ngaphambi komshado wayevame ukushaya indlwabu kwezocansi - lapho wayekwazi ukujikisa. Ubuye wabika ukuthi ukuya ocansini nokuvusa umzimba njengokuvusa indlwabu kuzitho zangasese. Ingxenye esemqoka yolwazi ukuthi "ukuqeqesha kabusha" kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo kwehlulekile ukuphulukisa ukuvela kwakhe. Lapho lokho kungenelela kwehluleka, abelaphi baphakamisa ukuthi kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukushaya indlwabu kwezocansi. Ekugcineni lokhu kuvinjelwa kuholele ekuphumeleleni kwezocansi kanye nokujuluka nomlingani okokuqala empilweni yakhe. Izingcosana ezimbalwa:

A ngumfana wesilisa oneminyaka engu-33 oshadile onomlingani wobulili obuhlukile, ochwepheshe kusukela emlandweni wendawo yasemadolobheni ophakathi. Akazange abe noxhumana naye ocansini ngaphambi komshado. Wayebuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi ekhishwa ngokushaya indlwabu njalo. Ukwaziswa kwakhe ngocansi kanye nobulili kwakwanele. Ukulandela umshado wakhe, uMnu A wachaza i-libido yakhe njengokwejwayelekile, kepha kamuva wehliswa kancane ekuhluphekeni kwakhe. Naphezu kokunyakaza okugxile kweminye imizuzu ye-30-45, wayengakaze akwazi ukuhlaziya noma ukufeza i-orgasm ngesikhathi sokulala nomfazi wakhe.

Yini engasebenzi:

Imithi kaMnu. A's yayinganiselwe; i-clomipramine ne-bupropion zaqedwa, futhi i-sertraline yayigcinwa ngomthamo we-150 mg ngosuku. Izikhathi zokwelashwa nezibhangqwana zaziqhutshwa masonto onke ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, ezilandelayo lapho zihlukaniswa khona izinyanga ezimbili nangemva kwenyanga. Iziphakamiso ezicacile ezibandakanya ukugxila ekuzwelweni kocansi nokugxila ekuhlangenwe nakho kocansi kunokuba kusetshenziselwe ukujula kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukusebenza ukukhathazeka nokubukwa. Njengoba izinkinga zaqhubeka naphezu kwalokhu kungenelela, ukwelashwa okunamandla kwezocansi kwakucatshangelwa.

Ekugcineni baqala ukuvinjelwa okuphelele ekushaya indlwabu (okusho ukuthi waqhubeka nokushaya indlwabu enecansi ngesikhathi sokungenelela okuhlulekile okungenhla):

Kuvinjelwe ukuvinjelwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lohlelo locansi. Ukuzivocavoca okuqhubekayo kokuzizwa kwenhliziyo (ekuqaleni kokungezona ngokobulili kanye nesisu sangasese) sekuqalisiwe. UMnu A uchaze ukuthi akakwazi ukubhekana nesilinganiso esifanayo sokugqugquzela ngesikhathi socansi lokungenelela uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho akuhlangene nakho ngesikhathi sokushaya indlwabu. Lapho ukuvimbela ukushaya indlwabu kwaphoqelelwa, wabika isifiso esengeziwe sokwenza ucansi nomlingani wakhe.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esingaziwa, ukuvinjelwa kokushaya indlwabu kuyisiphumelele:

Ngaleso sikhathi, uMnu A nomkakhe bathatha isinqumo sokuqhubeka ne-assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) baphinde bangeniswa imijikelezo emibili yokufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-intrauterine. Ngesikhathi sesikhathi sokuzijwayeza, uMnu. U-ejactivated okokuqala, ngemuva kwalokho wakwazi ukukhipha ngokwenele ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwezocansi kwabaningi.

6) I-Dual Control Model - Indima Yokuvimbela Ngokocansi & Ukuzijabulisa Ekuvusweni Ngokobulili Nokuziphatha (2007) - Iphinde ibuye ithole futhi iqiniseke kakhulu. Ekuhloleni okusebenzisa i-porno yevidiyo, i-50% yamadoda amasha ayengakwazi ukuvuswa noma ukufezekisa ama-ections nge i-porn (isilinganiso seminyaka yayingu-29). Abacwaningi abashaqisayo bathola ukuthi ukungasebenzi kwamadoda erectile kwaba,

ehlobene namazinga aphezulu okuvezwa nokuzwa ngezici zobulili ezicacile.

Amadoda abhekene nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile ayesebenzise isikhathi esiningi emiphongolweni nasezindlini zokugeza lapho i-porn "yonke indawo, "Futhi"udlala ngokuqhubekayo.”Abaphenyi bathi:

Izingxoxo nezihloko zaqinisa umqondo wethu wokuthi kwezinye zazo ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-eerotica kubonakala sengathi kuye kwaholela ekuthwalweni okuphansi kwe "vanilla sex" i-eerotica kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezintsha nezokushintshashintsha, kwezinye izimo zihlangene nesidingo sokucacisa kakhulu izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuvusa ukuze zivuswe.

7) Ukuhlola Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kokuphazamiseka KwamaHhovisi Phakathi Nesikhathi Se-Latency kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezici ezicacile ngokobulili, Izithandani zobulili ezitholakala ku-intanethi, nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili ku-Young Adulthood (2009) - Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukuhlangana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamanje kwe-porn (izinto ezibekela obala ucansi - i-SEM) kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi, nokusetshenziswa kocansi ngesikhathi se- "latency period" (iminyaka engu-6-12) kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kocansi. Isilinganiso seminyaka sabahlanganyeli sasingu 22. Ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kocansi kuhambisana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, Ukusebenzisa i-porn ngesikhathi se-latency (iminyaka engu-6-12) ibe nokuhlanganiswa okunamandla nangokwehlukana ngokocansi. Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa:

Okutholakele kuphakamisa ukuthi ukuphazanyiswa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokulandelana ngendlela yokucabangela ngokocansi (SEM) kanye / noma ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi kwengane kungaxhunyaniswa nemikhuba yokuziphatha ngokocansi e-inthanethi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwe-SEM latency kwakuyisandulela esibalulekile sabantu abadala abathinteka ngokocansi.

Sifakazela ukuthi ukuchayeka kwe-SEM exposure kungase kubikezele ukusetshenziswa komuntu omdala we-SEM. Ukufundwa okufundwayo kwatholakala ukusekela kwethu, futhi kwabonisa ukuthi ukuhlonza kwe-SEM latency kwakuyisilinganiso esivelele sokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM yabantu abadala. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi abantu abavezwe ku-SEM ngesikhatsi se-latency, bangase baqhubekele le ndlela yokuziphatha ibe ngabantu abadala. Ukufundwa okufundwayo kuboniswe nokuthi ukuhlonza i-SEM latency kwakungumqondo ophawulekayo wokuziphatha komuntu omdala e-inthanethi.

8) Ama-Neural Correlates e-Sexual Cue Reactivity kuNobuntu abangenazo ngaphandle kokucindezela ngokocansi (2014) - Lolu cwaningo lwe-fMRI olwenziwa yiCambridge University luthole ukuzwela emilutha yezocansi, okukhombisa ukuzwela kulabo abayimilutha yezidakamizwa. Iphinde yathola ukuthi imilutha yezocansi ilingana nemodeli eyamukelwe yokulutha yokufuna "it" ngaphezulu, kepha hhayi ukuthanda "it" ngaphezulu. Abacwaningi baphinde babike ukuthi i-60% yezifundo (isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala: i-25) kunzima ukufeza ama-erections / ukuvusa nabalingani bangempela ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-porn, nokho kungafinyeleleka ukuphazamiseka nge-porn. Kusukela ekutadisheni ("CSB" kuziphatha okuphoqeleka ngokocansi):

Izihloko ze-CSB zibike ukuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinto ezibekela obala ezocansi… .. [bona] kwehle ukusebenza kwe-libido noma kwe-erectile ikakhulukazi ebudlelwaneni bomzimba nabesifazane (yize kungenabudlelwano nezinto ezibekela obala ezocansi)…

Uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo, izihloko ze-CSB zinezifiso ezingathí sina zobulili noma zifuna ukucacisa amagama futhi zinezici ezithandwa kakhulu ezihlokweni ezibucayi, ngaleyo ndlela zibonisa ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kokufuna nokuthanda. Izihloko ze-CSB nazo zinezinkinga ezinkulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nobunzima be-erectile ebuhlotsheni obuseduze kodwa hhayi ngezinsiza ezicacile ngokocansi eziqokomisa ukuthi izifiso zesifiso ezithuthukisiwe zazingqayizivele ezichazwe ngokucacile hhayi ngesifiso sobulili esikhulisiwe.

9) Imisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi: Ucwaningo lokuhlolisisa lwemikhakha yokusetshenziswa enenkinga futhi engekho inkinga kwisampula yamadoda (2016) - Lolu cwaningo lwaseBelgium oluvela ocwaningweni oluphambili lwenyuvesi luthole ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwe-inthanethi kwe-inthanethi kuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi owehlisiwe we-erectile futhi kunciphise ukwaneliseka okuphelele kwezocansi. Kodwa-ke abasebenzisi be-porn abanenkinga babhekana nezifiso ezinkulu (njengoba kubikiwe kwezinye izifundo eziningi). Ucwaningo lubukeka lubika ukwanda, njengoba abesilisa abangama-49% bebheka izithombe zocansi ezithi “bekungakatholakali ngaphambili kubo noma ukuthi babecabanga njengezinengiso. "(Bheka izifundo ukubika ukukhubazeka / ukungafuni ukuhlaziya izithombe ezingcolile kanye nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kobulili.) Izingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo lungolokuqala ukuphenya ngqo ubudlelwano phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi nokubandakanyeka okuyinkinga kuma-OSA. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi isifiso sobulili esiphakeme, ukwaneliseka okuphansi kocansi, nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile kuhlotshaniswa nama-OSA anenkinga (imisebenzi yezocansi online). Le miphumela ingaxhunyaniswa naleyo yezifundo zangaphambilini ezibika izinga eliphakeme lokuvuka ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zokulutha ngokocansi (IBancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).

Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye akhulume okungenani ngezinye izikhathi efuna okuqukethwe kobulili noma ehilelekile kuma-OSA angazange abe mnandi ngabo ngaphambili noma ukuthi ayebhekwa njengento enengekayo, futhi i-61.7% ibike ukuthi okungenani ngezinye izikhathi ama-OSA ahlotshaniswa namahloni noma imizwa enecala.

10) I-adolesolescent kanye ne-porn yewebhu: inkathi entsha yokucansi (2015) - Lolu cwaningo lwase-Italy luhlaziye imiphumela ye-porn ye-Intanethi kwabadala esikoleni esiphakeme. Ibhalwe ngokuhlanganyela nguprofesa we-urology Carlo Foresta, umongameli we-Italian Society of Pathophysiologyology. Ukuthola okuthakazelisayo kunazo zonke ukuthi i-16% yalabo abadla izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphezu kwesonto ngesonto baveza isifiso sobulili esingavamile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-0% kwabangewona abathengi (no-6% kulabo abadla i-porn esingaphansi kwesonto ngesonto). Kusukela ekufundeni:

I-21.9% ichaza njengokujwayelekile, i-10% ibika ukuthi inciphisa isithakazelo socansi kubantu abangabalingani bokuphila kwangempela, kanti okusele, i-9.1% ibika uhlobo lomlutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-19% yabathengi bobulili bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babika impendulo engavamile ngocansi, kanti iphesenti iphakanyiswe ku-25.1% phakathi kwabathengi abavamile.

11) Iziguli ezibhekene nohlobo lwama-Referral: Ukubukezwa Kweshadi Lokulinganiswa Kwama-115 Amacala Amadoda Axoshwayo (2015) - Isifundo sabesilisa (isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engama-41.5) abanezinkinga zokuya ocansini, njenge-paraphilias, ukushaya indlwabu okungapheli noma ukuphinga. Ama-27 wamadoda ahlukaniswa "njengabagwebi abashaya indlwabu," okusho ukuthi bashaya indlwabu (imvamisa ngokusebenzisa i-porn) ihora elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ngosuku, noma ngaphezulu kwamahora angu-7 ngeviki. I-71% yamadoda ahlala eshaya indlwabu ezingcolile zobulili abika izinkinga zokusebenza kocansi, kanti ukubikwa kwe-33% kubambezelekile ukukhishwa kwe-ejaculation (isandulela se-ED eyenziwe ngocansi). Yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi ama-38% wamadoda asele anakho? Ucwaningo alusho, futhi ababhali bazishaye indiva izicelo eziphindaphindwayo zemininingwane. Izinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle kowesilisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile ne-libido ephansi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi la madoda awazange abuzwe ngokusebenza kwawo kwe-erectile ngaphandle kocansi. Lokhu, uma yonke imisebenzi yabo yezocansi ihilela ukushaya indlwabu ekuziphatheni kocansi, hhayi ubulili nomngane wakho, bangase bangaboni ukuthi babenomthelela we-porn. (Ngenxa yezizathu ezaziwa nguye kuphela, u-Prause usho leli phepha ngokuthi ukhonjise ukuthi kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi.)

12) Ukuphila Ngokobulili Kwabesilisa Nokubukwa Okuphindaphindiwe Ezingcolile. Inkinga Entsha? (I-2015) - Izingcaphuno:

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo kufanele bacabangele imiphumela engaba khona yokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezenzweni zokuziphatha ngokobulili, izinkinga zesilisa zobulili nezinye izimo zengqondo ezihlobene nocansi. Ezikhathini ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kubonakala sengathi kudala ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ikakhulukazi ukungakwazi komuntu ukuthola i-orgasm nomlingani wakhe. Umuntu ochitha iningi lokuphila kwakhe ngokobulili ngokushaya indlwabu ngesikhathi ebuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezithinta ubuchopho ekutheni abuyele emasimweni ayo ehlukene ngokobulili (Doidge, 2007) ukuze maduzane adinge ukuvuselela okubonakalayo ukuze afinyelele i-orgasm.

Izimpawu eziningi ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kocansi, njengesidingo sokubandakanya umlingani ekubukeni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kunzima ukuthola i-orgasm, isidingo sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze kuguquleke zibe izinkinga zobulili. Lezi zimo zobulili zingase ziqhubeke izinyanga noma iminyaka futhi zingase zibe yingqondo nangokomzimba ezihambisana nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile, nakuba kungeyona into eyenza ukungasebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu kudideka, okudala ukuhlazeka, ukuhlazeka nokuphika, amadoda amaningi enqaba ukuhlangana nochwepheshe

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zinikeza enye indlela elula ukuthola injabulo ngaphandle kokufakazela ezinye izinto ezihilelekile ekuziphatheni ngokocansi komlando wesintu. Ubuchopho buqala enye indlela yokuziphatha ngokobulili okungabandakanyi "omunye umuntu wangempela" kusukela ku-equation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile esikhathini eside kwenza amadoda angenele ubunzima ekutholeni ukulungiswa phambi kozakwethu.

13) Imiphumela yezinto ezicacile zocansi ezisetshenziselwa ubudlelwane bomdanso obunothando (i-2016) - Njengazo zonke izifundo eziningi, abasebenzisi bezithombe ezizimele basho ubudlelwane obuhluphekile nokwaneliseka ngokocansi. Ukusebenzisa i- Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili (PCES), ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuphezulu kwakuhlobene nomsebenzi ocansini ompofu, izinkinga ezengeziwe zocansi, kanye "nokuphila okubi kakhulu kocansi." Ingcaphuno echaza ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-PCES "Imiphumela Emibi" emibuzweni ye- "Life Life" nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kocansi:

Kwakungekho ukungafani okuphawulekayo kwe-Negative Effect Dimension PCES kuwo wonke umvuthwandaba wokusetshenziswa okubonakalayo ngokobulili; Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona ukungafani okuphawulekayo kwi-Sex Life subscale lapho abasebenzisi be-High Frequency Porn babika imiphumela embi kakhulu kunabasebenzisi be-Low Frequency Porn.

14) Isimo esithintekayo sokuzikhukhumeza nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Neural ezifundweni ezinezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokocansi (2016) - "Ukuziphatha Kwezocansi Okuphoqelekile" (CSB) kusho ukuthi la madoda ayeyimilutha yezocansi, ngoba izifundo ze-CSB zilinganisela cishe amahora angama-20 wokusetshenziswa kocansi ngeviki. Izilawuli zilinganiselwe imizuzu engama-29 ngesonto. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izihloko ezi-3 kwezingu-20 ze-CSB ezishiwo kwababuza imibuzo ukuthi bahlushwa "yi-orgasmic-erection disorder," kanti azikho kulezi zihloko ezilawulayo ezibike izinkinga zocansi.

15) Ukwakhiwa kobuchopho nokuxhumana okusebenzayo Okuhlangene Nezingcolile Ukusetshenziswa: I-Brain on Porn (2014) - Lolu cwaningo lweMax Planck luthole izinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nezidakamizwa ezi-3 ezihambisana nenani le-porn elisetshenzisiwe. Iphinde yathola ukuthi i-porn ethe xaxa idle umvuzo omncane womsebenzi wesifunda ekuphenduleni ukuvezwa okufushane (.530 kwesibili) ku-vanilla porn. Ku-athikili ka-2014 ehola umbhali USimone Kühn uthe:

Sicabanga ukuthi izihloko ezinezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ezingcolile zidinga ukukhuthazwa okwandayo ukuze zithole isilinganiso esifanayo somvuzo. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokweqile kudonsa uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo. Lokho kungafanelana ngokuphelele ne-hypothesis ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zomvuzo zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo.

Incazelo ethe xaxa yezobuchwepheshe yalolu cwaningo kusuka ekubuyekezweni kwezincwadi zikaKuhn & Gallinat - Isisekelo se-Neurobiological of Hysexsexality (2016):

Amahora amaningi abahlanganyeli abike ukuthi badla izithombe ezingcolile, incane impendulo ye-BOLD kwesifaki se-leftamen ekuphenduleni izithombe zobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sithole ukuthi amahora amaningi asetshenziselwe ukubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ahlotshaniswa nomthamo omncane wegrey emgqeni we-striatum, ngokucophelela ku-caudate esifanele ukungena ku-ventral putamen. Siyicabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bezakhi zobungcweti bungabonakalisa imiphumela yokubekezelelana ngemuva kokungafuni ukuxhaswa ngokocansi.

16) Isifiso socansi, hhayi ubulili obufanayo, sihlobene Nezimpendulo Ze-Neurophysiological Ezihlotshiswe Izithombe Zezocansi (2013) - Lesi sifundo se-EEG senziwa kumaphephandaba njengobufakazi ngokumelene ukutholakala komlutha wezocansi. Akunjalo. Ngokuhambisana nocwaningo lwe-Cambridge University lokuhlola ubuchopho, lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG lubike ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kwe-porn ehambisana ne- Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili obuhlukanisiwe. Ukubeka enye indlela - abantu abanokusebenzisa okuningi kobuchopho kanye nezifiso ze-porn bangathanda ukushaya indlwabu ocansini kunokuya ocansini nomuntu wangempela. Ngokumangazayo, okhulumela ucwaningo uPrause wathi abasebenzisi be-porn babene "libido ephezulu," kepha imiphumela yocwaningo ithi okuphambene ngqo (isifiso sabo sokulala ngokocansi sehlile ngokuhambisana nezibonakaliso zokulutha). Amaphepha ayisithupha abuyekezwa ngontanga achaza iqiniso: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. (Bheka I-YBOP eningi ihlaziya imininingwane.)

17) Ukushintshaniswa Kwezinto Ezinhle Zesikhathi Eside Ngezithombe Zobulili Kubasebenzisi Benkinga Nokulawula Okungahambisani ne- "Porn Addiction" (2015) - Olunye ucwaningo lwe-Prause EEG, kulokhu kuqhathanisa izifundo ze-2013 kusuka esifundweni esingenhla kuya eqenjini langempela lokulawula. Imiphumela: uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli, "imilutha yezocansi" ibinayo Ngaphansi ukusabela kokukodwa kwesibili ukuvezwa kwezithombe ze-porn ye-vanilla. Umlobi ophethe uPrause uthe lezi zinkinga debunk umlutha wezocansi. Noma kunjalo, lezi zithole zihambelana ngokuphelele UKühn noGallinat (2014), Okutholile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-vanilla porn. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ababevame ukungazithandi izithombe ze-vanilla porn. Babenesithukuthezi (bejwayele noma bengenasizungu). Amaphepha ayisikhombisa abuyekezwa ngontanga ayavuma ukuthi lolu cwaningo empeleni luthole ukungafuneki noma ukujwayela (ubufakazi bokuthi kungenzeka kube umlutha) kubasebenzisi be-porn abavamile: 1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7. (Bona futhi lokhu I-YBOP enkulu ihlaziya.) Konje, esinye isifundo se-EEG futhi wathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kobulili kwabesifazane okuhambisana nokusebenza kakhudlwana kobuchopho ku-porn.

18) Ukushaya indlwabu kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile Zisebenzise Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abahlukunyezwa Ngesinye Isisu Ngesifiso Sobulili Esinciphile: Zingaki Izindleko Zokushaya Indlwabu? (I-2015) - Ukushaya indlwabu ocansini kwakuhlobene nokuncipha kwesifiso sobulili nokusondelana kobuhlobo obuphansi. Izingcaphuno:

Phakathi kwamadoda abesilisa ngokushaya indlwabu njalo, u-70% wasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okungenani kanye ngesonto. Ukuhlolwa okunamandla kubonisa ukuthi ukuxhashazwa ngokobulili, ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuvamile, nobuhlobo obuphansi obuseduze nobuhlobo obuseduze buyandisa amathuba okubika ukushaya indlwabu phakathi kwabantu abathintekayo ngokunciphisa isifiso socansi.

Phakathi kwamadoda [anesifiso socansi esinciphile] owasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okungenani kanye ngesonto [ku-2011], i-26.1% ibike ukuthi abakwazanga ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadoda angu-26.7% abike ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuphazamise kabi ubulili babo obuhlukanisiwe futhi i-21.1% ithathe ukuzama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

19) Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kulesisampula esingahleliwe emibhangqwaneni yaseNorway yangaphandle (2009) - I-Porn isebenzisa ngokuhambisana nokuhlukunyezwa okungaphezulu kobulili ekuboneni komuntu wesilisa nokungalungile kowesifazane. Imibhangqwana engazange isebenzise i-porn yayingenakho ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa ezivela esifundweni:

Emibhangqwaneni lapho umlingani oyedwa kuphela osebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, sithole izinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nokuvuthwa (owesilisa) nokubi (owesifazane) ozibonayo.

Kulawo mabhangqwana lapho umlingani oyedwa owasebenzisa khona izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakukhona isimo sezulu esivusa amandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le mibhangqwana ibonakala inezinkinga eziningi.

Izithandani ezingazisebenzisanga izithombe zobulili ezingcolile… zingathathwa njengezendabuko kakhulu maqondana nombono wezikripthi zocansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, bekungabonakali ukuthi banakho ukungasebenzi kahle.

Ababhangqwana bobabili babika ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bahlelwe esigxotsheni esimweni sokuthi '' Isimo sezulu esibucayi '' futhi kunoma yikuphi umuthi ongewona umsebenzi '' weDysfunctions ''.

20) Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Erectile, Ukuxhaphaza, Ne-Hypersexuality phakathi Kwamadoda Ahlanganisiwe avela emazweni amabili aseYurophu (2015) - Ucwaningo lubike ukuhlangana okuqinile phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile nezinyathelo zobungqingili. Ucwaningo lushiye idatha yokuhlanganisa phakathi kokusebenza kwe-erectile nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi, kepha kuqaphele ukuhlangana okuphawulekayo. Ingcaphuno:

Phakathi kwamadoda aseCroatia naseJalimane, ubungqingili obuhlobene nobulili buhlobene kakhulu nokuqhathaniswa nobuhlungu bezocansi kanye nezinkinga eziningi nge-erectile function.

21) Ukuhlola oku-inthanethi koMuntu, izimo zengqondo, nokuziphatha kobulili Okuhlanganiswe nokuziphatha kobulili obuzimele (2015) - I-Survey yabika isihloko esivamile esitholakala kwezinye izifundo eziningana ezibalulwe lapha: Abasebenzisi bezithombe eziphuthumayo babika ukukhuphuka okukhulu (izifiso ezihlobene nokulutha kwabo) kuhlangene nomsebenzi ohlukumezayo wobulili (ukwesaba kokuthola ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile).

Ukuziphatha "kwe-Hypersexual" kubonisa ukwehluleka okubonakalayo ukulawula ukuziphatha komuntu ngokocansi. Ukuphenya ngokuziphatha kwe-hypersexual, isampula yamazwe angama-510 abesilisa nabesifazane abazibiza ngabesilisa nabesifazane, bagcwalise ibhethri lemibuzo engaziwa nge-inthanethi.

Ngakho-ke, idatha ibonise ukuthi ukuziphatha kobulili obucansi kuyinto evamile kubantu besilisa, nalabo ababika ukuthi baneminyaka yobudala, bajabule kalula ngokocansi, banqatshelwe ngokweqile ngenxa yesisindo sokuhluleka ukusebenza, ukuvinjelwa ngokweqile ngokobulili ngenxa yokwesatshiswa kwemiphumela yokusebenza, futhi okungaqondakali, ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka

22) Ucwaningo lubona ukuxhumanisa phakathi kocansi nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (2017) - Okutholakele ocwaningweni oluzayo okwethulwe emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke we-American Urological Association. Izingcaphuno ezimbalwa:

Izinsizwa ezithanda izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunokuhlangana kocansi emhlabeni wangempela zingazithola zibhajwe ogibeni, zingakwazi ukwenza ucansi nabanye abantu lapho ithuba livela, kubika isifundo esisha. Abesilisa abayimilutha yezocansi banamathuba amaningi okuthi bahlupheke ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile futhi mancane amathuba okuthi baneliseke ngokuya ocansini, ngokusho kokutholakele kocwaningo okwethulwe ngoLwesihlanu emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke weAmerican Urological Association, eBoston.

"Amanani wezimbangela eziphilayo ze-erectile ukungasebenzi kule nkathi yobudala aphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukwanda kwe-erectile ukungasebenzi komsebenzi esikubonile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaleli qembu kudinga ukuchazwa," kusho uKhristman. "Sikholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungase kube ingxenye eyodwa kuleyo puzzles".

23) Izindlela zokusebenzisana phakathi kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi (2017) - Ngenkathi ixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi ukunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, ibike nokuthi imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kocansi ihlobene nokuthandayo (noma isidingo?) Se-porn ngaphezulu kwabalingani bezocansi ukufeza ukuvuswa kocansi. Ingcaphuno:

Okokugcina, sithole ukuthi ukuvama kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene ngokuqondile nesithandwa esihlotsheni sezocansi kunokuba kunesifiso sobulili obuhlanganisiwe. Abahlanganyeli esifundweni samanje baqede kakhulu izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zokushaya indlwabu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu okutholayo kungabonakalisa umphumela wokumiswa kwezidakamizwa (Cline, 1994; Malamuth, 1981; Wright, 2011). Ngokuvamile izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziyasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuvusa ukushaya indlwabu, lapho umuntu engase abe nesimo se-pornography ngokungafani neminye imithombo yokuvusa ucansi.

24) "Ngicabanga ukuthi bekuyithonya elibi ngezindlela eziningi kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo angikwazi ukuyeka ukuyisebenzisa": Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezizimele zisebenzisa phakathi kwesampula yabase-Australia abasha (i-2017) - Ucwaningo oluku-inthanethi lwabantu base-Australia, abaneminyaka engu-15-29. Labo abake babuka izithombe zocansi (n = 856) babuzwa embuzweni ovulekile: 'Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziyithonye kanjani impilo yakho?'

Phakathi kwababambiqhaza abaphendule embuzweni ovulekile (n = 718), ukusetshenziselwa inkinga kubonakala ngabakhompendulo be-88. Abahlanganyeli abesilisa ababika ukusetshenziswa okunenkinga kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile bagcizelela imiphumela ezindaweni ezintathu: emsebenzini wocansi, ukuvusa kanye nobuhlobo. Izimpendulo zihlanganisa "Ngicabanga ukuthi bekuyithonya elibi ngezindlela eziningi kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo angikwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa" (Male, Aged 18-19). Abanye ababambe iqhaza besifazane nabo babike ukusetshenziselwa inkinga, futhi eziningi zazo zibika imizwa emibi njengenecala nehlazo, kuthinta isifiso socansi kanye neziphopho eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwazo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Isibonelo njengomunye wesifazane ohlanganyele ophakanyisiwe; "Kungenza ngizizwe nginecala, futhi ngizama ukuyeka. Angithandi ukuthi ngizizwa kanjani ukuthi ngiyidinga ukuze ngihambe, akusiyo enempilo. "(Owesilisa, okhulile 18-19)

25) Ukufunda okuchaza izifundo ezizayo - nguprofesa we-Urology uCarlos Foresta, umongameli we-Italy Society of Pathophysiologyology - Isifundo siqukethe imiphumela yezifundo ze-longitudinal kanye ne-cross-sectional. Olunye ucwaningo lwalubandakanya ucwaningo lwentsha yesikole samabanga aphezulu (amakhasi 52-53). Ucwaningo lubike ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi kuphindwe kabili phakathi kuka-2005 no-2013, ngesifiso sobulili esiphansi sikhula ngama-600%.

  • Iphesenti labasha abathinteka ukushintsha kobulili babo: 2004 / 05: 7.2%, 2012 / 13: 14.5%
  • Iphesenti lentsha enesifiso sobulili esiphansi: 2004/05: 1.7%, 2012/13: 10.3% (lokho kukhuphuka okungu-600% eminyakeni eyi-8)

UForesta uphinde achaze ucwaningo oluzayo, “Imithombo yezocansi kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zesampula zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi Isampula se-125 esilisa, iminyaka engu-19-25”(Igama lesiNtaliyane -“Sessualità mediatica e nuove form di patologia sessuale Campione 125 giovani maschi“). Imiphumela evela ocwaningweni (amakhasi 77-78), ebesebenzisa i- I-International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire, bathole ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn abavamile bahola i-50% ephansi kusizinda sesifiso sobulili kanye ne-30% engaphansi kwesizinda esisebenzayo se-erectile.

26) (akubukezelwa ontanga) Nakhu okulandelayo isihloko mayelana nokuhlaziywa okubanzi kwamazwana kanye nemibuzo ethunyelwe ku-MedHelp ngokuphathelene nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. Okushaqisayo ukuthi i-58% yamadoda abacela usizo yi-24 noma encane. Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izithombe ze-intanethi zingabandakanyeka njengoba kuchazwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo -

Inkulumo ejwayelekile kunazo zonke i-"erectile dysfunction" - okukhulunywa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesithathu njenganoma imuphi omunye umusho - olandelwa "i-intanethi," "ukukhathazeka," nokubukela i-porn.

Ngokusobala, i-porn iyinhloko evame ukuxoxwa ngayo: "Ngiye ngibheka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi njalo (4 izikhathi ezingu-5 ngesonto) eminyakeni eyedlule ye-6," kusho omunye umuntu. "Ngisemkhatsini we-20 futhi nginenkinga yokuthola nokulondoloza ukusebenzisana nabalingani bobulili kusukela ngisanda kufika eminyakeni eyishumi ubudala lapho ngiqala ukubheka izithombe ze-intanethi."

SLIDE 25

Njengoba uDkt Foresta esho, “Kuqala ngokusabela okuncane kumasayithi we-porn. Bese kuba nokwehla okujwayelekile kwe-libido, futhi ekugcineni kube nzima ukuthola ukwakheka. ”

I-3 ithatha-aways kusuka kulokhu:

  1. Okokuqala, i-Foresta ichaza inqubo yokuqeda umlutha we-classic: ukuhlaziya kancane kancane kwesifunda somvuzo.
  2. Okwesibili, i-porn ye-intanethi ihluke ngendlela efanele Playboy. Ukusakazeka, ED osemusha akukaze kubonwe ngaphambili.
  3. Ekugcineni, i-ED ivame ukuphela kwesibonakaliso esenza ukuthi laba bantu babhekane nabo. Umbuzo uthi, "Yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonakali kahle ezingekho?" Iningi alikutholi lokho kuze kube ngemuva kokuyeka.

-Nangu umfana oneminyaka engamashumi amabili

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

UDkt. Carlo Foresta ungumprofesa we-urology, osanda kuvela uMongameli we-Italy Society of Pathophysiologyology, kanye nomlobi wezifundo ezithile ze-300. Izihloko ezilandelayo zisekela izitatimende ezingenhla:

Futhi, okutholwe nguDkt Foresta kuhambelana nodokotela wezifo zengqondo uNorman Doidge's 2007 othengisa kakhulu Ubuchopho Obushintshayo, okwakuchaza ukubekezela (ukungafuni ukukhetha) kanye nokwanda kwe-ED yentsha. Ingcaphuno efanele ephuma esahlukweni 5:

Izinguquko engizibonile azigcini kubantu abambalwa ekwelashweni. Ukushintsha komphakathi kuyenzeka. Yize kuvame ukuba nzima ukuthola imininingwane mayelana nezimpawu zobulili ezizimele, lokhu akunjalo ngezithombe zocansi namuhla, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuya ngokuya komphakathi. Lolu shintsho luhambisana noshintsho kusuka ekubizeni "ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile" kuya egameni elijwayelekile elithi "porn." Ngencwadi yakhe ngempilo yasekolishi laseMelika, NginguCharlotte Simmons, UTom Wolfe uchithe iminyaka eminingana ebuka abafundi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme zaseyunivesithi. Encwadini eyodwa yomfana, u-Ivy Peters, ungena lapho kuhlala khona abesilisa bese ethi, "Ukhona umuntu owathola izithombe zocansi?"

UWolfe uqhubeka athi, “Lesi bekungeyona isicelo esingajwayelekile. Abafana abaningi babekhuluma ngokusobala ngendlela abashaya ngayo indlwabu okungenani kanye ngosuku, njengokungathi lokhu kuwukugcina ngokuhlakanipha uhlelo lobungqingili. ” Omunye wabafana utshela u-Ivy Peters, “Zama isitezi sesithathu. Bathola omagazini besandla esisodwa phezulu lapho. ” Kepha uPeters uyaphendula, “Ngakhe i- ukubekezelelana komagazini… ngidinga amavidiyo. ” Omunye umfana uthi, “O, f'r Chrissake, IP, yihora leshumi ebusuku. Ngelinye ihora izilahla ze-cum zizoqala ukuza lapha ukuzochitha ubusuku ... Futhi ufuna ama-porn nama-knuckle fuck. ” Ngemuva kwalokho u-Ivy “wahlikihla wavula izintende zezandla kwangathi uthi, 'Ngifuna i-porn. Yini inkinga enkulu? '”

Into enkulu kakhulu ukubekezelelana. Uyabona ukuthi ufana nomlutha wezidakamizwa ongasakwazi ukuphakama ezithombeni ezake zamvula. Futhi ingozi ukuthi lokhu kubekezelelana kuzodlulela ebudlelwaneni, njengoba kwenzeka ezigulini engangizibona, okuholela ezinkingeni zamandla nakokusha, kwesinye isikhathi okungathandeki. Lapho abathwebuli bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile beziqhayisa ngokuthi bacindezela imvilophu ngokwethula izingqikithi ezintsha, ezinzima, abangakusho ukuthi kufanele, ngoba amakhasimende abo akha ukubekezelela okuqukethwe. Amakhasi angemuva omagazini abawubungozi besilisa nezingosi ze-Internet ze-Internet agcwele izikhangiso zemithi yohlobo lwe-Viagra — umuthi owenzelwe amadoda amadala anezinkinga ze-erectile ezihlobene nokuguga nemithambo yegazi evinjiwe ethweni lobudoda. Namuhla izinsizwa ezishaya izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zikwesaba kakhulu ukungabi namandla, noma "ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile" njengoba kubizwa ngendlela ehloniphekile. Igama elidukisayo lisho ukuthi la madoda anenkinga ezithweni zabo zobulili, kepha inkinga isemakhanda abo, emabalazweni abo obuchopho bobulili. Umthondo usebenza kahle uma besebenzisa izithombe zocansi. Kuyaqabukela kwenzeka kubo ukuthi kungahle kube nobudlelwano phakathi kwezithombe zocansi abazisebenzisayo namandla abo. (Kodwa-ke amadoda ambalwa, achaza ngokusobala amahora abo kumasayithi e-porn njengamakhompyutha njengesikhathi esichithwe "ukushaya indlwabu ubuchopho.")

Njengoba kuchazwe kwi-Slide 23 YBOP iqoqe imibiko ethile ye-5,000 lapho amadoda (nabesifazane abambalwa) beqedile ukusetshenziswa kobulili nokuphulukisa okungavamile kocansi.

Izinkundla zokuthola kabusha i-Porn - Izigaba ezinikelwe ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi:

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Lesi sigaba "esibuyekeziwe" sibheka izimangalo ezimbili ezivela kuSilayidi 25

  1. Ukwehliswa kwemvelo noma ukujwayela kudlala indima ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kocansi (ukubekezelelana - inqubo ehlobene nokulutha umlutha).
  2. Kuye kwaba nokunyuka okungakaze kwenzeke ekusebenziseni okuncane kwentsha erectile (ngokomlando, amazinga ED emadodeni amasha aye aphansi kakhulu).

Ukuzihlaziya (ukuhlala) kubonakala sengathi kudlala indima ekuhlukunyezweni kocansi okubangelwa ucansi nokukhula kwesisindo se-porn (ukubekezela).

Esikhathini esedlule slayida izingcaphuno ezivela Park et al., 2016 unikeze ukusekelwa kwesimangalo sokuthi "ukungafuneki kwesekethe yomvuzo" kudlala indima ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Ukwehliswa kwesithunzi noma ukujwayela kushiya lowo muntu kancane ukuzwela injabulo, futhi ngokuvamile ibonisa ukubekezelelana, okuyinto isidingo sezinga eliphakeme noma ukugqugquzela okukhulu ukufeza impendulo efanayo. Lena inqubo yokulutha umlutha. Ukuzihlaziyalaza kungathatha isimo sokukhula kwezinhlobo ezintsha, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima futhi kungahambi, noma kuphazamise. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukushaqeka, ukumangala noma ukukhathazeka konke kungakhulisa i-dopamine futhi kuphume ukuvuvukala ngokocansi.

Nayi i-2017 ubufakazi obuvela ku-PornHub ukuthi ucansi lwangempela luyathandeka ngokuncishisiwe kubasebenzisi be-porn. I-Porn ayenzi abantu bakwazi ukuthola okuthandwa yibo “kwangempela”; kubashayela kudlulele kokujwayelekile kunemikhuba eyeqisayo nezinhlobo “ezingezona ezingokoqobo”:

Kubonakala sengathi ukuthambekela kuhamba kakhulu ekubhekaneni nenganekwane kuneqiniso. Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili 'ezijwayelekile' zithathelwa indawo yizigcawu ezithile ezicatshangelwayo noma izimo ezithile. Ingabe lokhu kubangelwa isithukuthezi noma ilukuluku? Yinye into eqinisekile; 'ukuphuma, ukuphuma' okujwayelekile akusenelisi izixuku, okusobala ukuthi zifuna okuhlukile ”kuphawula uDkt Laurie Betito.

Njengama-2017 izifundo eziyisithupha zezinkanyezi ziye zachaza ukungafuneki noma ukujwayela okwenzeka kubasebenzisi be-porn abasebenzisi be-intanethi:

1) "Ukwakheka kobuchopho nokuxhumana okusebenzayo okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kocansi. Ubuchopho ku-Porn" (UKuhn noGallinat, 2014) - Lolu cwaningo lweMax Planck Institute fMRI luthole udaba oluncane kohlelo lokuvuza (i-dorsal striatum) ehambisana nenani le-porn elidliwe. Iphinde yathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kokuvuselelwa kwesifunda ngenkathi kubukwa kafushane izithombe zocansi. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi okutholakele kwabo kukhombise ukungafuneki, futhi nokubekezelelana, okuyisidingo sokukhuthaza okukhulu ukufeza ileveli efanayo yokuvuka. Umbhali oholayo uSimone Kühn uthe okulandelayo mayelana nesifundo sakhe:

Lokho kungasho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokweqile kudonsa uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo. Sicabanga ukuthi izihloko ezinezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ezingcolile zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo ukuthola inani elifanayo lomvuzo. Lokho kungafanelana ngokuphelele ne-hypothesis ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zomvuzo zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoMeyi, 2016. UKuhn noGallinat bashicilele lokhu kubuyekeza: Isisekelo se-Neurobiological of Hysex. Ekubuyekezweni uKuhn & Gallinat bachaza ucwaningo lwabo lwe-fMRI luka-2014:

Ocwaningweni lwakamuva olwenziwe yiqembu lethu, saqasha ababambiqhaza besilisa abanempilo futhi sahlanganisa amahora abo abazibika wona achithwa ngezinto ezingcolile nezimpendulo zabo ze-fMRI ezithombeni zocansi kanye ne-morphology yabo yobuchopho (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014). Isikhathi esithe xaxa ababambiqhaza babika ukudla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kuncane ukuphendula kwe-BOLD kuma-putamen angakwesokunxele ekuphenduleni izithombe zocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sithole ukuthi amahora amaningi asetshenzisiwe ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa nevolumu elincane elimpunga ku-striatum, ngokuqonde ngqo ku-caudate efanele efinyelela ku-ventral putamen. Sicabanga ukuthi ukusilela kwevolumu yokwakheka kobuchopho kungakhombisa imiphumela yokubekezelelana ngemuva kokungafuneki kwezisusa zocansi.

I-2) "Intsha, isimo sokubheka kanye nokukhathalela ukunakekelwa kocansi”(2015). Ucwaningo lwe-fMRI lwaseCambridge University lubike ukujwayela okukhulu kwizenzo zocansi kubasebenzisi be-porn abacindezelayo. Ingcaphuno:

Ama-stimuli ecacile e-inthanethi amaningi futhi akhula, futhi lesi sici singase sikhuthaze ukukhula kwesisetshenziswa kwabanye abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, abesilisa abanempilo ababuka ngokuphindaphindiwe ifilimu ecacile efanayo bathole ukuthi bajwayele ukuvuselela futhi bathole ukukhushulwa okucacile njengokuvusa kancane kancane ngokocansi, okunciphisa kancane nokunciphisa kancane (Koukounas and Over, 2000). ... Sibonisa ngokulinganayo lokho okubonwayo emtholampilo ukuthi ukuziphatha kocansi okucindezelayo kubonakala ngokufuna izinto ezintsha, isimo sengqondo kanye nokujwayela ukwenza ucansi emadodeni.

Kusuka ku-Press Related Release:

Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kwakungenzeka kakhulu ukukhetha inoveli phezu kokukhethwa okujwayelekile kwezithombe zocansi ezihlobene nezithombe ezingahambisani nendawo, kuyilapho izisebenzi zokuvolontiya ezinempilo zikwazi ukukhetha ukhetho lomdlalo wezithombe zesifazane ezingathathi hlangothi ezihlobene nezithombe zento engathathi hlangothi.

"Sonke singahlobana ngandlela thile nokusesha izisusa zenoveli ku-inthanethi - kungaba ukushayisana kusuka kuwebhusayithi yezindaba eyodwa kuya kwenye, noma ukweqa usuka ku-Facebook uye ku-Amazon uye ku-YouTube kuqhubeke," kuchaza uDkt Voon. "Kodwa kubantu abakhombisa ukuziphatha ngocansi okuphoqelela, lokhu kuba yindlela yokuziphatha engaphezu kwamandla abo, egxile ezithombeni ezingcolile."

Kumsebenzi wesibili, amavolontiya akhonjiswa ngababili bezithombe - owesifazane ongagqokile nebhokisi elimpunga elingathathi hlangothi - zombili zazimbozwe emaphethini ahlukile angaqondakali. Bafunde ukuhlobanisa lezi zithombe ezingabonakali nezithombe, ngokufana nokuthi izinja zesilingo esidumile sikaPavlov zafunda kanjani ukuhlanganisa insimbi ekhalayo nokudla. Babe sebebuzwa ukuthi bakhethe phakathi kwalezi zithombe ezingabonakali kanye nesithombe esisha esingaqondakali.

Ngalesi sikhathi, abacwaningi bakhombise ukuthi imilutha yezocansi lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ikhethe izinkomba (kulokhu izindlela ezingaqondakali) ezihambisana nemivuzo yezocansi neyemali. Lokhu kusekela umbono wokuthi imikhondo ebonakala ingenabungozi endaweni yokulutha ingabenza ukuthi bafune izithombe zocansi.

"Izinkomba zingaba lula njengokuvula isiphequluli sabo se-inthanethi," kuchaza uDkt Voon. “Bangadala uchungechunge lwezenzo futhi ngaphambi kokuba bazi, umlutha ubheka izithombe ezingcolile. Ukwephula ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zinkomba nokuziphatha kungaba yinselele enkulu. ”

Abacwaningi benza olunye uhlolo lapho izidakamizwa ze-20 zobulili kanye ne-20 ezifanelana nezivolontiya ezinempilo zithola ukuhlolwa kobuchopho ngenkathi kuboniswa uchungechunge lwezithombe eziphindaphindiwe - owesifazane ongenqanyuliwe, imali ye-£ 1 noma ibhokisi elingenalo i-gray.

Bathola ukuthi uma izidakamizwa zobulili zibuka isithombe esifanayo socansi ngokuphindaphindiwe, uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo abhekana nokwehla okukhulu komsebenzi esifundeni sobuchopho owaziwa ngokuthi i-rorsal anterior cingulate cortex, eyaziwa ukuthi ihileleke ekulindeni imivuzo nokuphendula izenzakalo ezintsha. Lokhu kuhambisana 'nokujwayela', lapho umlutha uthola khona ukuvuselela okufanayo okuncane kakhulu - isibonelo, isiphuzo sekhofi singathola i-caffeine 'buzz' esitokisini sawo sokuqala, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baphuza kakhulu ikhofi, amancane buzz iba.

Lokhu kusebenza okufanayo kwendabuko kwenzeka emadodeni enempilo aboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ividiyo efanayo ye-porn. Kodwa uma bebuka ividiyo entsha, izinga lesithakazelo nokuvusa libuyela ezingeni langempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ukuvimbela ukujwayela, umlutha wezocansi uzodinga ukufundwa njalo kwezithombe ezintsha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukujwayela kungase kuqhubekele ukucinga izithombe zeveli.

"Izinto esizifunayo zisebenza ngokukhethekile emlandweni wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili," kusho uDkt. Voon. "Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela ukubheja ngokocansi endaweni yokuqala futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bajwayele ukubheja ngokweqile kunabanye, kodwa ukubonakala okungapheli kwezithombe zocansi ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi kusiza ukondla umlutha wabo, okwenze kube ngaphezulu futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubaleka. "

3) Ukushintshashintsha kwamathuba amahle okwenziwa sekwedlule isikhathi ngezithombe zocansi kubasebenzisi bezinkinga nezilawuli ezingahambelani "nokulutha kwezocansi (Prause et al., 2015.) Imiphumela: uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli "abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kocansi" babe nakho aphansi izimpendulo zobuchopho ekuvezweni komzuzwana owodwa ezithombeni ze-vanilla porn. Umbhali oholayo uPrause uthi le miphumela "ilutha umlutha wezocansi." Uma ukusetshenziswa kocansi akunamthelela ku UPrause et al's. izihloko, singalindela ukuthi izilawuli nabasebenzisi be-porn abavamile babe ne-LPP yamaplitude afanayo ekuphenduleni izithombe zocansi. Esikhundleni salokho, abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile abavamile babenakho Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho (i-LPP ephansi). Empeleni, okutholakele Prause et al. I-2015 ihambisane ngokuphelele UKühn noGallinat (2014), okutholile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ngaphezulu kunamathele ekusebenziseni ubuchopho obuncane ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-pornan vanilla (ubufakazi obuhambisana nenqubo yokulutha umlutha).

Ukutholwa kukaPrause kuhambisana futhi Banca et al. 2015, okuyi- #2 ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isifundo se-EEG ithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okukhulu kwabesifazane kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho ku-porn. Ukufundwa okuphansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi izifundo azinaki kangako izithombe. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ababevame ukungazithandi izithombe ze-vanilla porn. Babenesithukuthezi (bejwayele noma bengenasizungu). Amaphepha ayisikhombisa abuyekezwa ngontanga avumelana nalokhu ukuhlaziywa okubanzi ukuthi i-Prause empeleni itholakale ukuhlambalaza / ukujwayele kubasebenzisi be-porn abavamile: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

4) Izinyathelo Eziqaphelayo Nezingezona Zenhliziyo Yokuzizwa: Ingabe Ziyakhathaza Ngokuvame Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingcolile? (I-2017) - Ucwaningo luhlolisise izimpendulo zomsebenzisi we-porn (ukufundwa kwe-EEG & Impendulo ye-Startle) ezithombeni ezahlukahlukene ezikhuthaza imizwelo - kufaka phakathi i-erotica. Ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi okutholakele okubili kukhombisa ukujwayela kwabasebenzisi be-porn abavame kakhulu. Izingcaphuno:

I-4.1. Ukulinganisa okucacile

Ngokuthakazelisayo, iqembu eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile lilinganise imifanekiso engabonakali njengento engathandeki kuneqembu eliphakathi. Abalobi basikisela ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa ngenxa yemvelo "ye-soft-core" yezithombe "ezibukeka" eziqukethwe ku-database ye-IAPS hhayi ukuhlinzeka izinga lokuvuselela okungase lifune, njengoba liboniswe nguHarper noHodgins [58] ukuthi ngokubukwa njalo kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile, abantu abaningi bavame ukuqhubekela phambili ekubukeni izinto eziqinile ukuze balondoloze izinga elifanayo lokuvukela umzimba. Isigaba esithi "esimnandi" sinezilinganiso ze-valence yizo zonke amaqembu amathathu okufanele afane nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokusebenzisa iqembu njengezithombe njengento engavamile kakhulu kunamanye amaqembu. Lokhu kungabuye kube ngenxa yemifanekiso "enhle" evezwe engabakhuthazi ngokwanele kubantu abasebenzisa iqembu eliphezulu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukulawulwa kwemvelo ekusetshenzisweni kokuqukethwe okuphazamisayo ngenxa yemiphumela yokuhlala kubantu abavame ukufuna ukwaziswa kocansi [3, 7, 8]. Kuyizingxabano zabalobi ukuthi lo mphumela ungaba nemiphumela yemiphumela ebonwe.

I-4.3. I-Startle Reflex Ukumiswa Kwemvelo (SRM)

Isihlobo esiphezulu se-amplitude effectle ebonakalayo emaqenjini asezingeni eliphansi nokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile angachazwa yilabo abaseqembu ngokuzithandela ukugwema ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, njengoba bengase bakuthole ukuthi akubi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imiphumela etholakalayo ingase ibe ngenxa yomphumela wokuhlala, lapho abantu kula maqembu bebukela izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphezu kwalokho abakusho ngokucacile-mhlawumbe ngenxa yezizathu zokuhlazeka phakathi kwabanye, njengoba imiphumela yokujwayela iye yaboniswa ukwandisa amehlo e-lookle aphikisana nezimpendulo [41, 42].

5) Ukuhlola Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokuphoqeleka Ngokocansi nokukhathazeka Ngamazwi Ahlobene Nezocansi Eqoqweni Labantu Abasebenza Ngocansi (2017) - Lolu cwaningo luphindaphinda okutholakele kwe- lolu cwaningo lwe-2014 Cambridge University, okuqhathanisa ukubandlulula kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile ekulawuleni okunempilo. Ucwaningo luhlobanise "iminyaka yokusebenza kocansi" ne-1) izikolo zokulutha ngokocansi, kanye ne-2) imiphumela yomsebenzi wokubheka ukunakwa. Phakathi kwalabo ababheka kakhulu ukulutha kocansi, bambalwa iminyaka yokuzibandakanya ngokobulili yayihlobene okukhulu ukuchema ngokunaka. Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu kwezocansi + iminyaka embalwa yesipiliyoni sobulili = izimpawu ezinkulu zokulutha (ukubhekela okukhulu, noma ukuphazamiseka). Kepha ukubhekela ukunaka kwehla kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaphoqayo, futhi kuyanyamalala kunani eliphakeme kakhulu leminyaka lokuhlangenwe nakho kocansi. Ababhali baphethe ngokuthi lo mphumela ungakhombisa ukuthi iminyaka eminingi "yezenzo zocansi eziphoqayo" iholela ekujwayeleni okukhulu noma ekunciphiseni okujwayelekile kwempendulo yenjabulo (ukungafuneki). Ingcaphuno yesiphetho:

Enye incazelo engaba yile miphumela yukuthi njengoba umuntu ocindezelekile ngokocansi enza isenzo sokucindezela ngaphezulu, ithempulethi yokuvusa ehambisanayo iqala [36-38] nokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuziphatha okudlulele okudingekayo kudingeke ukuba kube nesimo esifanayo sokuvusa. Kuphinde kuthiwa ukuthi njengoba umuntu eziphatha ngendlela ephoqelekile, ama-neuropathways ahlaziywa eminye imicikilisho ethi 'evamile' yesithombe socansi noma izithombe nabantu ngabanye baphendukela eminye imiyalezo ethi 'eyedlulele' ukuze baqaphele ukuvusa okufisayo. Lokhu kuhambisana nomsebenzi obonisa ukuthi abesilisa 'abanempilo' bajwayele ukukhuluma ngendlela ecacile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthi le nqubo ibonakala ngokunciphisa izimpendulo zokuvusa nokuzikhukhumeza [39]. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abanye abaqashile ngokocansi, abahlanganyeli ngokocansi sebebe 'bangenalutho' noma abangenandaba namazwi 'ajwayelekile' ahlobene nocansi asetshenziselwa isifundo samanje futhi njengalokho kuboniswa kwehlisa ukunakwa, kanti labo abanomthwalo wokunyuka nokuzibonela okuncane kakhulu babonisa ukuphazamiseka ngoba le nkinga ibonisa ukuqonda okungcono kakhulu.

6) I-Neural Substrates yesifiso socansi kubantu ngabanye abanezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokweqile (2015) - Lolu cwaningo lwaseKorea lwe-fMRI luphindaphinda ezinye izifundo eziningana zezinzwa kubasebenzisi be-porn: lubike amaphethini wokwenza ubuchopho obusetshenzisiwe kanye nezinguquko kwi-prefrontal cortex ekhombisa lezo ezenzeka ezidakamizweni zezidakamizwa. Ngokuhambisana nemodeli yokulutha umlutha, imilutha yezocansi yayine-cue-reactivity enkulu yezithombe zocansi, kepha yavimbela ukusebenza kobuchopho kwezinye izinhlobo zesikhuthazo esijwayelekile. Ukuphendula okuncane kwe-neural emivuzo ejwayelekile yansuku zonke kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokungafuneki.

Kusetshenziswa izindlela nezindlela ezahlukahlukene, iqembu elihlukahlukene lezifundo ezingezona ezemizwa libike ukujwayela "i-porn ejwayelekile" kanye nokwenyuka kwezinhlobo ezeqisa futhi ezingavamile:

I-1) Lesi yisifundo sokuqala sokubuza abasebenzisi be-porn ngqo mayelana nokukhula: "Imisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi: Ucwaningo lokuhlolisisa lwemikhakha yokusetshenziswa enenkinga futhi engekho inkinga kwisampula yamadoda "(2016). Ukucwaninga kubika ukukhula, njengoba i-49% yamadoda ibikile ukubukela izithombe ezingcolile ezingakaze zithandeke kubo ngaphambili noma ukuthi zike zibheke njengezinengiso. Ingcaphuno:

Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye okukhulunywa ngawo okungenani ngezinye izikhathi afuna okuqukethwe kocansi noma ahileleke kuma-OSA angakaze athakazelise ngaphambili noma ukuthi ayebhekwa njengento enengekayo.

Lolu cwaningo lwaseBelgium lwathola nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn okuyinkinga kwe-Intanethi kwakuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi owehlisiwe we-erectile futhi kwanciphisa ukwaneliseka okuphelele kwezocansi. Noma kunjalo abasebenzisi be-porn abanenkinga babhekana nezifiso ezinkulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-20.3% wabahlanganyeli uthe isizathu esisodwa sokusebenzisa kwabo i-porn "ukugcina ukuvuka nomlingani wami." (OSA's = online online activity, which was porn for 99% of masomo). Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo lungolokuqala ukuphenya ngqo ubudlelwano phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi nokubandakanyeka okuyinkinga kuma-OSA. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi isifiso sobulili esiphakeme, ukwaneliseka okuphansi kocansi, nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile kuhlotshaniswa nama-OSA anenkinga (imisebenzi yezocansi online). Le miphumela ingaxhunyaniswa naleyo yezifundo zangaphambilini ezibika izinga eliphakeme lokuvuka ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zokulutha ngokocansi (IBancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).

I-2) Ucwaningo lwe-2017 lucele abasebenzisi be-porn ngqo mayelana nokubekezela kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxisa: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zobulili Ezingcolile (PPCS) (2017) - Leli phepha lakha futhi lahlola i-questionnaire yokusebenzisa inkinga ye-porn eyayihlolisiswa ngemuva kwemibuzo yemibuzo yokulutha izidakamizwa. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile, le mibuzo enezinto eziyi-18 ihlolisise ukubekezelelana nokuhoxa ngale mibuzo elandelayo engu-6:

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Umbuzo ngamunye utholwe kusukela kokukodwa kuye kweziyisikhombisa esikalini se-Likert: 1- Akukaze, 2- Ngokuvamile, 3- Ngezikhathi ezithile, 4- Kwesinye isikhathi, 5- Ngokuvamile, 6- Ngokuvamile, 7- Ngaso sonke isikhathi. Igrafu engezansi ihlukanise abasebenzisi be-porn ngezigaba ezi-3 ngokuya ngezikolo zabo eziphelele: "Okungenankinga," "Ubungozi obuphansi," kanye "Nobungozi." Umugqa ophuzi awukhombisi zinkinga, okusho ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn "Ababungozi obuncane" futhi "Abasengozini" babike ukubekezelelana nokuhoxa. Kalula nje, kokubili ukukhuphuka (ukubekezelelana) nokuhoxa kubikwa abanye abasebenzisi be-porn.

3) Imodeli Yokulawulwa Okubili: Indima Yokuvimbela Ngokocansi Nokuthokozisa Ekuvusweni Kwezocansi Nokuziphatha, 2007. I-Indiana University Press, Umhleli: Erick Janssen, iphe.197-222.  Ekuhlolweni kokusebenzisa i-video ye-porn, ama-50% wezinsizwa awakwazanga ukuvuswa noma ukufeza ama-erections nge-porn (iminyaka yobudala bekuyi-29). Abaphenyi abathukile bathola ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwamadoda kwakungu,

 ehlobene namazinga aphezulu okuvezwa nokuzwa ngezici zobulili ezicacile.

Amadoda abhekene nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile ayechitha isikhathi esiningi emiphongolweni nasezindlini zokugezela lapho i-porn "yayikhona khona," futhi "idlala ngokuqhubekayo." Abacwaningi bathi:

Izingxoxo nezihloko zaqinisa umqondo wethu wokuthi kwezinye zazo ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-eerotica kubonakala sengathi kuye kwaholela ekuthwalweni okuphansi kwe "vanilla sex" i-eerotica kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezintsha nezokushintshashintsha, kwezinye izimo zihlangene nesidingo sokucacisa kakhulu izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuvusa ukuze zivuswe.

4) Ukusetshenziswa okungekho kokulawula kwe-intanethi ngezinhloso zocansi njengokulutha kokuziphatha? Ucwaningo oluzayo (olwethulwe engqungqutheleni yesi-4 Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokuluthwa Kokuziphatha, ngoFebhuwari 20-22, 2017) nalo libuze ngqo ngokubekezelelana nokuhoxa. Ithole bobabili "abayimilutha yezocansi".

U-Anna Ševčíková, uLukas Blinka noVerkaka Soukalová

I-Masaryk University, Brno, iCzech Republic

Ingemuva futhi ihlose: Kukhona ingxabano eqhubekayo ukuthi ngabe ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokocansi kufanele kuqondwe njengendlela yokuziphatha kabi komzimba (Karila, Wéry, Weistein et al., 2014). Ucwaningo lwamanje lwekhwalithi luhlose ukuhlaziya izinga lokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwe-intanethi ngezinjongo zocansi (OUISP) kungabhalwa umqondo wokulutha ukuziphatha phakathi kwalabo bantu ababeselashwa ngenxa ye-OUISP yabo.

Izindlela: Senze izingxoxo ngokujulile nabahlanganyeli be-21 abaneminyaka engu-22-54 (Image = iminyaka engu-34.24). Ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa okuqakathekileko, izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-OUISP zahlaziywa ngemigomo yokulutha ukuziphatha, ngokugxila ngokukhethekile ekubekezeleni nasekuzikhanyeni (Griffiths, 2001).

Imiphumela: Ukuziphatha okubucayi okuyizinkinga kwakuyi-inthanethi yokulawula izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (OOPU). Ukwakha ukubekezelelana ku-OOPU kubonakala njengesikhathi esengeziwe esichithwa kumawebhusayithi okuzihlambalaza kanye nokufuna isisho esisha esicacile sobulili ngaphakathi kwe-spectrum engaphenduki. Izimpawu zokuhoxiswa zazibonakalisa ezingeni le-psychosomatic futhi zathatha uhlobo lokufuna izinto ezihlukile zobulili. Abahlanganyeli abayishumi nesishiyagalolunye bafezekisa zonke izinqubo zokulutha umlutha.

Iziphetho: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukusizakala kohlaka lokuziphatha umlutha

Amaphepha amathathu asikisela ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn abangenazo izithakazelo ze-pedophilic bangase baqhubekele ekubukeni izithombe ezingcolile ezinganeni.

5) Okokuqala ukubuyekezwa empeleni ngumhlengikazi we-UK): Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ne-pedophilia (i-2013). Ingcaphuno:

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwemitholampilo kanye nobufakazi bokucwaninga manje buqoqa ukukhombisa ukuthi i-Intanethi ayigcini nje ukunakekelwa kulabo abanentshisekelo ye-paedophilic ekhona, kodwa kubangele ukukhamuluka kwalezo zintando kubantu abangenaso isifiso socansi ngaphambi kwezingane.

Izifundo ezimbili ezilandelayo zathola ukuthi okungekho (okungukuthi, isilwane noma ubuncane) abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babenesiqalo esincane kakhulu omdala ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Ngokumane nje, kokubili izifundo zixhumanisa ekuqaleni kokusetshenziswa kocansi kwabantu abadala ukuze kuqhubekele izinto ezimbi kakhulu.

6) Ngabe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziphambukayo kulandela ukuqhubekela phambili okufana nokukaGuttman? ” (2013). Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela iphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okungahambi kahle kulandela ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-Guttman ekuthi abantu abaneminyaka "encane yokuqala" yokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile babevame ukuhlanganyela ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (isilwane noma ingane) uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo "abaneminyaka yokuqala" .

I-7) "Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisebenzayo Sebenzisa: Indima Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zabantu Abaqala Ngaphambi Kokusetshenziswa Sebenzisa kanye no-Individual Differences "(2016). Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi abasebenzisi abadala bezithombe ezingcolile bezithombe ezingcolile bazuze kakhulu ukuvuleka ukuzwa futhi babika iminyaka emincane kakhulu yokuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziqhathaniswa nabantu abadala.

8) Ukuhlola umphumela wezinto ezicacile ngokocansi ezinkolelweni zobulili, ukuqonda kanye nemikhuba yabasilisa abasha: Ucwaningo olunembile. Imibiko yokutadisha ehambisana nekhwalithi yokukhula kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ingcaphuno:

Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi izingqikithi ezisemqoka yilezi: amazinga akhuphukile okutholakala kwe-SEM, kufaka phakathi ukukhuphuka kokuqukethwe okwedlulele (Yonke Indawo Obheka kuyo) ebonwa izinsizwa ezikulesi sifundo njengezinemiphumela engemihle kuzimo zokuziphatha kocansi nokuziphatha (Lokho Akukuhle). Imfundo yomndeni noma yezocansi inganikeza 'ukuvikelwa' (ama-Buffers) athile kuzinkambiso abantu abasha abazibona ku-SEM. Idatha iphakamisa ukubukwa okudidekile (amavesi wangempela amafantasy) azungeze okulindelwe yintsha yempilo yezocansi enempilo (Impilo Yezocansi Enempilo) kanye nezinkolelo ezifanele nokuziphatha (Ukwazi Ilungelo kokungalungile). Kuchazwa indlela engaba yimbangela futhi izindawo zokungenelela zigqanyisiwe.

10) Umkhuba ongavamile we-masturbatory njengento etiological ekuxilongweni kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kumadoda amasha (2014). Esinye sezifundo zamacala e-4 kuleli phepha libika ngendoda enezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi (i-libido ephansi, ama-fetish amaningi e-porn, i-anorgasmia). Ukungenelela ngokocansi kudinga ukuthi kuvalwe amasonto ayisithupha ku-porn kanye nokushaya indlwabu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-6 le ndoda yabika ukwanda kwesifiso sobulili, ucansi oluyimpumelelo kanye ne-orgasm, futhi yajabulela "imikhuba emihle yezocansi." Izingcaphuno ezivela ephepheni elibhala ukujwayela kwesiguli nokukhuphuka kulokho akuchaze njengezinhlobo ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile:

Lapho ebuzwa ngemikhuba ye-masturbatory, wabika ukuthi esikhathini esidlule wayesebenzisa ngokushaya indlwabu ngamandla nangesikhathi ebuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusukela ebusheni. Ekuqaleni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zazihlanganisa nokuzikhohlisa, ukugqilaza, ukubuswa, ukudabuka, nokubukeka kwe-masochism, kodwa ekugcineni wajwayele lezi zinto futhi wadinga izigcawu ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, okubandakanya ubulili be-transgender, ubudlova, nobulili obudlova. Wayevame ukuthenga ama-movie angcolile angekho emthethweni ngezenzo zobulili ezinobudlova nokudlwengula nokubukisa lezo zigcawu emcabangweni wakhe wokusebenzisana ngokocansi nabesifazane. Wanciphisa kancane kancane isifiso sakhe kanye namandla akhe okucabanga futhi wehlisa imvamisa yakhe yokushaya indlwabu.

Ingcaphuno ephepheni ibhala ukutakula kwesiguli ezinkingeni zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi nezisu:

Ngokubambisana nezinhlelo zamasonto onke nomculi wezocansi, isiguli satshelwa ukuba sigweme noma yikuphi ukuvezwa okubonakalayo ngokobulili, kufaka phakathi amavidiyo, amaphephandaba, izincwadi kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-8, isiguli sabikezwa sibhekene ne-orgasm ephumelelayo kanye ne-ejaculation. Wabuye wavuselela ubuhlobo bakhe nalowo wesifazane, futhi kancane kancane waphumelela ekujabuleleni imikhuba emihle yobulili.

11)  Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016) ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwezincwadi ezihlobene nezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Igunyazwe odokotela baseMelika baseMelika, ukubuyekezwa kunikeza imininingwane yakamuva eveza ukwanda okukhulu kwezinkinga zobusha ezisencane. Iphinde ibuyekeze izifundo ze-neurological ezihlobene nokulutha kocansi nezimo zocansi nge-inthanethi ye-porn. Odokotela bafaka imibiko emithathu yomtholampilo yama-servicemen athuthukise ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Ababili kulawa ma-servicemen amathathu baphulukise ukungasebenzi kahle kwabo ngokocansi ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kocansi ngenkathi owesithathu engakutholi ukuthuthuka okuncane njengoba engakwazanga ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Abasebenzi ababili kwabathathu babika ukujwayela i-porn yamanje nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kocansi. I-serviceman yokuqala ichaza ukujwayela kwayo ku- "porn ezithambile" kulandelwe ukukhuphuka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibonisa okusobala nezokukhulelwa:

Umsebenzi oneminyaka engu-20 osebenzayo owawufunwa yi-serviceman yaseCaucasia obhekene nezinkinga ekufinyeleleni i-orgasm ngesikhathi sokulala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Kwenzeka okokuqala ngesikhathi esethunyelwa ngaphandle kwezilwandle. Wayenecala lokushaya indlwabu isikhathi esingangehora engenayo i-orgasm, futhi ipenisi yakhe yahamba engaqondakali. Ukuhlupheka kwakhe ukugcina ukulungiswa nokufeza i-orgasm kuqhubekile kulo lonke ukuthunyelwa kwakhe. Kusukela ekubuyeni kwakhe, wayengenakukwazi ukuhlaziya ngesikhathi sokulala nomyeni wakhe. Wayengakwazi ukufeza ukulungiswa kodwa akakwazanga ukugcoba, futhi emva kwe-10-15 min wayezolahlekelwa ukulungiswa kwakhe, okwakungekhona icala ngaphambi kokuba abe ne-ED.

Isiguli esivunyelwe ukushaya indlwabu njalo "iminyaka", kanye kanye noma kabili cishe cishe nsuku zonke iminyaka embalwa edlule. Wavuma ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngokugqugquzela. Njengoba ekwazi ukufinyelela e-intanethi esheshayo, wayethembele kuphela kuyizithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Ekuqaleni, "i-porn soft", lapho okuqukethwe akubandakanyi ukulala kwangempela, "wenza iphutha". Kodwa-ke, kancane kancane wayedinga izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo noma ezithinta isisu. Ubike ukuvula amavidiyo amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ubukele izingxenye ezithinta kakhulu.

I-serviceman yesibili ichaza ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokukhuphuka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho walala nomkakhe “akusavuseleli njengakuqala”:

Umuntu oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala wase-Afrika waseMelika ujoyine i-serviceman ngeminyaka engu-17 yomsebenzi oqhubekayo osebenzayo obhekene nobunzima ekufezeni izikhathi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Ubike ukuthi lapho ezama ukulala nomkakhe, waba nenkinga ekufezeni ukulungiswa nobunzima ukulondoloza isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba abe nomzimba. Kusukela ingane yabo encane ishiya ekolishi, izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambili, wayezitholele ukushaya indlwabu kanengi ngenxa yobumfihlo obuningi. Ngaphambili wayedlala ngesonto sonke ngesonto, kodwa lokho kwanda kabili kuya kathathu ngesonto. Wayelokhu esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, kodwa lapho ejwayele ukuzisebenzisa, isikhathi eside sithatha i-orgasm ngempahla yakhe evamile. Lokhu kwaholela kuye esebenzisa ukwaziswa okuningi okucacile. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ukulala nomkakhe "kwakungashukumisi" njengangaphambili futhi ngezinye izikhathi wathola umkakhe "engeyona ekhangayo". Wenqaba ukuthi abe nalezi zindaba ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yomshado wabo. Wayenenkinga emshadweni ngoba umkakhe wayesola ukuthi wayenomshado, okwenqabela kakhulu.

12) Ukuhlola I-Correlates Yezinkinga Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-intanethi Sebenzisa phakathi kwabaFundi BeYunivesithi (2016) Ukusebenzisa umlutha we-inthanethi ye-intanethi, ehlobene nokusebenza kwengqondo empofu, ivela lapho abantu beqala ukusebenzisa i-IP nsuku zonke. Ucwaningo lubike ukuthi eminyakeni engaphambili yokuchayeka yayihlotshaniswa nokukhula kwesisetshenziswa.

Ukuqala kokutholakala kokuqala kwe-IP kutholakale ukuthi kuhlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwe-IP okuvamile nokulutha (bheka ithebula 2). Ababambe iqhaza abatholwa i-IP ngesikhathi esingaphansi kwakungenzeka ukuthi basebenzise i-IP kaningi, banesisindo eside se-IP, futhi banamathuba amaningi okushaya amaphuzu aphezulu kwi-DSM-5 I-Pornography Addicted Criteria kanye nezinyathelo ze-CPUI-COMP. Okokugcina, ukutholakala kwe-IP okuphelele kubonakala kuhambisana kakhulu nemvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-IP. Ababambiqhaza ababesebenze isikhathi eside ku-IP nabo babe namathuba amaningi okuba nezinhlelo ezingaphezulu ze-IP ngenyanga.

13) Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokusetshenziswa Kokuqhathaniswa Kokuzilibazisa Okuvamile, Izithandani, Nokukhathazeka Ngokobulili Phakathi Kwabantwana Abesilisa AbaseSweden (2017) - Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Porn kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engu-18 bekuyinto yonke, futhi abasebenzisi be-porn abavame ukukhetha i-porn-hard. Ingabe lokhu kukhombisa ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kocansi?

Phakathi kwabasebenzisi abavamile, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezidliwe kwakuyizinkinga ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (71%) ezilandelwa yizithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (64%), kuyilapho izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ziyizinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ezikhethiwe (73%) nabasebenzisi abangenayo (36% ). Kube khona umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu okulingana abheke izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (71%, 48%, 10%) nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili (14%, 9%, 0%).

Abalobi basikisela ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuvamile zingase ziholele ekuthandeni izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile noma ezinonya:

Kuyaphawuleka nokuthi ubudlelwane obuphawulekayo obutholakala phakathi kokucabangela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile izikhathi eziningana ngesonto futhi ubukele izithombe ezingcolile zobulili eziyinhloko. Njengoba ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili ngokomlomo nangokwenyama kuyindawo evamile ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile, lokho intsha eningi eyibheka njengezicansi ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kungase kuchazwe ngokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova. Uma kunjalo, futhi ngenxa yesimo esicacisiwe sezinkinga zobulili kuPetru naseValkenburg, kungenzeka ukuthi kunokuba 'ukuhlanza' abantu ngabanye ukucabanga kwabo kanye nokuthambekela kocansi, ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili eziqhubekayo kubandelela, ngaleyo ndlela zanda amathuba okuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.

13) Kunzima kangakanani ukuphatha ukujula okwephuzile ngaphakathi komodeli wesikhashana ongokwengqondo? Ukuqhathaniswa kwesifundo (2017) - Lo ngumbiko ophathelene “namacala ahlanganisiwe” amabili akhombisa izimbangela nezindlela zokwelashwa zokubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation (anorgasmia). "Isiguli B" besimele izinsizwa eziningana eziphathwe yilapha owelapha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi leli phephandaba lithi "ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwePatient B kwase kukhule kwaba izinto ezinzima", "njengoba kwenzeka njalo". Leli phepha lithi ukuhlobene nezocansi ukubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation akuyona into engavamile, futhi kuyanda. Umbhali ufuna ucwaningo oluthe xaxa ngemiphumela ye-porn yokusebenza kocansi. Ukuchithwa kokubambezeleka kwesiguli B kuphulukisiwe ngemuva kwamasonto e-10 kungekho porn. Izicatshulwa ezihlobene nokukhuphuka:

Amacala amacala ahlanganisiwe athathwa emsebenzini wami ngaphakathi kweNational Health Service eCroydon University Hospital, eLondon. Ngalesi sigameko (Isiguli B), kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nkulumo ibonisa inani labantu abesilisa abasha abathunyelwe amaGP abo ngokuhlonza okufanayo. Isiguli B ngumuntu oneminyaka eyi-19 owethule ngoba wayengenakukwazi ukungena ejaculate ngokungena. Ngesikhathi eyi-13, wayehlala efinyelela kumasayithi e-pornography ngedwa ngokwayo ngokuseshwa kwe-intanethi noma ngezixhumanisi abangane bakhe abamthumelele kuzo. Waqala ukushaya indlwabu ubusuku bonke ngesikhathi ecwaninga ifoni yakhe ngesithombe ... Uma engazange aphule indlala engakwazi ukulala. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ayezisebenzisayo zaye zanda, njengoba kunjalo njalo (bheka i-Hudson-Allez, i-2010), zibe izinto eziqinile (akukho okungekho emthethweni) ...

Isiguli B sasivezwe esithombeni sezocansi ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusukela eneminyaka engu-12 kanye nezithombe ezingcolile ayezisebenzisayo zaziye zafika ebugqilini futhi zibuswa yi-15.

Savuma ukuthi ngeke esasisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukushaya indlwabu. Lokhu kwakusho ukushiya ifoni yakhe ekamelweni elihlukile ebusuku. Sivumile ukuthi uzoshaya indlwabu ngendlela ehlukile ... .Isihloko sidinga ukucwaninga ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nemiphumela yaso ekushaya indlwabu kanye nokunciphisa umzimba.

14) Izintandokazi Zokunyathelisa Kusetshenziswa I-Pornography (1986) - Amaviki ayisithupha okuchayeka ezithombeni ezingcolile ezingenabudlova kuholele ekutheni izihloko zingabi nandaba ne-vanilla porn, zikhethe ukubuka kuphela "izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingajwayelekile" (ubugqila, isadomasochism, isilwane). Ingcaphuno:

Abafundi abesilisa nabesifazane kanye nabangenalo ithemba bavezwa ngehora elilodwa lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingekho emthethweni noma ezokungcola ngokobulili nangenhlamba emasontweni ayisithupha okulandelanayo. Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kwalokhu ukwelashwa, banikezwa ithuba lokubuka ama-videotapes esimweni sangasese. Izilinganiso ezilinganiselwe ngu-G, zilinganisiwe futhi zi-X zilinganisiwe. Izihloko ezinokubonwa ngaphambili kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile azibonanga isithakazelo esincane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, ezingakhethi, ezikhetha ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingavamile (ubugqila, sadomasochism, bestiality) esikhundleni salokho. Amadoda angenaso isifiso sokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile azidle izithombe ezingcolile ezingavamile. Abafundi besilisa babonisa iphethini efanayo, nakuba bekungathí sina kakhulu. Lokhu okukhethwa kukho kokusetshenziswa kwakubuye kubonakale kwabesifazane, kodwa kwakuncane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabafundi besifazane.

Eminyakeni yokugcina ye-10 ukunyuka okungakaze kwenzeke ekusebenzeni okungasebenzi kwentsha erectile kwenzeka (ngokomlando, amazinga ED ahlale ephansi kakhulu kubantu abangaphansi kwe-40).

Ku-1940s, i Umbiko weKinsey waphetha ukuthi ukusabalala kwe-ED kwakungaphansi kwe-1% kumadoda amancane kuneminyaka engu-30, ngaphansi kwe-3% kulabo 30-45. Abacwaningi be-2002 Dutch benza a ukuhlolwa kwe-meta-6 ephakeme ye-ED. Zonke izifundo ezibuyekezwe kusukela eYurophu (5) zibike ama-ED Amanani wamadoda angaphansi kwe-40 cishe angu-2%. Iyesithupha (US) ibike amazinga e-erectile okungafaneleki okuphathelene ne-5%.

Izifundo ezihlola ubulili besilisa abasha kusukela ku-2009 umbiko wamazinga omlando wezidakamizwa zesifo socansi, kanye namazinga amasha wesishayo esisha: i-libido ephansi (okubhalwe kulesi sihloko esilandelayo). Izinga lokungasebenzi kwe-Erectile kulezi zifundo zakamuva lisukela ku-14% liye ku-35%, kanti amanani we-libido ephansi (ukuzenzisa ngokobulili) avela ku-16% kuye ku-37%. Ezinye izifundo zibandakanya intsha nabesilisa ama-25 nangaphansi, kanti ezinye izifundo zibandakanya abesilisa abangama-40 nangaphansi. Lokho cishe kungukukhuphuka okungu-1000% kwamazinga we-ED entsha eminyakeni eyi-10-15 edlule. Yikuphi ukuguquguquka okuguqukile kule minyaka eyi-15 edlule okungenzeka kubangele lokhu kukhuphuka kwezinkanyezi? Izingcaphuno ezimbili ezivela ku- Park et al., 2016  (Isingeniso nesiphetho) ukuhlola ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwezidakamizwa zobulili ezisencane:

I-1.1. Amathrendi e-Dysfunction ngokocansi-Imibuzo engaphenduliwe

Kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi edlule, amazinga ka-ED ayephansi kubantu abesilisa ocansini ngaphansi kwe-40, futhi awazange aqale ukukhuphuka kuze kube ngemva kwalokho [1,2]. I-1999 enkulu yokucwaninga kwesigaba esiphambanweni yabika ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile ku-5%, nesifiso sobulili esincane e-5% yamadoda asebenza ngokocansi, iminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-59 [3], nokuhlaziywa kwe-2002 ye-erectile-dysfunction studies ibike amazinga angaguquguquki we-2% kumadoda ngaphansi kwe-40 (ngaphandle kwesifundo esandulele) [2]. Lezi datha zahlanganiswa ngaphambi kokuthi i-intanethi "amashubhu we-porn tube" inikezwe ukufinyelela okubanzi kumavidyo ecacile ngokobulili ngaphandle kokulanda okudingekayo. Iyokuqala yalezi "tube sites" yabonakala ngo-September 2006 [4].

Ngokuphambene, izifundo zamuva ku-ED nesifiso sobulili esiphansi sibonisa ukwanda okubucayi kokusabalalisa okunjalo kwamadoda ngaphansi kwe-40. Ukuboniswa okucacile kwalokhu kuhlobana no-ED, futhi kuqhathanisa amasampula amakhulu kakhulu, konke okuhlolwe kusetshenziswa umbuzo ofanayo (yebo / no) mayelana ne-ED njengengxenye yeSifundo Sezwe Somhlaba Sokuziphatha Nezocansi (GSSAB). Ku-2001-2002, yayinikezwe amadoda e-13,618 asebenza ngokocansi emazweni we-29 [5]. Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, ku-2011, umbuzo ofanayo (yebo / no) ovela kwi-GSSAB wanikezwa amadoda e-2737 ocansini eCroatia, eNorway nasePortugal [6]. Iqembu lokuqala, ku-2001-2002, lase lineminyaka engu-40-80. Iqembu lesibili, ku-2011, liyi-40 nangaphansi. Ngokusekelwe kokufundwa kwezifundo zomlando okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili, amadoda amadala kulindeleke ukuba abe namazinga aphezulu e-ED kunamazinga amancane amancane amantombazane [2,7]. Nokho, eminyakeni eyishumi kuphela, izinto zashintsha kakhulu. Amazinga we-2001-2002 amadoda amadala i-40-80 ayengama-13% eYurophu [5]. Nge-2011, amazinga ED kumaYurophu amancane, i-18-40, isuka ku-14% -28% [6].

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukucwaninga ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola kuye kwaveza ubufakazi obengeziwe bokukhula okungakaze kube khona ezinkingeni zocansi phakathi kwabesilisa abasha. Ku-2012, abacwaningi baseSwitzerland bathola ama-ED amanani we-30% esigabeni esiphambene samadoda aseSwitzerland aneminyaka engu-18-24 esebenzisa i-International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) [8]. Isifundo se-2013 sase-Italy sabika ukuthi esinye seziguli ezine ezifuna ukusiza ukuqala okusha ED kwakungaphansi kwe-40, ngamanani e-ED aphezulu cishe angu-10% aphezulu kunamadoda ngaphezulu kwe-40 [9]. Ucwaningo lwe-2014 olusha lwezingane zaseCanada libike ukuthi i-53.5% yabesilisa abaneminyaka engu-16-21 inezimpawu ezibonisa inkinga yocansi [10]. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile kwakuvame kakhulu (26%), kulandelwa isifiso sobulili esifanele (24%), nezinkinga nge-orgasm (11%). Imiphumela yabangela abalobi ukuthi, "Akucaci ukuthi kungani sathola amanani aphakeme kangaka jikelele, kodwa ikakhulukazi amazinga aphezulu phakathi kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane abahlanganyeli kunabesifazane abahlanganyeli bodwa, njengoba kuvame ezincwadini ezindala" [10] (p.638). Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ngaleli qembu elifanayo lihlolisise izinkinga zocansi ezinganeni (16-21 iminyaka) emafutheni amahlanu ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili. Kubantu abesilisa, izinkinga eziphikisanayo (okungenani ukuzulazula okulodwa) kwakukuneliseka okuphansi kocansi (47.9%), isifiso esiphansi (46.2%), nezinkinga ezisebenza erectile (45.3%). Abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinkinga zezinkinga zocansi zanqabela abesifazane, kodwa hhayi ngamadoda [11]. Ucwaningo lwe-2014 lokuxilongwa okusha kwe-ED kumsebenzi osebenzayo we-servicemen lubike ukuthi amanani aphindwe kabili phakathi kuka-2004 no-2013 [12]. Amanani we-psychogenic ED akhule ngaphezu kwe-ED ephilayo, kanti amazinga we-non-standard ED ahlala eqinile [12]. Ucwaningo lwesigaba se-2014 somsebenzi osebenzayo, obunempilo enhle, abesilisa abaneminyaka engu-21-40 abasebenzisa izinto ezinhlanu ze-IIEF-5 bathole isilinganiso se-ED esiphezulu se-33.2% [13], ngamazinga aphezulu njengo-15.7% kubantu ngabanye ngaphandle kokucindezeleka kokucindezeleka okuthunyelwe ngemuva kwe-posttraumatic [14]. Abacwaningi baphinde bathi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kuncike ekubambeni okushiwo yi-stigmatisation [14], nokuthi kuphela i-1.64% yalabo abane-ED abafuna imiyalelo ye-phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors ngokusebenzisa impi [13]. Ukuhlaziywa okwesibili kwedatha yesigaba sokulwa kwezempi kubonise ukuthi izinkinga zokusebenza zobulili zanda zihlotshaniswa "nokukhathazeka ngokobulili" kanye "nesimo somzimba wesilisa sobulili" [14]. I-2015 "Ukukhulumisana Okufushane" ibike ama-ED Amanani afana ne-31% kubantu abesilisa ngokocansi kanye namazinga aphansi wesifiso socansi aphezulu njengo-37% [6]. Okokugcina, olunye ucwaningo lwe-2015 kumadoda (ubudala obuneminyaka engaba ngu-36), lwabika ukuthi i-ED ehambisana nesifiso esiphansi sobulili obuhlanganisiwe manje sesibheke ngokujwayelekile emitholampilo phakathi kwabantu abafuna usizo ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo ngokocansi ngokweqile, okuvame "ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokushaya indlwabu "[15].

Ngokwesiko, i-ED ibonwe njengenkinga encike eminyakeni yobudala [2], futhi ukuhlola uphenyo lwe-ED kubantu abangaphansi kwe-40 baye bahluleka ukukhomba izici ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa no-ED kumadoda amadala, njengokubhema, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala, ukuphila ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo, kanye ne-hyperlipidemia [16]. I-ED ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi i-psychogenic noma i-organic. I-Psychogenic ED iye yahlotshaniswa nezici zengqondo (isb. Ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka okujwayelekile, noma ukukhathazeka okusebenzayo) kuyilapho i-ED ephilayo ibhekwa ngezimo zomzimba (isb., Imiphumela yegazi, i-hormonal, i-anatomical, noma i-pharmacologic)17]. Kubantu abangaphansi kwe-40 ukuxilongwa okuvame kakhulu yi-psychogenic ED, futhi abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi kuphela i-15% -20% yamacala ayimvelaphi engokwemvelo [18].

Kodwa-ke, azikho izinto ezijwayelekile ezihambisanayo eziphakanyisiwe ze-psychogenic ED ezibonakala zanele ukuphendula ukwanda okusheshayo okuphindwe kaningi ezinkingeni zobulili ezisencane. Isibonelo, abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwezinkinga zobulili ezisencane kumele kube ngumphumela wezindlela zokuphila ezingenampilo, njengokukhuluphala, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa nokubhema (izinto ngokomlando zihambisana ne-organic ED). Kodwa-ke lezi zingcuphe zokuphila azikashintshi ngokulingana, noma zehlile, kule minyaka engama-20 edlule: Izinga lokukhuluphala kwabesilisa base-US abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-40 lenyuke ngama-4% kuphela phakathi kuka-1999 no-2008 [19]; Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokungemthetho phakathi kwezakhamizi zase-US ezineminyaka eyi-12 noma ngaphezulu bezilokhu zizinzile kule minyaka eyi-15 edlule [20]; futhi izinga lokubhema labantu abadala base-US lehlile kusuka ku-25% ku-1993 kuya ku-19% ku-2011 [21]. Abanye abalobi batusa izici zengqondo. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka ngenxa yokukhula okubucayi ubunzima bobulili obubusha kunikezwe ubuhlobo obunzima phakathi kwesifiso socansi nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka? Ezinye iziguli ezicindezelekile nezikhathazayo zibika isifiso esincane socansi kanti abanye babika isifiso sobulili [22,23,24,25]. Akukhona kuphela ukuhlobana phakathi kokucindezeleka kanye ne-ED okungenzeka kube yi-bidirectional futhi kuhlangene, kungase kube nomphumela wokungasebenzi kahle ngokobulili, ikakhulukazi kumadoda amancane [26]. Nakuba kunzima ukulinganisa amanani kwezinye izici zengqondo ezixoshwa ekubhekiseni ukukhula okubukhali ezinkingeni zobulili ezisencane, njengokucindezeleka, ubudlelwane obucindezelekile, nemfundo enganele ngokwenza ucansi, kungabe kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinto ziyi (1) hhayi i-bidirectional futhi (i-2) baye bafaka amazinga amanani okwanele okuchaza ukukhula okusheshayo okuphindaphindiwe ezinkingeni zobulili ezisencane, njengokufisa kwesifiso sobulili, ukukhathazeka okuncane, no-ED?

I-4. Iziphetho nezincomo

Izici zendabuko ezake zachaza ubunzima bezocansi emadodeni zibonakala zinganele ukubika ngokwanda okukhulu kokungasebenzi kahle kocansi kanye nesifiso esiphansi socansi emadodeni angaphansi kweminyaka engama-40. Kokubili izincwadi kanye nemibiko yethu yomtholampilo kugcizelela isidingo sophenyo olunzulu ngemiphumela engaba khona yezithombe zocansi kwi-Intanethi kubasebenzisi, ngokufanele ngokuba nezihloko zisuse ukuguquguquka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi ukuze kuboniswe imiphumela engaba khona yokuguqulwa kokuziphatha. Ucwaningo lwe-2015, ngokwesibonelo, lathola ukuthi amanani okuphuza ukubambezeleka (ukukhetha ukuzithokozisa ngokushesha kunemivuzo ebambezelekile yenani elikhulu) anciphile lapho ababambiqhaza abaphilile bezama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi amasonto amathathu nje kuphela (uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo elazama ukuyeka ukudla abakuthandayo ngesikhathi esifanayo) [75]. Kokubili ukuziphatha kanye nesimo se-stimuli esinikeziwe kwakuguquguqukayo okuyinhloko.

Ngenkathi ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi okungekhona okwemvelo kuthathwa njengokuvela kwengqondo, ngakho-ke isifundazwe sochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi okungaqondakali manje kukhuphuka kakhulu ezinsizweni (i-ED, ubunzima be-orgasming, isifiso sobulili esiphansi), kuze kube sezingeni lapho zingaguqulwa khona ngokuyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi, okungaveli "ekukhathazekeni kokusebenza" (okungukuthi, ukungasebenzi kahle kobungqingili, ikhodi ye-ICD-9 302.7), yize ukukhathazeka kokusebenza kungahambisana nabo. Abaphenyi besikhathi esizayo bazodinga ukunaka izakhiwo ezihlukile kanye nomthelela wokusakazwa kwe-inthanethi kwezithombe zocansi kwanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi ngesikhathi sokuthomba, noma ngaphambili, kungaba ngukuhlukahluka okukhulu.

Ukubuyekezwa kwethu nemibiko yemitholampilo iphinde igcizelele isidingo samathuluzi wokuhlola okuqinisekisiwe ukuze kubone ukuthi kungenzeka yini ubunzima obungokwemvelo obuphathelene nocansi, kanye nobunzima obuhlobene nocansi be-Internet kumadoda angenempilo enye. Lezi zinsuku zivame ukuguqulwa ngokumane ukuguqula ukuziphatha. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkinga zocansi ezihlobene nezocansi ezingxenyeni ze-intanethi azange zihlanganiswe ngokuqondile ekuxilongweni okusemthethweni, abahlinzeki bezempilo abazibukeli njalo, beshiya iziguli zibe yingozi. Mayelana nalokhu, ukuze kuhlolwe iziguli ngendlela efanele, kungase kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukanisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile-ezingcolile ekusizeni ukushaya indlwabu. Ngokwesiko, uma iziguli zingenaso ubunzima bokuzikhandla, zivusa futhi zithinteke ngenkathi zishaya indlwabu, kodwa izinkinga ezibikezelwe ngesikhathi socansi oluhlukanisiwe, zazicatshangwa ukuthi zinezinkinga zengqondo, hhayi eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezincane zabuza ukuthi amandla abo zingase zithathwe ngokuthi "ukushaya indlwabu" zibhekisela "ekushaya indlwabu ngosizo lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile", ngakho-ke zihlolwe ngokuthi zibe "nokukhathazeka okusebenzayo," lapho ubunzima babo bobulili bobulili obuhlobene nocansi kuyi-Internet ehlobene nalokho. Abahlinzeki bezempilo abanokuhlola abalula bangase baqashe ukubuza ukuthi, "kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiguli singakwazi yini ukufeza futhi silondoloze ukulungiswa okwanelisayo (futhi sifinyelele umxhwele njengoba kufunwa) ngenkinga yokushaya indlwabu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi". Uma engenakukwazi, kodwa angakwazi ukufeza kalula lezi zinhloso nge-pornography ye-intanethi, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kwakhe ngokocansi kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okunjalo, kunengozi yokuxilongwa okungamanga "kokukhathazeka kokusebenza", futhi ingozi elandelayo yokubeka imithi yokuzivocavoca engadingekile futhi (ekugcineni mhlawumbe engasebenzi) phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Ezinye izinkomba zokubhekana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-Inthanethi zingase zilahlekelwe izikhathi zokuhlwaza kanye / noma ukuphazamiseka okuzenzekelayo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kule ndawo luvumelekile.

Ukwengeza, nakuba abahlinzeki bezempilo kufanele bahlolisise izinkinga zobudlelwane, ukuzethemba okuphansi, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, i-PTSD, ukucindezeleka nezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, kufanele baqaphele ukucabanga ukuthi impilo engokwengqondo engafanele iyimbangela yokungasebenzi kabi ngokobulili emadodeni ngaphansi kwe-40. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwalezi zici nokuhlukumeza ngokocansi kumadoda amasha kungenzeka kube yi-bidirectional futhi kuhlangene, noma kungaba umphumela wokungasebenzi ngokocansi [26].

SLIDE 26

Ngiye kodokotela bengqondo nodokotela bengqondo kule minyaka engu-8 edlule. Kutholwe ukuthi nginokudangala, ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezenhlalo, ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwememori, nabanye abambalwa. Uzamile u-Effexor, uRitalin, uXanax noPaxil. Uphume emakolishi amabili ahlukene. Uxoshwe kabili. Ibhodwe elisetshenzisiwe ukwehlisa ukukhathazeka kwami ​​kwezenhlalo. Ngithintwe ngabesifazane abambalwa (ngicabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokubukeka / isimo), kepha basheshe babaleka ngenxa yobunzima bami obumangalisayo. Ngibe ngumlutha we-porn hardcore kusukela nge-14.

Eminyakeni emibili edlule bengizama, futhi ekugcineni ngabona ukuthi i-porn iyinkinga. Ngakuyeka ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule. Kube nzima kakhulu, kepha kuze kube manje kufanelekile. Sengiyiyekile imishanguzo yami esele. ”

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Lena i-anecdote. Kodwa-ke, ngase ngikubonile amakhulu njengalokhu ngenza Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa. Ukusekelwa kwezombusazwe "kokulutha okuvusa inkanuko" (i-inthanethi ye-porn, ukugembula kwe-inthanethi) okunciphisa noma okwandisa izimo zengqondo nezingokomzwelo kwanikezwa ku Slide i-11, echibini Slide i-21 ngoba izixhumanisi eziya kumaforamu kwakuyizinsizwa eziqedile izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi zichazwe ukukhululwa kwezimpawu ezifanayo. Bheka izihloko ezilandelayo (nezigaba zokuphawula ngezansi ezihlokweni) zemibiko yokuzitholela eyengeziwe efana ne-anecdote evezwe enkulumweni.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Ukusekelwa okungokomthetho nokwelashwa "kokulutha ngokweqile" (i-inthanethi ye-porn, ukudlala i-inthanethi) okunciphisa noma okwandisa izimo zengqondo nezingokomzwelo kwanikezwa ngaphansi Slide i-11.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela ku-2011 amakhulu e-athikili ashicilelwe ekukhuleni okungakaze kwenzeke ezinkingeni zempilo yengqondo yengqondo (ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka komphakathi). Abaningi ochwepheshe ocashunwe kulezi zihloko babhekisela ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kanye nokwamukelwa kwamakhompyutha amaningi njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Izihloko ezimbalwa ezinjalo:

Kungani Intsha EmaMelika Ekhona Kunanoma Ikuphi Ukubhekana Nokukhathazeka Okukhulu? (I-2017) - Ingcaphuno:

Lapho ngicela u-Eken ngeminye imithombo evamile yokukhathazeka phakathi kwezingane ezikhathazeka kakhulu, akazange akhathaze: abezindaba zenhlalo. Intsha ekhungathekile evela kuzo zonke izizinda ihlale iqhathanisa neontanga, yathi, futhi imiphumela isicishe ibe nzima.

Izingane ezikhathazayo ngokuqinisekile zazikhona ngaphambi kokuba ku-Instagram, kodwa abaningi babazali bami ngikhuluma ngokukhathazeka ukuthi imikhuba yezingane zabo zedijithali - nxazonke ngehora ephendula ematheksthini, ukuthumela kuma-social media, ukulandela ngokuzenzekelayo ukuxhaphazwa kweontanga - kwakuyingxenye yokusola izinkinga zezingane zabo. Ngamangala lapho izingane ezinenkathazo zazivame ukuvumelana. E-Mountain Valley, ngilalela njengoba umfundi wekolishi ehamba ngefilosofi ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo bakhe nesizukulwane somphakathi. "Angicabangi ukuthi siqaphela ukuthi kuthinta kanjani imizwa yethu nobuntu bethu," esho. "Imithombo yezokuxhumana iyithuluzi, kodwa yinto into esingeke siphile ngaphandle kodwa lokho kusenza sidle."

Endabeni yakhe, wayengenakuzazaza ukuthi imithombo yezokuxhumana yamenza wakhathazeka ngokwengeziwe. "Esikoleni esiphakeme, ngizohlala ngigcina ngigcina i-intanethi yami," wangitshela, ekhumbula ubuhlobo bakhe obuhlukunyeziwe ne-Facebook. "Ngingacabanga, O, abantu abafuni ukubona me emgqeni wesikhathi sabo. "

Nakuba ama-Smartphones angabangela ukukhathazeka, angase abe njengendlela yokugwema. Lapho eqhubeka nokuhlukunyezwa kwakhe, uJake wachitha amahora amaningi efonini yakhe ekhaya noma esikoleni. "Kwakungendlela engingacabangi ngayo ngamakilasi nasekolishi, hhayi ukuthi ngizokhuluma nabantu," esho. Abazali bakaJake babesaba kakhulu ukuthi bakhuluma nomqondo wakhe wezifo zengqondo ngalokhu futhi bathatha ucingo lwakhe amahora ambalwa ubusuku bonke.

E-workshop yabazali ukuwa kokugcina e-NW Anxiety Institute ePortland, Ore., UKevin Ashworth, umqondisi wempilo, wawaxwayisa ngokuthi "inkolelo yokulawula nokuqiniseka" ukuthi ama-Smartphones anikezwa abantu abashaqisayo abanesifiso sokuphatha izindawo zabo. "Intsha izohamba izindawo uma zizwa sengathi ziyakwazi konke okuzokwenzeka, uma zikwazi wonke umuntu ozoba khona, uma zibona ukuthi ngubani ohlolwe ku-intanethi," kusho u-Ashworth etshela abazali. "Kodwa ukuphila akugcini njalo kuleso simo sokuqiniseka, futhi akukaze kusetshenziswe ikhono lokugubha ngezimpondo, lokungena esimweni esingaziwa noma esibucayi sezenhlalakahle nokufunda ukuthi bangasinda."

UJean Twenge, uprofesa wesayensi yezokwelapha eSan Diego State University ocwaninga impilo yengqondo yasencane nokuhlukana kwengqondo phakathi kwezizukulwane, wayevame ukungabaza ngalabo abakhala i-alamu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kwentsha. "Kubonakala sengathi kulula kakhulu ukuchaza ngemiphumela emibi yengqondo enganeni, futhi kwakungekho ubufakazi obuningi," wangitshela. Wacwaninga ezinye izincazelo ezikhona, kuhlanganise nezomnotho. Kodwa isikhathi sezinsizwa ezinentombazane exhala futhi ecindezelekile kusukela ngo-2011, ebiza ngokuthi enye yezinto ezibukhali kakhulu futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu ebonile, "konke kubi," kusho yena. "Umnotho wawuthuthukisiwe ngenkathi ukwanda kwaqala."

Lapho efuna kabanzi izincazelo, lapho eqhubeka ebuyela emigqeni emibili ebonakalayo engabambisani - ukucindezeleka kwentsha kanye nokutholwa kwe-smartphone. (Kukhona idatha engaphezulu kakhulu mayelana nokucindezeleka kunokukhathazeka.) Kusukela ku-2011, imigqa yezintandokazi yanda ngokulingana okulinganayo. Encwadini yakhe yakamuva "iGen," nangaphakathi isihloko esise-Atlantic, I-Twenge igcizelela izinombolo zezifundo ezihlolisisa uxhumano phakathi kwezindaba zenhlalo nokungajabuli. "Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezokuxhumana kanye nama-smartphones kubhekene nokwenyuka kwenkinga yezempilo yengqondo yengane," wangitshela. "Kwanele ukuboshwa - futhi njengoba sithola idatha eyengeziwe, kungase kube ngokwanele ukukholelwa."

Ukukhathazeka kwentsha kanye nokucindezeleka kwentsha (2017) - Ingcaphuno:

Abazali abaningi bangakwazi ukukhomba kalula omunye wezikhulu ze-21st-century ezithinta impilo yengqondo yengane: imithombo yezokuxhumana. Ososayensi bathola inamba ekhulayo yezixhumanisi eziphazamisayo phakathi kwezinselelo zokuxhumana nabantu kanye nezinselele zempilo yengqondo. Lokhu akumangalisi: Intsha iyingozi kakhulu ekucindezelweni kontanga, okubabeka engozini yokubhekana nokukhushulwa kwezimpikiswano zezempilo yengqondo isikhathi esengeziwe kumasayithi ezokuxhumana nabantu.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Facebook okwandisiwe kuhambisana nokuzithoba okuphansi futhi kunciphise ukwaneliseka komphefumulo. Kukhona futhi isakhi sezinto eziphilayo: Ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo okudalwe ukuxhumana nabantu kushintsha isimiso sezinzwa emmoqweni wokulwa noma sezindiza, okwenza ukucindezeleka kwentsha nokukhathazeka kube kubi nakakhulu. Futhi inkinga ayihambi maduzane: Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa nesithupha abasha abasebenzisa abezindaba bezenhlalo, kanti amaphesenti angu-50 entsha azwa ukuthi ayilutha kumadivaysi awo eselula.

Ingabe i-Smartphones ichithe isizukulwane? (I-2017)

Kodwa-ke, ngokwengqondo, basengozini kakhulu kunezinkulungwane zeminyaka: Izibalo zokucindezeleka nokuzibulala kwentsha ziye zavela kusukela ku-2011. Akuyona ukunyanyisa ukuchaza iGen njengenkinga yezinkinga zempilo yengqondo embi kakhulu emashumini eminyaka. Okuningi kwalokhu kuhlaselwa kungalandelwa kumafoni abo.

Izingosi zokuxhumana nabantu ezifana nesithembiso se-Facebook sokusixhumanisa nabangani. Kodwa umfanekiso wezingane ze-iGen ezivela emninweni ungenye yezizukulwane ezizimele, ezihlukanisiwe.

Yiqiniso, lezi zihlaziyizi azibonakali ngokucacile leso sikhathi sesikrini izimbangela ukungabi nenjabulo; kungenzeka ukuthi intsha engajabuli ichitha isikhathi esengeziwe ku-intanethi. Kodwa ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi isikhathi sesikrini, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana kwezenhlalo, kubangela ngempela ukungabi nenjabulo.

Kanjalo ukucindezeleka. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, umphumela wemisebenzi yesikrini awuqondakali: Uma isikhathi esiningi intsha isichitha ebuka izikrini, kungenzeka ukuthi bazobika izimpawu zokucindezeleka.

Intsha echitha amahora amathathu ngosuku noma ngaphezulu kumadivaysi kagesi amaphesenti angu-35 amathuba amaningi okuba nengozi yokuzibulala, njengokwenza uhlelo lokuzibulala. (Okungaphezu kwenengozi ehlobene nokuthi, ukubukela i-TV.) Ingxenye eyodwa yedatha engaqondakali kodwa ngokumangazayo ibamba ukuhlukaniswa kwezingane okukhula, okuhle nokubi: Kusukela ku-2007, izinga lokubulala phakathi kwentsha liye lancipha, kodwa ukuzibulala izinga liye landa. Njengoba intsha isiqalile ukuchitha isikhathi esincane ndawonye, ​​isuke ingaba yinto encane yokubulala, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibulale. Ku-2011, okokuqala ngqa eminyakeni engu-24, izinga lokuzibulala elisencane laliphakeme kunezinga lokubulala izingane.

SLIDE 27

“Ukukhathazeka kwami ​​akukho. Inkumbulo yami nokugxila kwami ​​kubukhali kunanini ngaphambili. Ngizizwa ngathi "umazibuthe omkhulu", futhi i-ED yami nayo ayisekho. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngazalwa kabusha - ithuba lesibili empilweni. ”

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Bona islayidi esandulele.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Ukwesekwa kobukhosi bokuba khona kwezidakamizwa ezenzelwe ucansi okuhlinzekwa ngocansi kunikezwe ngaphansi kweSlades 21 nge-25.

Njengoba kuchaziwe, ochwepheshe basola ukusabalaliswa okubanzi kwe-Smartphones nokunyuka kokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokugxuma okungakaze kwenzeke ekuhluphekeni kwengqondo kwentsha. Ngalesi sikhathi esifanayo ama-ED amanani aphakanyisiwe phakathi kwabesilisa abasha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphesenti labafundi besikole samabanga aphakeme ase-US okwamanje abenza ucansi (babe nobulili phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu ezedlule) uye wehla kusuka ku-38% ku-1991 kuya ku-30% ku-2015. E-Japan ethandwayo yobuchwepheshe i-2010 uphenyo ithola ukuthi I-36% yamadoda aseJapan aneminyaka engu-16 kuya ku-19 ayengenasithakazelo kwezocansi, kabili isibalo kusuka ku-2008 (siyini isibalo ku-2017?). I-infographic elandelayo ibeka lokhu konke:

SLIDE 28

Kungakho amaphakethe wabafana evela kuyo yonke iwebhu. Ezingxenyeni zokwakha umzimba, izingosi zokulanda abaculi, amasayithi ezemidlalo - nomaphi lapho amadoda ehlangana khona. Bafuna ukuzalwa kabusha kwe-neurochemical. Nali iqembu ku-Reddit.com, elizibiza nge- “fapstronauts.” "Ukuhluma" kusetshenziselwa ucansi olulodwa - kepha empeleni basho ukuyeka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Bangeze amalungu angama-2000 selokhu lesi sithombe sathathwa ngenyanga eyodwa edlule.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Umthombo woqobo - Awe-NoFap subreddit

Bona Slide i-21 ngoba izixhumanisi eziya kumaforamu kwakuyizinsizwa eziqedile izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi zichazwe ukukhululwa kwezimpawu ezifanayo.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Awe-NoFap subreddit manje unamalungu we-270,000 +.

NoFap.com, okwaqalwa yinsizwa efanayo, manje inamalungu angaphezu kwe-100,000

SLIDE 29

Lokhu ukunyakaza okungaxhunywanga ku-porn kuyanda. Eqinisweni, amaqembu ahamba phambili kuwebhu ... eYurophu futhi. Kodwa, kukhona inhlanhla emangalisayo emafutheni.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Bona Slide i-21 ngoba izixhumanisi eziya kumaforamu kwakuyizinsizwa eziqedile izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi zichazwe ukukhululwa kwezimpawu ezifanayo.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Igrafu yamathrendi alandelayo ye-Google iveza ukuthi idume kanjani i- “NoFap” kusukela ngoJanuwari, 2011:

SLIDE 30

Abafana emashumini amabili angamashumi ayisithupha ababuyiselwa impilo erectile ngokushesha njengabafana abadala. Umuntu oneminyaka engu-50 angayithola kanjani ngokushesha ngokushesha kunokuthile kwe-20? Impendulo: noma ngabe amadala asetshenzisile asebenzisa izithombe ze-porn eside kakhulu, awazange aqale nge-porn ephezulu ye-intanethi ephezulu. Siyazi ukuthi lokhu kuyisihluthulelo esiyisisekelo - ngoba abasebenzisi asebekhulile abahlakuleli izinkinga zobulili ezihlobene nocansi kuze kube yilapho emva kokuthola i-intanethi ephezulu.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Ama-Slides 21 ngokusebenzisa i-25 inikeza ukusekelwa komtholampilo nokwemvelo kokukhona kwezidakamizwa ezenzelwe ucansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Ukusekelwa kwangempela kwabesilisa abasebasha okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuze babuyisele ukusebenza kocansi kanye ne-libido kungatholakala ezindabeni zokutakula ezenziwe ngocansi:

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Ngeshwa, i-Slide 30 siphelelwe isikhathi. Izinsizwa eziningi ezine-ED eyenziwe ngocansi manje sezidinga izinyanga ze-6, izinyanga ze-9, ngisho neminyaka eyi-1-2 ukuthola kabusha ukusebenza kocansi. Eminyakeni eyedlule i-YBOP yashicilela izindatshana ezichaza lo mkhuba ophazamisayo (izindatshana zifaka "izindaba eziningi zokululama ezinde"):

Asikho isifundo esingaqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwe-ED yamaqembu ahlukene e-porn.

SLIDE 31

Izintsha ezisencane zanamuhla ziqala i-porn-speed ye-intanethi uma ubuchopho babo bebukhulu babo bokukhiqizwa kwe-dopamine kanye neuroplasticity. Lokhu futhi lapho besengozini kakhulu yokulutha. Kodwa kunenye ingozi:

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Nge-2012 kwakusungulwe kahle ukuthi intsha yilabo abahlukunyezwa kakhulu. Izazi ze-Neuroscientists ziphakamisa ukuthi uhlelo lokuvuza olungaguquguquki oluhlanganiswe ne-prefrontal cortex elungile lunikeza kule nengozi ukuthi idle izidakamizwa kanye nemivuzo yemvelo. Izifundo zezilwane nezesintu zazisungula ukuthi ubuchopho bentsha bukhulu kakhulu ukuphakama ukukhiqizwa kwe-dopamine (ukuzwela ku-dopamine) ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo shintsha izinguquko ze-neuroplastiki ngokushesha (ukufunda). I-Dopamine isebenza njenge isignali yokufunda kungabangela Ukuba umlutha wezithombe. Izihloko ezimbalwa, izifundo, nokubuyekeza okusekela lezi ziqinisekiso:

Ingxoxo nomcwaningi owaziwayo wezokwelapha Jay Giedd, (PBS Frontline interview):

Yini ekumangazile ngokubuka ubuchopho bentsha?

Into emangalisa kakhulu kube ukuthi ubuchopho bentsha butshintsha kangakanani. Ngeminyaka eyisithupha, ubuchopho sebuvele bube ngamaphesenti angama-95 osayizi wabo omdala. Kepha into empunga, noma ingxenye ecabangayo yobuchopho, iyaqhubeka nokukhula phakathi nobuntwana njengoba amangqamuzana obuchopho ethola ukuxhumana okwengeziwe, kufana nesihlahla esikhula amagatsha angeziwe, amahlumela nezimpande. Engxenyeni engaphambili yobuchopho, ingxenye yobuchopho ebandakanyeka ekwahluleleni, ekuhleleni, ekuhleleni nasekuhleleni amasu - wona kanye amakhono intsha eba ngcono futhi ingcono - le nqubo yokuqina kwendaba empunga ifinyelela cishe eminyakeni eyi-11 emantombazaneni futhi iminyaka eyi-12 kubafana, cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuthomba.

Ngemuva kwalokho, udaba olumpunga luyancipha njengoba ukuxhumeka ngokweqile kuqedwa noma kukhishwe. Ucwaningo lwethu oluningi lugxile ekuzameni ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izikhumba noma eziqondisa isiteji sokwakha lapho indaba eluhlaza ikhula amagatsha engeziwe kanye nokuxhumana nokuthi yini eqondisa isigaba sokunciphisa noma ukusika lapho ukuxhuma ngokweqile kuqedwa.

Futhi ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kungase kusho ukuthini, lokhu kukhula okunamnandi kwalabo asebekhulile eminyakeni yokuqala?

Ngicabanga ukuthi ukukhula okujabulisayo phakathi neminyaka yangaphambi kokuthomba kunika ubuchopho amandla amakhulu. Amandla okuba namakhono ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene ayakhula ngalezo zikhathi. Yimaphi amathonya okuba ngumzali noma othisha, umphakathi, ukudla okunomsoco, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kanye negciwane - zonke lezi zinto - kulesi sigaba sokwakha, sisaqala ukuzama ukuqonda. Kepha isigaba sokuthena mhlawumbe sijabulisa kakhulu, ngoba umbono wethu ohamba phambili walokho umgomo othi "Sebenzisa noma ulahlekelwe". Lawo maseli nokuxhumeka okusetshenzisiwe kuzosinda futhi kuchume. Lawo maseli nokuxhumeka okungasetshenziswanga kuzobuna futhi kufe.

Ngakho-ke uma osemusha enza umculo noma ezemidlalo noma izifundiswa, lawo ngamaseli nokuxhumana okuzoba nzima. Uma belele kusofa noma bedlala imidlalo yevidiyo noma i-MTV, lawo ngamaseli nokuxhumana okuzosinda.

Cishe ngesikhathi sokuthomba kuze kube seminyakeni yobudala yisikhathi esibucayi kakhulu sokwenza ubuchopho. Ngokufana noDavid kaMichelangelo, uqala ngebhulokhi elikhulu legranite esiqongweni seminyaka yokuthomba. Bese kuthi ubuciko benziwe ngokususa izingcezu zegranite, futhi leyo yindlela ubuchopho obuziqola ngayo. Okukhudlwana akukuhle kangako, uma kungenjalo ukusebenza kobuchopho kuzokwenzeka lapho uneminyaka eyi-11 noma eyi-12… Intuthuko ivela ekuqedeni nasekunciphiseni ukuxhumana okuthile uqobo.

Intuthuko ye-cortical yentsha: isikhathi esibucayi sokungabikho kokulutha (2007) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukukhula kwama-cortical nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kuqhubeka kusukela ekuzalweni ngokusebenzisa intsha nokukhula kuya kumazinga omdala asezinzile okushintsha kancane ukuya enesencence. Kunezikhathi ezibucayi zokuthuthukiswa kwama-cortical lapho okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile kubangela ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-syaptic nokufunda okwenzeka kuphela phakathi nesikhathi esibucayi. Ukukhula kwentsha kuchazwa yizici zokuziphatha ezibandakanya amazinga aphezulu okuthatha ingozi, ukuhlola, intsha nokufunwa kwezinzwa, ukuxhumana komphakathi kanye nokuziphatha kokuziphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kuyisikhathi sokugcina somuntu omdala lapho kutholakala khona amathalenta, ukucabanga kanye nokuziphatha okukhudlwana kwabantu abadala. Lokhu ukuvuthwa kokuziphatha kuhambisana nezikhathi zokushintsha okuphawulekile ku-neurogenesis, ukulungiswa kwe-cortical cortic, ama-receptors we-neurotransmitter kanye nabathumeli, kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu kuma-hormone. Ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphambili kwe-cortical kamuva ekukhuleni futhi okungenzeka kunomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono ukucabanga, umgomo kanye nokubeka phambili, ukulawula umfutho nokuhlola imivuzo ende yesikhathi eside. Abantu abanesibindi banamazinga aphezulu okuphuza ngokweqile nokuhlolwa nezinye izidakamizwa. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kubonisa ukutholakala kokusekela ubudala njengesikhathi esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa kwama-cortical okubalulekile ekusunguleni izici ezikhulile zomuntu omdala eziphazanyiswa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Ubuchopho bentsha: ukuqonda okuvela ku-neuroimaging (2008) - Izingcaphuno:

Bambalwa abazali bomusha osemusha bayamangala lapho bezwa ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu oneminyaka engu-16 buhlukile ebuchosheni beminyaka engu-8. Kodwa ukwehlisa phansi lezi zingxabano ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi yesayensi kuye kwaba nzima. Ukufaneka kwemifanekiso yamagnetic, enekhono lokunikeza iziqu eziningi ezinembile zobuchopho nobuchopho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing, iye yaqala inkathi entsha ye-neuroscience yezingane. Ukufundwa kwe-longitudinal yezihloko kusukela eminyakeni eyi-3-30 iminyaka ikhombisa indlela ejwayelekile yobuningi bezingane ezilandelwa yizintlu ezincane ezilandelwa ukukhula kwentsha, ukunyuka okusebenzayo nokuhlelekile ekuxhumaneni nasekusebenzeni kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nokulinganisela okuguqukayo phakathi kwemisebenzi ye-limbic / subcortical ne-frontal lobe, eqhubeka kahle ube ngumuntu omdala.

Isikhathi soshintsho: Ukuziphatha okuhambisana nokuziphatha kwe-neural correlates kokuzwela kwentsha ekukhunjweni nokuphazamiseka kwemvelo (2010) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukukhula kwentsha yinkathi yokuthuthukiswa ehlanganisa izinguquko ezinkulu ekuziphatheni okufisayo kanye nokugqugquzela okuphathelene nokukhushulwa nokukhula kwabantu, kufaka phakathi ukuqina okunamandla okubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okuyingozi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuqhubekayo okungalungile kanye ne-labile mood states. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuxoxisana nezinguquko ezingokomzwelo nezokugqugquzela ukuziphatha ezenzakalini kanye nezinhlelo zabo ezihlobene neural, ngokugxila ekusebenzisaneni okunamandla phakathi kwe-amygdala, i-ventral striatum ne-prefrontal cortex. Izinguquko zokuziphatha ezivamile ngesikhathi sokukhula zingase zihlotshaniswe nokuphendula okukhudlwana ekukhuthazeni nasezikhungweni zomzwelo ngenkathi amandla okubandakanyeka ngokusemthethweni isimiso somqondo nokuqonda imizwa engakapheli.

Intuthuko Yentsha Yenqubo Yokubuyisela (2010) - Izingcaphuno:

Abaphenyi basebenzise i-imaging resonance imaging esebenzayo (fMRI) ngokubambisana nemihlahlandlela yokuvuza ukuhlola imibono emibili ephikisanayo mayelana nezinguquko zokuthuthukiswa kwentsha ku-striatum, isifunda esithinta ukucubungula umvuzo. Esinye isizathu senza ukuthi i-striatum ibhekene ne-hypo-responsive kuya emivuzo ngesikhathi sobusha, okufana nokwenza ngcono ukufuna umvuzo kuyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okufanayo njengabantu abadala. Omunye umbono ubonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sobusha uhlelo lokuvuza lokuhlaselwa luyaxhamazeka, okuzoholela ekufuneni okukhulu kwemiphumela. Nakuba ubufakazi bobubili obucatshangelwayo bubikiwe, insimu ivame ukuguqulwa kulolu cwaningo lokugcina olusekelwe ebufakazini obunamandla.

Impendulo eyingqayizivele yentsha yokuvuza amaphutha okubikezela (i-2010) - Izingcaphuno:

Umsebenzi wangaphambilini ubonise ukuthi abantu besilisa bangase babe yizimpendulo zokuvuza; Akukwazi ukuthi iyiphi into yokucubungula lokhu okubonisa lokhu. Sahlukanise izinqumo zesiphakamiso nesiphakamiso sokubikezela iphutha futhi sathola ukuthi izibonakaliso zephutha zokubikezela nge-neural ku-striatum zavezwa ebusheni, kanti izimpawu ze-neural decision value zahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inani lihlelwe kanjani. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi umnikelo oyedwa ekufuneni ukuvuza kwentsha kungase kuphakanyiswe ukuphendula kwesiphambeko sephutha lokubikezela i-dopaminergic.

Ubuchopho bentsha ngaphezulu-bukhipha imivuzo, okuphakamisa ukucubungula kokuziphatha okuyingozi, ukugula kwengqondo (i-2011) - Izingcaphuno:

Ithimba libika ku I-Journal ye-Neuroscience lokho okuqoshiwe kwe-electrode yabantu abadala nabasakhulayo-ingqamuzana yesikhumba ngenkathi kusebenza umbukiso womsebenzi okhishwa umvuzo wokuthi ubuchopho bentsha buyasabela emivuzo ngenjabulo enkulu kakhulu kunezinsizwa ezindala. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwenzeka ngokushintshashintsha okukhulu kulo lonke ucwaningo kanye nokungahleleki okukhulu kwezinzwa zentsha. Ubuchopho bamagundane amakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bahlaziya imiklomelo yabo ngokulinganisela okuzenzekelayo kokuzijabulisa nokuvimbela.

Umehluko owedlulele ekusebenzeni kobuchopho uhlinzeka ngencazelo yomzimba yokuthi kungani intsha ithambekele kakhulu kunabantu abadala ekuziphatheni ngamawala, ukuluthwa nezifo zengqondo, kusho umcwaningi oholayo uBita Moghaddam, uprofesa wesayensi yezinzwa ePitt's School of Arts and Sciences.

I-Braking nokusheshisa Ubuningi Bentsha (2011) - Izingcaphuno:

Intsha iyinkathi yokuthuthukiswa evame ukubonakala njengesikhathi sokukhetha okungenangqondo nokulimaza okuholela ekukhuleni okungenalutho nangobundlova, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukukhulelwa okungahlosiwe nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Izincazelo zendabuko ye-neurobiological kanye nengqondo yokuzikhethela kanye nezenzo ezinjalo ziye zahluleka ukuziphendulela izinguquko ezingekho emthethweni ekuziphatheni okugcinwe ngesikhathi sobusha, ngokuphathelene nobuntwana nokudala. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kunikeza ukucubungula okungokwemvelo kwezinto ezihambisana nalezi zinguquko ezingezona ezitshalweni ekuziphatheni, njengokungalingani phakathi kokuzwela okukhulumayo kuya ekuthinteni okugqugquzelayo kanye nokulawulwa kokuqonda kwengqondo. Ukucatshangwa kwamanje kwabantu nezifundo zesilwane kunikezela isisekelo sezinto eziphilayo kulo mbono, okuphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa okungafani kwemigomo ye-limbic subcortical ngokuphathelene nezinhlelo zokulawula phansi ngesikhathi sokukhula ekuhlosaneni nasebuntwaneni nasekukhuleni.

I-Dopamine neurons endaweni ye-ventral tegmental umlilo ngokushesha kumazinyo ezincane kunabantu abadala (2012) - Izingcaphuno:

Ekuphetheni, i-VTA i-dopamine neurons iyashesha umlilo ngokushesha, mhlawumbe ngoba i-GABA ithoni yanda njengoba amagundane efika emdala. Lokhu kuphakama kwesilinganiso sokudubula ngesikhathi sobusha kuhambisana nalokho okumelela isikhathi esengozini yokuthuthukisa ukulutha kwezidakamizwa.

Izinhlelo zokugqugquzela ebusheni: izimpendulo ezingase zibe khona ekuhlukaneni kweminyaka yobudakamizwa kanye nezinye izimo zokuthatha ingozi (2010) - Izingcaphuno:

Intsha iyisigaba sokuthuthukiswa esibonakala ngokuguqulwa okuyingqayizivele ebuchosheni nasekuziphatheni. Izinsana ezihlukahlukene ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane azibonisi ukukhuphuka kokuthatha ingozi kanye noveling ukufuna ukuziphatha, kodwa futhi kubonisa ukuxhumana okuphakeme kwezenhlalo neontanga zabo. Ukuguqulwa kwesibindi ezindaweni ezithintekayo ekuxhumaniseni ukuziphatha okuphathelene nokukhuthazwa nokuzikhokhela kungase kubambe iqhaza ekuboniseni lezi zintsha-ukuziphatha okuvamile. Uhlelo lokuqala lokuvuza olukhulile noma olwedlulele, mhlawumbe oluhambisana nokuphendula okungezelelwe kwe-NAc, lungabangela ukuzwela okuthuthukisiwe kuma-hedonics amahle okuba nomvuzo phakathi naleso sigaba sokuthuthukiswa. Ubufakazi obuningi bokuziphatha bubonisa ukuthi intsha ingabonakalisa ukuzwela okweqile ezindaweni ezizenzekelayo, mhlawumbe ngokuyingxenye ngokusebenzisa izinguquko zentuthuko ezingxenyeni ze-neural zalezi zinhlelo ezifanayo zokugqugquzela, nakuba izinqubo ze-neural ezisekelwe kulezi zakhiwo eziphikisayo azizange zihlolwe ngokusesikhathini ebusheni.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Lokhu okulandelayo kuyisampuli encane yezibuyekezo zamuva kanye nezifundo ezisekela izimangalo ezinikezwe ku-Slide 31.

Imvelo kanye nokukhushulwa ngaphandle kwesikhungo somvuzo wobuchopho (2012) - Izingcaphuno:

Bafinyelela eziphethweni ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, ifa lofuzo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwe ngabanye kithi okuyingqayizivele kunethonya elibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-dopamine ku-striatum. "Lokhu kuvame ukuhlangenwe nakho okwenzeka esikhathini esizayo ekuphileni, ekukhuleni noma ekukhuleni," kuchaza uStekes. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izici endaweni yemvelo, njengokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlanganyela ekhaya nokukhula ndawonye, ​​kunethonya elincane noma elingenalo.

Okwesibili, i-limbic striatum - ingxenye emaphakathi yokuvuza nokugqugquzela - ithinteka kakhulu kulokho okwenzekile kunezinye izingxenye. Lokhu kuphakamisa, ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuthi isikhungo senjabulo nokuziphatha esikukhombisayo kuklanywa ikakhulu ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwempilo hhayi ngofuzo lwethu. Lokhu kuphonsela inselelo ukucabanga kwangaphambilini kokuthi ukusebenza kwe-dopamine kungazuzwa njengefa, okwenza izimbangela zeschizophrenia nokulutha kube yimfihlakalo nakakhulu.

Ukukhumbula Okuhle? Kungenzeka ukuthi Unquma Ukuthi Usemusha (2012) - Izingcaphuno:

Isazi sezengqondo uDkt. Steve Janssen uthe kunezinkumbulo eziningi ezitholakala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 ne-20 kunanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sokuphila. Uthe nakuba abantu kungenzeka bakhumbule ngokucacile izenzakalo ezibalulekile ezifana nomshado, ukuthenga indlu noma ukuzalwa kwengane kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sokuphila kwabo, izinkumbulo ezivela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuphila yazo ziyoba eziningi kakhulu futhi ngakho-ke zihlale zihlala njalo futhi inethonya.

I-neurovelopvelopment ye-adolescent (2013) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukuguqulwa kobuchopho obusakhulayo kuhlanganisa kokubili izinguquko eziqhubekayo nezingaguquguquki eziqondene nesifundazwe futhi zisebenzela ukucubungula ukuxhuma kobuchopho ukusebenza. Ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuvimbela okuqhubekayo ezinganqotshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingokomzwelo, ubuchopho obusha buhambisana nokusebenza okuphakanyisiwe kwezizinda eziphathelene nobuchopho, kodwa ukuzwela ukuvimbela umqondo kungase kuthintwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuguqulwa kokuthuthukiswa kwamapulasitiki asebuchosheni obuningi empilweni yokuphila kuya ekuqineni kobuchopho obuvuthiwe kusengaphezu kwesibindi se-plasticity kunokuba kubonwe umuntu omdala, mhlawumbe unikeza ithuba lokuthola ulwazi oluthile oluthonya ukudweba kwengqondo yengane.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho ngesikhathi sobusha: ulwazi lwe-neuroscience kule nkathi yokuthuthukiswa (2013) - Izingcaphuno:

Intsha iyisigaba sokuphila phakathi kokusana kwasekuseni nokukhulile. Ngokujwayelekile, intsha ifuna ukuguquka, okuhlangenwe nakho okusha, nemizwa eqinile, ngezinye izikhathi ukubeka impilo yabo engozini enkulu. Izinto ezintsha ezitholwe ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo kanye neuroscience ziveza ukuthi ukuhlelwa kabusha okuyisisekelo kobuchopho kwenzeka ekukhuleni. Ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo ngemuva kokubeletha, ubukhulu obuningi bezindaba ezimpunga bufinyeleleka kuqala ku-cortex yokuqala yesikhombisi-ndlela, futhi ukuvuthwa kwama-cortex okuqhubekayo okugcina. Izindawo zokucubungula ezicatshangelwayo, ikakhulukazi isimiso semilenze kanye nesistimu yokuvuza, ithuthuka ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke kungalingani phakathi kwentsha phakathi kwezindawo ezivuthiwe ezingaphansi kwezicucu kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kokuvuna okuvuthiwe. Lokhu kungabangela ukulandelana kwamaphethini wokuziphatha kwentsha, kufaka phakathi ukuthatha ingozi. I-plastiki ephezulu yengqondo yobuntfu ivumela izithonya zemvelo ukuba zenze imiphumela ephawulekayo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihamba phambili. Ngenkathi lokhu kwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo nokuzwela kungenzeka, kuvula nomnyango emathonyeni angabangela ukulimaza.

Ukulawulwa kokuqonda kwengane nentsha nokucutshungulwa komvuzo: izinkinga zokuthatha ingozi nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (2013) - Izingcaphuno:

Ubusha buyisikhathi esiyingqayizivele, sesikhashana sokukhula komuntu. Lapho uphawu lwangalesi sikhathi ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo (okuhlobene nezingane) ekulawuleni ukuqonda, amakhono engqondo ayisisekelo anika amandla 'phezulu-phansi', ukulawula okungapheli kokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinga lokushintshela ebusheni liya emazingeni asebekhulile (asebekhulile) okusebenza, imikhawulo isekhona ekhonweni lokulawula ngokungaguquguquki nangokuguquguqukayo kwizimo ezahlukahlukene kuya emashumini amabili eminyaka. Ubusha buphawulwa ngamanani aphakeme emizwa, ubusha, kanye nokuziphatha okufuna imivuzo okucatshangwa ukuthi kuvela ekukhuleni okujwayelekile ekuphenduleni kwezakhi zobuchopho ze-limbic kanye ne-paralimbic, kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthomba. Ukuvuthwa kwe-asynchronous kulezi zinhlelo ngesikhathi sobusha kungenzeka kube nomthelela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezingavuthiwe, kuthonywe kakhulu izinqubo zemivuzo ye-'phansi-phezulu ', futhi kungasiza ekuchazeni ukwanda okwenziwe ebungozini bokuziphatha ngesikhathi sobusha. Kuleli phepha, ukuvuthwa kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zobuchopho ezisekela umvuzo kanye nokulawulwa kokulawulwa kokuqonda kubuyekezwa njengendlela yokuqonda kangcono ukuthatha ingozi. Ukugcizelelwa ikakhulukazi kubekwa ekuhlolweni kwentsha nezidakamizwa njengesibonelo esithile sokuziphatha okuyingozi.

Ubuchopho bentsha empeleni bunamathele ekufuneni imivuzo (2014) - Izingcaphuno:

"Ucwaningo lwamanje luphindaphinda ucwaningo lwethu lwangaphambilini lokuthi ubuchopho bentsha buyaphendula futhi buyabusiseka kakhulu ekuzuzeni uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala kanye nezingane ezincane," kusho uGalvan, isazi sezinzwa e-University of California, eLos Angeles, umholi wesifundo esichazwe kabanzi ngoMsombuluko ku umagazini i-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

I-Neurobiology Yezinto Ezisakhulayo Zokusetshenziswa Nokunciphisa Izingozi: Ukuthinteka Ukuvimbela Nokunakekelwa (2014) - Izingcaphuno:

Intsha iyinkathi yezinguquko eziguquguqukayo ze-biologic, kwengqondo, nokuziphatha. I-adolescence nayo ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izinguquko zentuthuko emigwaqweni ye-neural yokucubungula umvuzo, isisusa, ukulawulwa kwengqondo nokucindezeleka kungabangela ekutheni kube khona amazinga okukhula okubandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuziphatha okungekho emthethweni okuziphatha kabi. Amamodeli wamanje we-biologic ekukhusheni kwentsha yokulutha ukufaka izidakamizwa afaka idatha ekhona mayelana nokushintsha kwe-allostatic emsebenzini nokuhlelwa kwesistimu ye-dopaminergic ye-midbrain, ukungasebenzi kwe-neuroplasticity ehambisana nokucindezeleka, nokungalingani kokukhula phakathi kokulawulwa kwengqondo nokubuyiswa kwemiphumela. Ukuqonda okuthuthukisiwe kwe-neurobiology yokukhulelwa nokulutha umlutha kunomthelela wokucubungula ukuhlola, ukuthuthukisa amasu okuvikela nokungenela, nokwazisa inqubomgomo yomphakathi.

Ukungahambisani kahle nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ngesikhathi sokukhula (2015) - Izingcaphuno:

Izifunda zobuchopho bomuntu zikhula ngamazinga ahlukene eminyakeni engamashumi amabili yokuqala yokuphila, ezinye zikhula ngaphambi kwabanye. Kucatshangwe ukuthi ukungahambisani nesikhathi sokuvuthwa phakathi kwezifunda ezingaphansi (okubandakanyeka ekuthintekeni nasekucutshungulweni komvuzo) nasezifundeni zangaphambili (okubandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukuqonda) kusisekelo sokwanda kokuziphatha kokuthatha ubungozi nokufuna imizwa okubonwe ngesikhathi sobusha. Ukusekelwa okuningi kwale 'hypothesis system' hypothesis kuncike emininingwaneni enqamulelayo, futhi akwaziwa ukuthi ngabe leli phethini likhona ezingeni ngalinye …… Uma sihlanganiswa, kubonakala sengathi ukungahambelani kahle kokukhula kokuvuthwa kobuchopho kutholakala ekukhuleni kwe-neurotypically ngabanye.

Izinguquko ze-longitudinal ekuthathweni kwezinshuwalense zentsha: isifundo esiphezulu sezimpendulo ze-neural ukuze kuvuzwe, ukuthuthukiswa kokushicilelwa, nokuziphatha okubungozi (2015) - Izingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo olwandulele luye lwaqokomisa ukukhulelwa njengenkathi yokwandisa ingozi, okuyinto ehlelwa ngenxa yendlela yokuvuza engasebenzi kakhulu ebuchosheni ....

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-longitudinal kuqinisekisile iphethini leminyaka ye-quadratic yomsebenzi we-nucleus accumbens ukuze kuvuzwe (ukugubungela ebusheni), futhi iphethini efanayo ye-quadratic itholakale ekuthathweni kwe-laboratory (BART). Uguquko lomsebenzi we-Nucleus accumbens luhlobene nokushintshwa kobufakazi be-testosterone kanye nokuzizwa komvuzo (BAS Drive). Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-longitudinal kunikeza ukuqondisisa okusha kokungena engozini kanye nokuvuza ukuzwela ebusheni: (1) eqinisekisa ukukhula kwentsha ekusebenzeni kwe-nucleus accumbens, futhi (i-2) ebeka indima ebalulekile kumahomoni ashicilelweyo kanye nokuhlukana okuhlukile ekuthambekeni kokuthatha ingozi.

I-neuroscience ye-adolescence yokulutha: Isikhathi esisha (i-2015) - Izingcaphuno:

Sekuyisikhathi eside i-adolescence ibonakala njengesikhathi sokushintsha okukhulu emzimbeni nasekuziphatheni. Muva nje kubonakala njengesikhathi sokushintsha okuphawulekayo ebuchosheni kanye. Ukuqhubekela phambili kwezobuchwephesha obuchwepheshe be-neuroimaging ubuye kwazisa ulwazi lwe-anatomy ne-physiology yocwaningo olukhulayo olwandayo.

Izindlela eziningi eziningana ezisebenzisa i-imagery magontic resonance imaging (MRI) ukuveza ukuvuthwa kobuchopho kwentsha empilweni nasekuguleni, okuvame ukuhlanganiswa nezakhi zofuzo kanye nezinyathelo eziqhubekayo zokuziphatha nezendalo, ziqala ukuveza ukuthi kungani ukukhula kuyisikhathi sobabili kanye nengozi .

Ngesikhathi sobusha ubuchopho abukhuli ngokuba mkhulu futhi bukhulu. Ikhula ngokuba okuxhunyaniswe kakhulu futhi ekhethekile kakhulu.

Ukuxhumana okukhulayo, noma ukukhulumisana phakathi kwezifunda zengqondo ezingafani ezihlanganisa ubukhulu obuphezulu obuhlanganisiwe bezifunda ze-neural, kuboniswa ngezindlela eziningi kanye namazinga okuphenywa. Ucwaningo lwezinto ezinomthelela wesikhathi eside lubonisa ukwakheka koxhumano oluqinile lwe-synaptic phakathi nentsha. Ukubambisana okukhulu kakhulu komsebenzi kagesi (izinga lomsebenzi endaweni eyodwa kungahle libikezelwe ukusuka komunye umsebenzi) kuboniswa izifundo ezisebenzisa i-EEG. Ngokufanayo, iziqu ze-FMRI ezihlola igazi-oxygenation nazo zibonisa indlela ejwayelekile yokusebenzisana okukhulu phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukene. Futhi izifundo ze-MRI ezihleliwe zithola ukwanda kwezinto ezimhlophe ivolumu ngesikhathi sokukhula kubonisa ukugcotshwa nokunyuka okuhambisanayo ngejubane lokukhulumisana kwama-neural.

Ukucaciswa okwenyuka kwengqondo yobuntsha kuboniswa ngokungaqondile njengokunciphisa imithwalo yemigundane ye-grey ngesikhathi seminyaka eyishumi, nakuba umsebenzi oqhubekayo uqhubeka wenziwa ukuze uqonde izinqubo zamangqamuzana nezincane ezincike kulokho okushiwo. Ukwandisa ukuxoshwa, okungahle kufane nomdwebo we-voxel we-MRI emngceleni ongaphakathi we-cortex kusuka ku-gray kuya kumhlophe, ubheke ezinye "ukunciphisa" emgqeni wezindaba ezimpunga, kodwa uguqule ubufakazi obuvela ekufundeni kokufa kwe-postem kanye nokungahambisani kahle kwesifunda phakathi Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa zezindaba ezimpunga nemhlophe zibonisa ukuthi ezinye izinqubo zinegalelo. Izinga elithi "ukusika izihlahla" ze-synapses kunomthelela ekunciphiseni umthamo we-grey ingaziwa. Lo ngumbuzo obalulekile okumele uxazulule ukuze ukhanyise umqondo ongciniwe wokuthi ulwazi olunikezwa yi-phenomenon yokuxhumana okumbalwa kodwa okusheshayo / okusheshayo. Ukuqonda izindlela kuyisisekelo sokuqondisa ukungenelela nokucubungula imibono yokuphenya okuzayo.

Mhlawumbe ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho kwentsha yizinga lokushintsha ngokwayo. Isici esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho obusha kuyisipulasitiki, ikhono lobuchopho lokushintsha ekuphenduleni izidingo zemvelo. Amanye ama-plasticity agcinwa kulo lonke impilo kodwa ngokuvamile kukhona i-plastic gradient yokunciphisa i-plasticis njengoba i-myelin ikhulula amaprotheni afana neNogo-A, MAG ne-OMgp okuvimbela ukuhluma kwe-axon nokudala ama-synapses amasha (Amasimu, i-2008). Kodwa-ke, abantu banesikhathi eside kakhulu sepulasitiki ephakeme esivumela ukuba sikwazi ukuvumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene. I-plasticity ehlala isikhathi eside ingase ihlobene nokuthembela isikhathi eside kwabanakekeli njengoba kunezinhlobo ezithile. Isikhathi eside sokuthembela sihlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okunzima komphakathi nokudla kokuphepha. Ngokugcina "izinketho ezivuliwe" ngokuqondene nobuchwepheshe bobuchopho, abantu bangahlola izidingo zemvelo yabo ethile futhi bathuthukise amakhono okuphila. Abantu bangaphumelela kuyo yonke indawo kusukela emapulini aseNyakatho naseNingizimu asempumalanga kuya eziqhingini ezihle kakhulu e-equator. Siye sashintsha ekushintsheni kwamasiko kanye. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule, isikhathi esincane emibhalweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, sichitha isikhathi esiningi sithola ukudla nokuhlala. Manje abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuvikela indawo yokuhlala kanye nekhalori ngesikhatsi esincane kakhulu nomzamo, okuyinto nge-epigenetic noma ezinye izici ezingase zihlobene nokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kanye nosayizi omkhulu. Esikhundleni sokuthola ukudla abaningi bethu manje basebenzisa isikhathi esiningi sisebenzisana namagama noma izimpawu. Lokhu kulungiswa okuphawulekayo okuhlinzekwa ukuthi ukufunda kuphela iminyaka engu-5000 ubudala futhi ayikho emlandweni omningi wabantu.

Ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo ngenzuzo ye-plasticity yesikhathi eside kuvela ekubonweni ukuthi ukwanda kwethu kokugcina ngobukhulu bobuchopho eminyakeni engama-500,000 edlule akuhambisani nokushisa kwezulu kodwa izinga lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa ne-Neanderthals, izihlobo zethu eziseduze zofuzo. Amanani okukhula angalinganiswa kusuka emazinyo amancane ngendlela efanayo ukuthi izindandatho zomuthi zingasetshenziswa ukuqonda izinga lokukhula kwezihlahla. Ubufakazi obuvela emazinyo ase-Neanderthal obunamafutha abonisa ukuthi babe nokuvuthwa okusheshayo okusheshayo (URamirez Rozzi noBermudez De Castro, 2004). Nakuba ubuchopho babo buba ngu-10% amakhulu futhi bakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinzima, ukusebenzisa kwabo amathuluzi akuzange kushintshe eminyakeni engama-100,000. Babengenalo ipulasitiki yesibindi kanye nokujwayela ukuzivumelanisa kwabantu.

I-plasticity yobuchopho obusakhulayo isisebenzise kahle izinhlobo zethu zezinhlobo, kodwa kufike ngentengo. Idala ukukhubazeka kanye namathuba. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izifo zengqondo ivela ngesikhathi sokukhula. Omunye kwabayishumi abasha banesifo sengqondo esizoqhubeka siba umuntu omdala. Yisikhathi esiphezulu sokuvela kwezinkinga zokukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar, ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kokudla, nokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Futhi yisikhathi esivamile kakhulu sokuqala kokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa.

I-adolescence iyaqhubeka ibonakala njengesigaba esicacile sokuthuthukiswa nge-biology ehlukile kunokuba nje isigaba esiphakathi phakathi kokukhula komuntu nokukhula kwabantu abadala.

I-Neurobiology Yezinto Zengane Yengane Enesifo Sokusetshenziswa Kokukhubazeka (i-2016) - Izingcaphuno:

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-neurobiology yokusetshenziswa kwemithi ezihlukile ekukhuleni uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Ubuchopho bentsha buhambisana nezinqubo ezivulekile zokuvuza, kodwa kushiywe uhlelo lokulawulwa kwezindlela zokuzikhethela ezivame ukungakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yemisebenzi enokuthakazelisayo efana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ngisho nalapho uqaphela ngokugcwele izingozi ezihilelekile. Izithonya zontanga zisebenza kuphela ukukhulisa le miphumela futhi zikhuthaza ukufuna ukuzwa okuningi, ukuziphatha okuyingozi. Izici eziyingqayizivele ze-neurobiology kufanele zicatshangelwe uma kwenziwa izinhlelo zokuvimbela kanye nokungenelela kwemitholampilo yokuhlukunyezwa kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

SLIDE 32

Lapho usukhulile, intsha iqinisa amasekethe asetshenziswe kakhulu futhi ithenwe ezingasetshenziswanga. Ngakho-ke - ngeminyaka engu-22 noma ngaphezulu - ukuthanda komuntu ezocansi kungafana nokujula okujulile ebuchosheni bakhe. Lokhu kungadala ukwethuka - uma esekhuphuke waya ocansini olwedlulele, noma i-porn engasafani nobulili bakhe. Ngenhlanhla, ubuchopho buyipulasitiki, futhi ukuthanda kungabuyela emuva ngemuva kokuba umfana eyeke izithombe ezingcolile.

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Lesi slide sinezicelo ezimbili:

  1. I-adolescents iqinisa ukuxhuma kakhulu kwe-neural (synapses) futhi isuse (noma ithule) izigidigidi ze-synapses esetshenziswa kancane.
  2. Abasebenzisi be-porn abasebasha bangakhuphukela ocansini olwedlulele, noma i-porn engasafani nobunikazi babo bokuqala bobulili (noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kungashintsha ukuthambekela kobulili okuyisisekelo)

Isimangalo sokuqala - sokuthi intsha iqinisa kakhulu ukuxhumana kwe-neural (ama-synapses) futhi isuse (noma ithule) izigidigidi zama-synapses asetshenzisiwe - isekelwa kahle ezifundweni zabantu nezilwane. Bona isilayidi esedlule ukuze uthole ukusekelwa.

Ukusekelwa kwesimangalo # 2: ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi abasebancane be-porn bahlangabezana nokujwayela futhi badlulele ezinhlotsheni noma izinhlobo “ezeqisayo” ezingahambisani nezintandokazi zoqobo zocansi (kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kungashintsha ubulili obuyisisekelo)

Okokuqala, okuncane komongo wesicelo #2. Ku-2011, akukho sifundo esasicelile ngokuqondile abasebenzisi be-porn mayelana nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kocansi noma ukuthanda izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (noma ukuguqulwa kwazo). Ngakho-ke bathi abasebenzisi be-intanethi be-intanethi bangalokothi baqhubekele futhi bakhethe izinhlobo ezingazange zishintshe, bezingekho ukwesekwa noma ukusekelwa kwemitholampilo. Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa uthi abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bakhetha izinhlobo ezingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela abaningi ekubukeni, futhi bavuswe ngocansi, i-porn engahambisani nethempulethi yabo yangempela yezocansi. Abaphenyi bavame ukusebenzisa "inkolelo yeskripthi sezocansi" ukuqonda ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zilolonga kanjani uthando lwensizwa (ukuthola okuningi: Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye ne-Male Sexual Script: Ukuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kanye nobuhlobo bobulili, i-2014).

Ukusekelwa kwesimangalo sokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingakha izifanekiso zocansi kwavela emibikweni yokuzenzela "ukuthanda ezocansi" okubangelwa i-porn ngemuva kokuba amadoda esuse i-porn. Amakhasi alandelayo aqukethe izindaba eziningi ezinjalo.

Isimangalo sisekelwa yilokho uNorman Doidge MD abhala ngalokhu encwadini yakhe ye-2007 Ubuchopho Obushintshayo:

Isibungu samanje se-porn sinikeza ukubonisa okucacile ukuthi ukuthanda ngokocansi kungatholakala. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ezinikezwa ukuxhumeka kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi, zanelisa konke okudingekayo ukuze ushintsho lwe-neuroplastic .... Lapho abalingiswa bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile beqhayisa ukuthi baxosha imvilophu ngokuletha izingqungquthela ezintsha, ezinzima, abakushoyo ukuthi kufanele, ngoba amakhasimende abo akha ukwakha ukubekezela kokuqukethwe. Amakhasi angemuva omagazini omngcipheko wesilisa namasayithi e-porn e-intanethi agcwele izikhangiso ze-Viagra-uhlobo lwemithi yokwelashwa eyenzelwe amadoda amadala anezinkinga ze-erectile ezihlobene nokuguga nokuvinjelwa imithwalo yegazi epeni. Namuhla izinsizwa ezithinta izithombe ezingcolile ziyesaba kakhulu ukungabi namandla, noma "ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile" njengoba kubizwe nge-euphemistically. Igama elidukisayo lisho ukuthi la madoda anenkinga ekupheni kwabo, kodwa inkinga isemakhanda abo, emabalazweni abo obuchopho bobulili. I-penis isebenza kahle uma zisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Akuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kungase kube nobuhlobo phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile abazidlayo kanye nokungabi namandla abo.

Ku-2011, izifundo ezimbalwa zisekela isimangalo sokuthi abasebenzisi be-porn bajwayele izinhlobo zezintandokazi zamanje futhi baqhubekela ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezulu kakhulu:

1) Izintandokazi Zokunyathelisa Kusetshenziswa I-Pornography (1986) - Amaviki ayisithupha okuchayeka ezithombeni ezingcolile ezingenabudlova kuholele ekutheni izihloko zingabi nandaba ne-vanilla porn, zikhethe ukubuka kuphela "izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingajwayelekile" (ubugqila, isadomasochism, isilwane). Ingcaphuno:

Abafundi abesilisa nabesifazane kanye nabangenalo ithemba bavezwa ngehora elilodwa lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingekho emthethweni noma ezokungcola ngokobulili nangenhlamba emasontweni ayisithupha okulandelanayo. Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kwalokhu ukwelashwa, banikezwa ithuba lokubuka ama-videotapes esimweni sangasese. Izilinganiso ezilinganiselwe ngu-G, zilinganisiwe futhi zi-X zilinganisiwe. Izihloko ezinokubonwa ngaphambili kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile azibonanga isithakazelo esincane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, ezingakhethi, ezikhetha ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingavamile (ubugqila, sadomasochism, bestiality) esikhundleni salokho. Amadoda angenaso isifiso sokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile azidle izithombe ezingcolile ezingavamile. Abafundi besilisa babonisa iphethini efanayo, nakuba bekungathí sina kakhulu. Lokhu okukhethwa kukho kokusetshenziswa kwakubuye kubonakale kwabesifazane, kodwa kwakuncane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabafundi besifazane.

2) I-Dual Control Model - Indima Yokuvimbela Ngokocansi & Ukuzijabulisa Ekuvusweni Ngokobulili Nokuziphatha (2007) - Ekuhlolweni kokusebenzisa i-video ye-porn, ama-50% wezinsizwa awakwazanga ukuvuswa noma ukufeza ukuvinjelwa nge i-porn (isilinganiso seminyaka yayingu-29). Abacwaningi abashaqisayo bathola ukuthi ukungasebenzi kwamadoda erectile kwaba,

ehlobene namazinga aphezulu okuvezwa nokuzwa ngezici zobulili ezicacile.

Amadoda abhekene nokusebenza kabi kwe-erectile ayesebenzise isikhathi esiningi emiphongolweni nasezindlini zokugeza lapho i-porn "yonke indawo, "Futhi"udlala ngokuqhubekayo.”Abaphenyi bathi:

Izingxoxo nezihloko zaqinisa umqondo wethu wokuthi kwezinye zazo ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-eerotica kubonakala sengathi kuye kwaholela ekuthwalweni okuphansi kwe "vanilla sex" i-eerotica kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezintsha nezokushintshashintsha, kwezinye izimo zihlangene nesidingo sokucacisa kakhulu izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuvusa ukuze zivuswe.

Ingcaphuno elandelayo ithathwe encwadini “I-Psychophysiology Yezocansi, Isahluko: Imodeli Yokulawula Okubili: Indima yokuvimbela ucansi nokuzijabulisa ekuvusweni nasekuziphatheni ngokocansi.”Umshicileli: Indiana University Press, Abahleli: Erick Janssen, kk. 197-222 (isixhumanisi esahlukweni):

Njengengxenye yocwaningo lwethu ngokuthatha ubungozi kwezocansi, olwethulwe ekuqaleni kwaleli phepha, simeme imibuzo yethu yemibuzo nezingxoxo nathi ukuthi zibambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwe-psychophysiological (UJanssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2006). Ngenxa yokubanzima kokutholakele kokuqala kocwaningo lokwethuka, esikhundleni salokho sathatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa ukwakheka kwesifundo sethu sokuqala selabhorethri kumodeli yokulawula okubili (uJanssen et al., 2002b).

Lapho sisebenzisa lo mklamo (ngezinhlobo ezimbili zefilimu yezocansi, ukuphazamiseka nokusebenza kwesidingo) kulesi sampuli esisha, noma kunjalo, sihlangabezane nesinye isenzakalo esingalindelekile, kepha esihehayo. Amadoda ayishumi nambili, noma cishe ama-50% ezihloko zokuqala ezingama-25 (iminyaka yobudala = iminyaka engama-29), azange aphendule kuzimo zocansi (okungukuthi, ukuqina kwe-penile okungaphansi kuka-5% kwiziqeshana zefilimu ezingezona ezamandla; Amadoda ayi-8 ayenobunzima obungu-0%) . Lokhu, ngokwazi kwethu, ngesinye sezifundo ezimbalwa ze-psychophysiological lapho abesilisa babamba khona iqhaza ababeqashwa emphakathini - thina, kusuka ezindlini zokugeza, emitholampilo ye-STD, ezindaweni zokuphuza utshwala, njalonjalo.

Kwezinye zalezi zindawo, izinto ezithinta ezocansi (kufaka phakathi izikrini zamavidiyo) zikuyo yonke indawo, futhi lokhu, kuhlanganiswe namazwana avela kubahlanganyeli mayelana nokushoda kwezisusa ezithandekayo, ezikhethekile ("niche"), noma ezedlulele kakhulu noma "kinky", ezisenze cabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi inani eliphakeme ngokungajwayelekile labangaphenduli lingahlobana namazinga aphezulu okuchayeka nokuhlangenwe nakho ngezinto ezibeka obala ezocansi. Izingxoxo nezihloko zaqinisa umbono wethu wokuthi kwezinye zazo ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-eerotica kubonakala sengathi kuholele ekuphenduleni okuphansi "kwe-vanilla sex" erotica kanye nesidingo esandayo sobusha nokuhlukahluka, kwezinye izimo kuhlanganiswe nesidingo esithile izinhlobo zezinto ezishukumisayo ukuze uvuswe.

Siphinde sahlela kabusha isifundo futhi sanquma ukuqeda ukuphazamiseka nokusebenza kwesidingo sokubandakanya kanye nokufaka iziqeshana ezintsha, ezahlukahlukene, kanye neziqeshana zamafilimu ezinde. Futhi, esikhundleni sokwethula izihloko ngeqoqo lamavidiyo akhethwe kusengaphambili ("akhethwe ngumcwaningi"), sibavumela bazikhethele iziqeshana ezimbili ngokwabo kusethi engu-10, okuboniswe ukubuka kuqala kwayo kwamasekhondi ayi-10 futhi okubandakanya uhla olubanzi lwezocansi isimilo (isb. ubulili beqembu, ubulili bezinhlanga ezithile, i-S & M, njll.). Siphinde saqasha ezinye izifundo ze-51 futhi sathola ukuthi ngokwakhiwa okuthuthukile namanje amadoda angama-20, noma cishe ama-25%, awaphendulanga kahle kuma-video clip ezocansi (ukuqina kwe-penile okungaphansi kuka-10% ukuphendula ifilimu ende ekhethwe yibo).

Senze ukuhlaziywa kwemigomo yokuhlola ukucacisa ukuthi abaphenduli abaphezulu bangahlukaniswa yini nabaphenduli abaphansi abasebenzisa iminyaka yobudala, ubuhlobo bobulili, i-SES, i-SIS1, i-SIS2, isipiliyoni samavidiyo ashukumisayo, ubunzima be-erectile abazibikezelayo, kanye nezingozi zobulili ezithathwa njengezinguquko zokuhlela. Imodeli yokulawula ibandlulula kakhulu phakathi kwamaqembu amabili (÷ 2 (8) = 22.26, p <.01; bona Ithebula 2), echaza u-39% womehluko. Bebonke abangama-78% ababambe iqhaza bahlukaniswe kahle (z = 4.61, p <.001), ngamanani wokushaya we-82% aphezulu kanye nama-59% wabaphenduli abaphansi (ps <.01). Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi umhlanganyeli ubesengozini enkulu yokuhlukaniswa njengomphenduli ophakeme njengoba iminyaka yakhe yehla futhi ama-SES akhe kanye nobungozi bezocansi athola izikolo zanda. Abahlanganyeli bobungqingili babenamathuba amaningi okuhlukaniswa njengabaphenduli abaphansi kunababambiqhaza abesilisa nabesifazane. Ekugcineni, ukuhlaziywa kuphakanyiswe ukuthi njengoba inani lamafilimu ezocansi abonwe ngonyaka odlule landa umuntu obambe iqhaza kungenzeka abekwe njengomphenduli ophansi.

Ngo-2011, ucwaningo oluningi lwalusikisele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuthonya zombili izimo zengqondo nokuziphatha kocansi. Ngokufanayo, idlanzana lezifundo lalihlolile ukuthi ngabe i-porn ibumbe izifanekiso zabasebenzisi bezocansi ("inkolelo yesikripthi sezocansi"). Izifundo ezilandelayo ziphakamisa ukuthi i-porn yenze lokho nje:

Ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithonya ukuziphatha ngokocansi kwabafati abasebasha? (I-2003) - Ingcaphuno:

Abesifazane abasebasha (n = 1,000), bevakashela umtholampilo wokuhlela umndeni eStockholm, eSweden, baphendula imibuzo ephathelene nokuziphatha kwabo ngokobulili nokuthi babone izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Abangu-4 kwabangu-5 basebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kanti ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zalabo bakholelwa ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithinte ukuziphatha kwabo ngokobulili. Abaningi abangu-47% abaye babhekana nokulala ngokobulili, okwakudlula kakhulu kubantu besifazane abadala (i-51%) kunabasha (31%). Iningi lalabo abathandekayo ukulala ngokobulili njengento engafanele.

Ukuziphatha ngokocansi phakathi kwezinsizwa eSweden kanye nomthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile (2004) - Ingcaphuno:

Inhloso bekungukuphenya ngokuziphatha kwezocansi phakathi kwezinsizwa (n = 300), ngivakashele umtholampilo wezitho zobulili eSenland, ngigxile kumthelela wezithombe zocansi. Cishe konke, ama-98% athi angabobulili obuhlukile. Konke, ama-99% asebenzise izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi u-53% wezwa ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithinte indlela yabo yokuziphatha ngokocansi.

Izinhlangano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nezenzo zocansi phakathi kwentsha eSweden (2005) - Ingcaphuno:

Amadoda amaningi (98%) kunabesifazane (72%) abake badla izithombe zocansi…. Abathengi abaphezulu besilisa abaningi kunabathengi abaphansi noma abesifazane bavuswa ngocansi, bacatshangelwa, noma bazama ukwenza izinto ezibonwe kwifilimu yezocansi.

Izinhlangano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwabantu abadala abasezikhungweni ezibonakalayo zobulili kanye nokuthandwa kwabo ngokocansi, ukuziphatha, nokwaneliseka (2011) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukuthi amazinga ezinto ezisetshenziswa ngocansi (SEM) asetshenziswa kanjani ngesikhathi sobusha nasebudaleni ahlanganiswa kanjani nezinto ezithandwa ngocansi, ukuziphatha ngokocansi, nokwaneliseka kwezocansi nobudlelwano…. Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM nenombolo yezinhlobo ze-SEM ezibukwayo zombili zihlotshaniswa nezintandokazi eziphakeme zocansi zezinhlobo zezenzo zocansi ezilethwa ku-SEM.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Ukusekelwa okubuyekeziwe kwesimangalo sokuthi abanye abasebenzisi be-porn bangathola ukujwayela noma bakhuphukele ezinhlotsheni noma “izinhlobo ezeqisayo” ezingahambisani nezintandokazi zoqobo zocansi (kepha ezingaguquli ukuma okuyisisekelo)

Okokuqala siqala ngezifundo ze-4 ezazibuza ngokuqondile abasebenzisi be-porn mayelana nokukhuphuka zibe izinhlobo ezintsha noma ezingaphezulu kakhulu ze-porn. Konke kusekela izimangalo ezivezwe ku-Slide 32:

I-1) Lesi bekuyisifundo sokuqala ukubuza abasebenzisi be-porn ngqo mayelana nokukhula: “Imisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi: Ucwaningo lokuhlolisisa lwemikhakha yokusetshenziswa enenkinga futhi engekho inkinga kwisampula yamadoda "(2016). Ukucwaninga kubika ukukhula, njengoba i-49% yamadoda ibikile ukubukela izithombe ezingcolile ezingakaze zithandeke kubo ngaphambili noma ukuthi zike zibheke njengezinengiso. Ingcaphuno:

Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye okukhulunywa ngawo okungenani ngezinye izikhathi afuna okuqukethwe kocansi noma ahileleke kuma-OSA angakaze athakazelise ngaphambili noma ukuthi ayebhekwa njengento enengekayo.

Lolu cwaningo lwaseBelgium lwathola nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn okuyinkinga kwe-Intanethi kwakuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi owehlisiwe we-erectile futhi kunciphise ukwaneliseka okuphelele kwezocansi. Noma kunjalo abasebenzisi be-porn abanenkinga babhekana nezifiso ezinkulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-20.3% wabahlanganyeli uthe isizathu esisodwa sokusebenzisa kwabo i-porn "ukugcina ukuvuka nomlingani wami." (OSA's = online online activity, which was porn for 99% of subjects) Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo lungolokuqala ukuphenya ngqo ubudlelwano phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi nokubandakanyeka okuyinkinga kuma-OSA. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi isifiso sobulili esiphakeme, ukwaneliseka okuphansi kocansi, nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile kuhlotshaniswa nama-OSA anenkinga (imisebenzi yezocansi online). Le miphumela ingaxhunyaniswa naleyo yezifundo zangaphambilini ezibika izinga eliphakeme lokuvuka ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zokulutha ngokocansi (IBancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).

I-2) Ucwaningo lwe-2017 lucele abasebenzisi be-porn ngqo mayelana nokubekezela kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxisa: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zobulili Ezingcolile (PPCS) (2017) - Leli phepha lakha futhi lahlola i-questionnaire yokusebenzisa inkinga ye-porn eyayihlolisiswa ngemuva kwemibuzo yemibuzo yokulutha izidakamizwa. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini kokulutha kwezidakamizwa, le mibuzo yemibuzo engu-18 ihlolwe ukubekezelelana nokukhula ngemibuzo elandelayo ye-3:

  • Ngangibheka kancane kancane "izithombe ezingcolile" ezingcolile, ngoba izithombe zobulili ezingcolile engangizibuka ngaphambili zazinganelisekanga kakhulu.
  • Nganginomuzwa wokuthi ngidinga izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingaphezulu ukuze ngifeze izidingo zami.
  • Nganginomuzwa wokuthi kwakudingeka ngibukele izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphezulu nakakhulu ukuze ngithole ukwaneliseka.

Umbuzo ngamunye ulandelwe kusukela kokuya kwesinye kuya kweyisikhombisa esikalini se-Likert: 1- Awukho, i-2- Ngokuvamile, i-3- Ngezinye izikhathi, i-4- Ngezinye izikhathi, i-5- Ngokuvamile, i-6- Ngokuvamile, i-7- Yonke isikhathi. Ngokusobala, abanye abasebenzisi be-porn babika kokubili ukukhula nokubekezela.

3) Ukusetshenziswa okungekho kokulawula kwe-intanethi ngezinhloso zocansi njengokulutha kokuziphatha? Ucwaningo oluzayo (olwethulwe engqungqutheleni yesi-4 Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokuluthwa Kokuziphatha, ngoFebhuwari 20-22, 2017) nalo libuze ngqo ngokubekezelelana nokuhoxa. Ithole bobabili "abayimilutha yezocansi".

Kukhona ingxabano eqhubekayo noma ngabe ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokocansi kufanele kuqondwe njengendlela yokuziphatha kabi komzimba (Karila, Wéry, Weistein et al., 2014). Ucwaningo lwamanje lwekhwalithi luhlose ukuhlaziya izinga lokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwe-intanethi ngezinjongo zocansi (OUISP) kungabhalwa umqondo wokulutha ukuziphatha phakathi kwalabo bantu ababeselashwa ngenxa ye-OUISP yabo.

Senze izingxoxo ngokujulile nabahlanganyeli be-21 abaneminyaka engu-22-54 (iminyaka engu-Mage = i-34.24). Ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa okuqakathekileko, izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-OUISP zahlaziywa ngemigomo yokulutha ukuziphatha, ngokugxila ngokukhethekile ekubekezeleni nasekuzikhanyeni (Griffiths, 2001).

Ukuziphatha okunzima okubuhlungu kwakuwukusetshenziswa kokulawula izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (OOPU). Ukwakha ukubekezelelana ku-OOPU kubonakala njengesikhathi esengeziwe esichithwa kumawebhusayithi okuzihlambalaza kanye nokufuna isisho esisha esicacile sobulili ngaphakathi kwe-spectrum engaphenduki. Izimpawu zokuhoxiswa zazibonakalisa ezingeni le-psychosomatic futhi zathatha uhlobo lokufuna izinto ezihlukile zobulili. Abahlanganyeli abayishumi nesishiyagalolunye bafezekisa zonke izinqubo zokulutha umlutha.

Amaphepha amathathu asikisela ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn abangenazo izithakazelo ze-pedophilic bangase baqhubekele ekubukeni izithombe ezingcolile ezinganeni.

I-4) Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo lwe-2016 lubeka ukungabaza kulokho kucabanga ukuthi ukuthanda izinto zocansi kuzinzile maqondana nezithombe zocansi ze-intanethi zanamuhla (zokusakaza): Imidiya ecacile ngokocansi Isebenzisa ubulili: Ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathaniswa kwamaGay, abesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane base-United States. Umbhalo ovela kulolu cwaningo:

Lokhu okutholakele kuphinde kwabonisa ukuthi amadoda amaningi abheka okuqukethwe kwezocansi (SEM) okungahambisani nobunikazi babo obucacisiwe. Kwakungavamile ukuthi amadoda akhonjwe ngokobulili obuhlukile abike ukuthi abuka i-SEM equkethe ukuziphatha kobulili obufanayo (i-20.7%) kanye nabesilisa abaziwa ngobungqingili ukuthi babike ukubuka ukubuka kwabantu bobulili obufanayo ku-SEM (55.0%)

Izifundo ezine ezingenhla zisekela ngokugcwele iSlide 32 ngenkathi sikhohlisa isimangalo esivame ukuphindaphindwa sokuthi abasebenzisi be-porn banamuhla ekugcineni "bathola ubulili babo beqiniso" ngokusesha amasayithi amashubhu, bese banamathela ohlotsheni olulodwa kuphela lwe-porn sonke isikhathi. Kusetshenziswa izindlela nezindlela ezahlukahlukene, iqembu lezifundo ezahlukahlukene libike ukujwayela "i-porn ejwayelekile" kanye nokwanda kwezinhlobo ezeqisa kakhulu nezingajwayelekile:

1) Ukwakhiwa kobuchopho nokuxhumana okusebenzayo Okuhlangene Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ukusetshenziswa: I-Brain ku-Porn (UKuhn noGallinat, 2014) - Lolu cwaningo lweMax Planck Institute fMRI luthole udaba oluncane kohlelo lokuvuza (i-dorsal striatum) ehambisana nenani le-porn elidliwe. Iphinde yathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kuhambisana nokusebenza okuncane kokuvuselelwa kwesifunda ngenkathi kubukwa kafushane izithombe zocansi. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi okutholakele kwabo kukhombise ukungafuneki, futhi nokubekezelelana, okuyisidingo sokukhuthaza okukhulu ukufeza ileveli efanayo yokuvuka. Umbhali oholayo uSimone Kühn uthe okulandelayo mayelana nesifundo sakhe:

Lokho kungasho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokweqile kudonsa uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo. Sicabanga ukuthi izihloko ezinezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ezingcolile zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo ukuthola inani elifanayo lomvuzo. Lokho kungafanelana ngokuphelele ne-hypothesis ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zomvuzo zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo.

2) Intsha, isimo sokubheka kanye nokukhathalela ukunakekelwa kocansi (I-2015). Ucwaningo lwe-fMRI lwe-Cambridge University luchaze ukujwayela okukhulu kobulili kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile. Ingcaphuno kusukela ku-press release ehlobene:

Bathola ukuthi uma izidakamizwa zobulili zibuka isithombe esifanayo socansi ngokuphindaphindiwe, uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo abhekana nokwehla okukhulu komsebenzi esifundeni sobuchopho owaziwa ngokuthi i-rorsal anterior cingulate cortex, eyaziwa ukuthi ihileleke ekulindeni imivuzo nokuphendula izenzakalo ezintsha. Lokhu kuhambisana 'nokujwayela', lapho umlutha uthola khona ukuvuselela okufanayo okuncane kakhulu - isibonelo, isiphuzo sekhofi singathola i-caffeine 'buzz' esitokisini sawo sokuqala, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baphuza kakhulu ikhofi, amancane buzz iba.

Lokhu kusebenza okufanayo kwendabuko kwenzeka emadodeni enempilo aboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ividiyo efanayo ye-porn. Kodwa uma bebuka ividiyo entsha, izinga lesithakazelo nokuvusa libuyela ezingeni langempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ukuvimbela ukujwayela, umlutha wezocansi uzodinga ukufundwa njalo kwezithombe ezintsha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukujwayela kungase kuqhubekele ukucinga izithombe zeveli.

"Izinto esizifunayo zisebenza ngokukhethekile emlandweni wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili," kusho uDkt. Voon. "Akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela ukubheja ngokocansi endaweni yokuqala futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bajwayele ukubheja ngokweqile kunabanye, kodwa ukubonakala okungapheli kwezithombe zocansi ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi kusiza ukondla umlutha wabo, okwenze kube ngaphezulu futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubaleka. "

3) Ukushintshashintsha kwamathuba amahle okwenziwa sekwedlule isikhathi ngezithombe zocansi kubasebenzisi bezinkinga nezilawuli ezingahambelani "nokulutha kwezocansi (Prause et al., 2015.) Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli "abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kocansi" babe nakho aphansi izimpendulo zobuchopho ekuvezweni komzuzwana owodwa ezithombeni ze-vanilla porn. Ukufundwa okuphansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi izifundo azinaki kangako izithombe. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ababevame ukungazithandi izithombe ze-vanilla porn. Babenesithukuthezi (bejwayele noma bengenasizungu). Amaphepha ayisikhombisa abuyekezwa ngontanga avumelana nalokhu ukuhlaziywa okubanzi ukuthi lolu cwaningo luthole ukuxoshwa / ukujwayele kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezivamile: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

4) Izinyathelo Eziqaphelayo Nezingezona Zenhliziyo Yokuzizwa: Ingabe Ziyakhathaza Ngokuvame Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingcolile? (I-2017) - Ucwaningo luhlolisise izimpendulo zabasebenzisi be-porn (ukufundwa kwe-EEG ne-Startle Response) ezithombeni ezahlukahlukene ezikhuthaza imizwelo - kufaka phakathi i-erotica. Ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi okutholakele okubili kukhombisa ukujwayela kwabasebenzisi be-porn abavame kakhulu. Izingcaphuno:

I-4.1. Ukulinganisa okucacile

Ngokuthakazelisayo, iqembu eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile lilinganise imifanekiso engabonakali njengento engathandeki kuneqembu eliphakathi. Abalobi basikisela ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa ngenxa yemvelo "ye-soft-core" yezithombe "ezibukeka" eziqukethwe ku-database ye-IAPS hhayi ukuhlinzeka izinga lokuvuselela okungase lifune, njengoba liboniswe nguHarper noHodgins [58] ukuthi ngokubukwa njalo kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile, abantu abaningi bavame ukuqhubekela phambili ekubukeni izinto eziqinile ukuze balondoloze izinga elifanayo lokuvukela umzimba. Isigaba esithi "esimnandi" sinezilinganiso ze-valence yizo zonke amaqembu amathathu okufanele afane nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokusebenzisa iqembu njengezithombe njengento engavamile kakhulu kunamanye amaqembu. Lokhu kungabuye kube ngenxa yemifanekiso "enhle" evezwe engabakhuthazi ngokwanele kubantu abasebenzisa iqembu eliphezulu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukulawulwa kwemvelo ekusetshenzisweni kokuqukethwe okuphazamisayo ngenxa yemiphumela yokuhlala kubantu abavame ukufuna ukwaziswa kocansi [3, 7, 8]. Kuyizingxabano zabalobi ukuthi lo mphumela ungaba nemiphumela yemiphumela ebonwe.

I-4.3. I-Startle Reflex Ukumiswa Kwemvelo (SRM)

Isihlobo esiphezulu se-amplitude effectle ebonakalayo emaqenjini asezingeni eliphansi nokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile angachazwa yilabo abaseqembu ngokuzithandela ukugwema ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, njengoba bengase bakuthole ukuthi akubi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imiphumela etholakalayo ingase ibe ngenxa yomphumela wokuhlala, lapho abantu kula maqembu bebukela izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphezu kwalokho abakusho ngokucacile-mhlawumbe ngenxa yezizathu zokuhlazeka phakathi kwabanye, njengoba imiphumela yokujwayela iye yaboniswa ukwandisa amehlo e-lookle aphikisana nezimpendulo [41, 42].

5) Ukuhlola Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokuphoqeleka Ngokocansi nokukhathazeka Ngamazwi Ahlobene Nezocansi Eqoqweni Labantu Abasebenza Ngocansi (2017) - Lolu cwaningo luphindaphinda okutholakele kwe- lolu cwaningo lwe-2014 Cambridge University lokho kwaqhathanisa ukubandlulula kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile ekulawuleni okunempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luhlobanise "iminyaka yokusebenza kocansi" ne-1) izikolo zokulutha ngokocansi kanye ne-2) imiphumela yomsebenzi wokunaka wokunaka. Phakathi kwalabo ababheka kakhulu ukulutha kocansi, bambalwa iminyaka yokuzibandakanya ngokobulili yayihlobene okukhulu ukuchema ngokunaka. Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu kwezocansi + iminyaka embalwa yesipiliyoni sobulili = izimpawu ezinkulu zokulutha (ukubhekela okukhulu, noma ukuphazamiseka). Kepha ukubhekela ukunaka kwehla kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaphoqayo, futhi kuyanyamalala kunani eliphakeme kakhulu leminyaka lokuhlangenwe nakho kocansi. Ababhali baphethe ngokuthi lo mphumela ungakhombisa ukuthi iminyaka eminingi "yezenzo zocansi eziphoqayo" iholela ekujwayeleni okukhulu noma ekunciphiseni okujwayelekile kwempendulo yenjabulo (ukungafuneki). Ingcaphuno yesiphetho:

Enye incazelo engaba yile miphumela yukuthi njengoba umuntu ocindezelekile ngokocansi enza isenzo sokucindezela ngaphezulu, ithempulethi yokuvusa ehambisanayo iqala [36-38] nokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuziphatha okudlulele okudingekayo kudingeke ukuba kube nesimo esifanayo sokuvusa. Kuphinde kuthiwa ukuthi njengoba umuntu eziphatha ngendlela ephoqelekile, ama-neuropathways ahlaziywa eminye imicikilisho ethi 'evamile' yesithombe socansi noma izithombe nabantu ngabanye baphendukela eminye imiyalezo ethi 'eyedlulele' ukuze baqaphele ukuvusa okufisayo. Lokhu kuhambisana nomsebenzi obonisa ukuthi abesilisa 'abanempilo' bajwayele ukukhuluma ngendlela ecacile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthi le nqubo ibonakala ngokunciphisa izimpendulo zokuvusa nokuzikhukhumeza [39]. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abanye abaqashile ngokocansi, abahlanganyeli ngokocansi sebebe 'bangenalutho' noma abangenandaba namazwi 'ajwayelekile' ahlobene nocansi asetshenziselwa isifundo samanje futhi njengalokho kuboniswa kwehlisa ukunakwa, kanti labo abanomthwalo wokunyuka nokuzibonela okuncane kakhulu babonisa ukuphazamiseka ngoba le nkinga ibonisa ukuqonda okungcono kakhulu.

6) I-Neural Substrates yesifiso socansi kubantu ngabanye abanezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokweqile (2015) - Lolu cwaningo lwaseKorea lwe-fMRI luphindaphinda ezinye izifundo eziningana zezinzwa kubasebenzisi be-porn: lubike amaphethini wokwenza ubuchopho obusetshenzisiwe kanye nezinguquko kwi-prefrontal cortex ekhombisa lezo ezenzeka ezidakamizweni zezidakamizwa. Ngokuhambisana nemodeli yokulutha umlutha, imilutha yezocansi yayine-cue-reactivity enkulu yezithombe zocansi, kepha yavimbela ukusebenza kobuchopho kwezinye izinhlobo zesikhuthazo esijwayelekile. Ukuphendula okuncane kwe-neural emivuzo ejwayelekile yansuku zonke kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokungafuneki.

Izifundo ezimbili ezilandelayo zathola ukuthi okungekho (okungukuthi, isilwane noma ubuncane) abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babenesiqalo esincane kakhulu omdala ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Ngokumane nje, kokubili izifundo zixhumanisa ekuqaleni kokusetshenziswa kocansi kwabantu abadala ngokukhuphukela kokunye okungaphezulu kakhulu.

6) Ngabe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziphambukayo kulandela ukuqhubekela phambili okufana nokukaGuttman? ” (2013). Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela iphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okungahambi kahle kulandela ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-Guttman ekuthi abantu abaneminyaka "encane yokuqala" yokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile babevame ukuhlanganyela ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (isilwane noma ingane) uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo "abaneminyaka yokuqala" .

I-7) "Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisebenzayo Sebenzisa: Indima Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zabantu Abaqala Ngaphambi Kokusetshenziswa Sebenzisa kanye no-Individual Differences "(2016). Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi abasebenzisi abadala bezithombe ezingcolile bezithombe ezingcolile bazuze kakhulu ukuvuleka ukuzwa futhi babika iminyaka emincane kakhulu yokuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi eziqhathaniswa nabantu abadala.

8) Ukuhlola umphumela wezinto ezicacile ngokocansi ezinkolelweni zobulili, ukuqonda kanye nemikhuba yabasilisa abasha: Ucwaningo olunembile. Imibiko yokutadisha ehambisana nekhwalithi yokukhula kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ingcaphuno:

Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi izingqikithi ezisemqoka yilezi: amazinga akhuphukile okutholakala kwe-SEM, kufaka phakathi ukukhuphuka kokuqukethwe okwedlulele (Yonke Indawo Obheka kuyo) ebonwa izinsizwa ezikulesi sifundo njengezinemiphumela engemihle kuzimo zokuziphatha kocansi nokuziphatha (Lokho Akukuhle). Imfundo yomndeni noma yezocansi inganikeza 'ukuvikelwa' (ama-Buffers) athile kuzinkambiso abantu abasha abazibona ku-SEM. Idatha iphakamisa ukubukwa okudidekile (amavesi wangempela amafantasy) azungeze okulindelwe yintsha yempilo yezocansi enempilo (Impilo Yezocansi Enempilo) kanye nezinkolelo ezifanele nokuziphatha (Ukwazi Ilungelo kokungalungile). Kuchazwa indlela engaba yimbangela futhi izindawo zokungenelela zigqanyisiwe.

10) Umkhuba ongavamile we-masturbatory njengento etiological ekuxilongweni kanye nokwelashwa kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kumadoda amasha (2014). Esinye sezifundo zamacala e-4 kuleli phepha libika ngendoda enezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi (i-libido ephansi, ama-fetish amaningi e-porn, i-anorgasmia). Ukungenelela ngokocansi kudinga ukuthi kuvalwe amasonto ayisithupha ku-porn kanye nokushaya indlwabu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-6 le ndoda yabika ukwanda kwesifiso sobulili, ucansi oluyimpumelelo kanye ne-orgasm, futhi yajabulela "imikhuba emihle yezocansi." Izingcaphuno ezivela ephepheni elibhala ukujwayela kwesiguli nokukhuphuka kulokho akuchaze njengezinhlobo ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile:

Lapho ebuzwa ngemikhuba ye-masturbatory, wabika ukuthi esikhathini esidlule wayesebenzisa ngokushaya indlwabu ngamandla nangesikhathi ebuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusukela ebusheni. Ekuqaleni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zazihlanganisa nokuzikhohlisa, ukugqilaza, ukubuswa, ukudabuka, nokubukeka kwe-masochism, kodwa ekugcineni wajwayele lezi zinto futhi wadinga izigcawu ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile, okubandakanya ubulili be-transgender, ubudlova, nobulili obudlova. Wayevame ukuthenga ama-movie angcolile angekho emthethweni ngezenzo zobulili ezinobudlova nokudlwengula nokubukisa lezo zigcawu emcabangweni wakhe wokusebenzisana ngokocansi nabesifazane. Wanciphisa kancane kancane isifiso sakhe kanye namandla akhe okucabanga futhi wehlisa imvamisa yakhe yokushaya indlwabu.

Ingcaphuno ephepheni ibhala ukutakula kwesiguli ezinkingeni zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi nezisu:

Ngokubambisana nezinhlelo zamasonto onke nomculi wezocansi, isiguli satshelwa ukuba sigweme noma yikuphi ukuvezwa okubonakalayo ngokobulili, kufaka phakathi amavidiyo, amaphephandaba, izincwadi kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-8, isiguli sabikezwa sibhekene ne-orgasm ephumelelayo kanye ne-ejaculation. Wabuye wavuselela ubuhlobo bakhe nalowo wesifazane, futhi kancane kancane waphumelela ekujabuleleni imikhuba emihle yobulili.

11)  Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016) ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwezincwadi ezihlobene nezinkinga zocansi ezibangelwa ucansi. Ebhalwe ngokubambisana odokotela baseMelika baseMelika, ukubuyekeza kunikeza imininingwane yakamuva eveza ukwanda okukhulu kwezinkinga zobusha ezisencane. Iphinde ibuyekeze izifundo ze-neurological ezihlobene nokulutha kocansi nezimo zocansi nge-inthanethi ye-porn. Odokotela bafaka imibiko emithathu yomtholampilo yama-servicemen athuthukise ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Ababili kulawa ma-servicemen amathathu baphulukise ukungasebenzi kahle kwabo ngokocansi ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kocansi ngenkathi owesithathu engakutholi ukuthuthuka okuncane njengoba engakwazanga ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kocansi. Abasebenzi ababili kwabathathu babika ukujwayela i-porn yamanje nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kocansi. I-serviceman yokuqala ichaza ukujwayela kwayo ku- "porn ezithambile" kulandelwe ukukhuphuka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezibonisa okusobala nezokukhulelwa:

Umsebenzi oneminyaka engu-20 osebenzayo owawufunwa yi-serviceman yaseCaucasia obhekene nezinkinga ekufinyeleleni i-orgasm ngesikhathi sokulala ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Kwenzeka okokuqala ngesikhathi esethunyelwa ngaphandle kwezilwandle. Wayenecala lokushaya indlwabu isikhathi esingangehora engenayo i-orgasm, futhi ipenisi yakhe yahamba engaqondakali. Ukuhlupheka kwakhe ukugcina ukulungiswa nokufeza i-orgasm kuqhubekile kulo lonke ukuthunyelwa kwakhe. Kusukela ekubuyeni kwakhe, wayengenakukwazi ukuhlaziya ngesikhathi sokulala nomyeni wakhe. Wayengakwazi ukufeza ukulungiswa kodwa akakwazanga ukugcoba, futhi emva kwe-10-15 min wayezolahlekelwa ukulungiswa kwakhe, okwakungekhona icala ngaphambi kokuba abe ne-ED.

Isiguli esivunyelwe ukushaya indlwabu njalo "iminyaka", kanye kanye noma kabili cishe cishe nsuku zonke iminyaka embalwa edlule. Wavuma ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngokugqugquzela. Njengoba ekwazi ukufinyelela e-intanethi esheshayo, wayethembele kuphela kuyizithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Ekuqaleni, "i-porn soft", lapho okuqukethwe akubandakanyi ukulala kwangempela, "wenza iphutha". Kodwa-ke, kancane kancane wayedinga izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo noma ezithinta isisu. Ubike ukuvula amavidiyo amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ubukele izingxenye ezithinta kakhulu.

I-serviceman yesibili ichaza ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokukhuphuka kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho walala nomkakhe “akusavuseleli njengakuqala”:

Umuntu oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala wase-Afrika waseMelika ujoyine i-serviceman ngeminyaka engu-17 yomsebenzi oqhubekayo osebenzayo obhekene nobunzima ekufezeni izikhathi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Ubike ukuthi lapho ezama ukulala nomkakhe, waba nenkinga ekufezeni ukulungiswa nobunzima ukulondoloza isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba abe nomzimba. Kusukela ingane yabo encane ishiya ekolishi, izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambili, wayezitholele ukushaya indlwabu kanengi ngenxa yobumfihlo obuningi. Ngaphambili wayedlala ngesonto sonke ngesonto, kodwa lokho kwanda kabili kuya kathathu ngesonto. Wayelokhu esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, kodwa lapho ejwayele ukuzisebenzisa, isikhathi eside sithatha i-orgasm ngempahla yakhe evamile. Lokhu kwaholela kuye esebenzisa ukwaziswa okuningi okucacile. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ukulala nomkakhe "kwakungashukumisi" njengangaphambili futhi ngezinye izikhathi wathola umkakhe "engeyona ekhangayo". Wenqaba ukuthi abe nalezi zindaba ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yomshado wabo. Wayenenkinga emshadweni ngoba umkakhe wayesola ukuthi wayenomshado, okwenqabela kakhulu.

13) Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokusetshenziswa Kokuqhathaniswa Kokuzilibazisa Okuvamile, Izithandani, Nokukhathazeka Ngokobulili Phakathi Kwabantwana Abesilisa AbaseSweden (2017) - Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Porn kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engu-18 bekuyinto yonke, futhi abasebenzisi be-porn abavame ukukhetha i-porn-hard. Ingabe lokhu kukhombisa ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kocansi?

Phakathi kwabasebenzisi abavamile, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezidliwe kwakuyizinkinga ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (71%) ezilandelwa yizithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (64%), kuyilapho izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ziyizinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ezikhethiwe (73%) nabasebenzisi abangenayo (36% ). Kube khona umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu okulingana abheke izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (71%, 48%, 10%) nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili (14%, 9%, 0%).

Abalobi basikisela ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuvamile zingase ziholele ekuthandeni izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile noma ezinonya:

Kuyaphawuleka nokuthi ubudlelwane obuphawulekayo obutholakala phakathi kokucabangela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile izikhathi eziningana ngesonto futhi ubukele izithombe ezingcolile zobulili eziyinhloko. Njengoba ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili ngokomlomo nangokwenyama kuyindawo evamile ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile, lokho intsha eningi eyibheka njengezicansi ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kungase kuchazwe ngokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlova. Uma kunjalo, futhi ngenxa yesimo esicacisiwe sezinkinga zobulili kuPetru naseValkenburg, kungenzeka ukuthi kunokuba 'ukuhlanza' abantu ngabanye ukucabanga kwabo kanye nokuthambekela kocansi, ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili eziqhubekayo kubandelela, ngaleyo ndlela zanda amathuba okuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.

14) Kunzima kangakanani ukuphatha ukujula okwephuzile ngaphakathi komodeli wesikhashana ongokwengqondo? Ukuqhathaniswa kwesifundo (2017) - Lo ngumbiko ophathelene “namacala ahlanganisiwe” amabili akhombisa izimbangela nezindlela zokwelashwa zokubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation (anorgasmia). "Isiguli B" besimele izinsizwa eziningana eziphathwe yilapha owelapha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi leli phephandaba lithi "ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwePatient B kwase kukhule kwaba izinto ezinzima", "njengoba kwenzeka njalo". Leli phepha lithi ukuhlobene nezocansi ukubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation akuyona into engavamile, futhi kuyanda. Umbhali ufuna ucwaningo oluthe xaxa ngemiphumela ye-porn yokusebenza kocansi. Ukuchithwa kokubambezeleka kwesiguli B kuphulukisiwe ngemuva kwamasonto e-10 kungekho porn. Izicatshulwa ezihlobene nokukhuphuka:

Amacala amacala ahlanganisiwe athathwa emsebenzini wami ngaphakathi kweNational Health Service eCroydon University Hospital, eLondon. Ngalesi sigameko (Isiguli B), kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nkulumo ibonisa inani labantu abesilisa abasha abathunyelwe amaGP abo ngokuhlonza okufanayo. Isiguli B ngumuntu oneminyaka eyi-19 owethule ngoba wayengenakukwazi ukungena ejaculate ngokungena. Ngesikhathi eyi-13, wayehlala efinyelela kumasayithi e-pornography ngedwa ngokwayo ngokuseshwa kwe-intanethi noma ngezixhumanisi abangane bakhe abamthumelele kuzo. Waqala ukushaya indlwabu ubusuku bonke ngesikhathi ecwaninga ifoni yakhe ngesithombe ... Uma engazange aphule indlala engakwazi ukulala. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ayezisebenzisayo zaye zanda, njengoba kunjalo njalo (bheka i-Hudson-Allez, i-2010), zibe izinto eziqinile (akukho okungekho emthethweni) ...

Isiguli B sasivezwe esithombeni sezocansi ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusukela eneminyaka engu-12 kanye nezithombe ezingcolile ayezisebenzisayo zaziye zafika ebugqilini futhi zibuswa yi-15.

Savuma ukuthi ngeke esasisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukushaya indlwabu. Lokhu kwakusho ukushiya ifoni yakhe ekamelweni elihlukile ebusuku. Sivumile ukuthi uzoshaya indlwabu ngendlela ehlukile ... .Isihloko sidinga ukucwaninga ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nemiphumela yaso ekushaya indlwabu kanye nokunciphisa umzimba.

Ngo-2017, ezinye izifundo eziningi bezisebenzise “Ithiyori Yesikripthi Sezocansi” ukuhlaziya imiphumela ye-porn kumsebenzisi. Ingcaphuno mayelana nombono wesikripthi sezocansi kusuka ekubuyekezweni kontanga kwe-2017 kwezincwadi, Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile, Ukuthakazelisa, Nezocansi: Ngokwemodeli Ye-Hedonic Yokuvuselela I-Internet Yezindaba Zezocansi,

I-Theory Script Script

Okunye okungahle kube khona kulo msebenzi okhona kungabonakala ekuhlanganisweni kwawo nemiphumela yemidiya yokwandiswa kwethiyori yeskripthi sezocansi. Umbono weskripthi sezocansi uthi ubulili bomuntu buholwa amathonya ezenhlalo akha imibhalo yokunquma izifiso zocansi, amaphupho nemikhuba (IGagnon & Simon, 2005; USimon & Gagnon, 1986). Abantu babheka, bafunde, futhi baguqule imibhalo endaweni yabo, bayisebenzise njengezinkombandlela zokuqonda ukuthi ungalandela kanjani futhi uzibandakanye nabalingani bezocansi bangempela. Mayelana nemidiya yezocansi ngokuvamile kanye nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ikakhulukazi, uWright uhlanganise umqondo wokubhalwa kwezocansi nocwaningo kanye nombono ovela kwezokuxhumana, imiphumela yabezindaba, ukufunda okubukwayo, kanye nokulungiswa kolwazi kuskripthi sezocansi. Ai-cquisition, Activation, Aimodeli yokuphrinta (3AM) wokuxhumana nabezindaba zocansi (Wright, 2011, 2014; Wright & Bae, 2016; Wright, Malamuth, & Donnerstein, 2012; Wright & Donnerstein, 2014). Ngaphakathi kwe- 3I-AM, ukuthengwa kubhekisela ezinkambweni umthengi wezokuxhumana kwezocansi akhulisa izikripthi ezisheshayo zocansi noma ezintsha ngokusekelwe kumafilosofi ezocansi abhekene nokuziphatha okuboniswa yizibonelo zabezindaba. Isibonelo, umthengi we-IP angase athuthukise ukukhetha okuthile okungakaba khona kubo ngaphambi kwe-IPU ngenxa yezitatimende nezenzo zabalingisi ezithombeni ezingcolile. Ukusungulwa kweSkripthi kubhekisela ezinkambweni ezithinta abezindaba bezocansi, noma ngokuyinhloko, izikripthi ezenzakalelayo zobulili. Umthengi we-IP kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde izikripthi kokubili ngokobulili obuhlobene nobudlelwane nabanye, okunye okuthandwa nguwe, okwehlukile, kodwa i-IPU yabo igcina iskripthi samuva sisebenza ngokuyinhloko ememori. Okokugcina, uhlelo lokusebenza lubhekisela ezinkambweni ezenziwe ngazo futhi zenziwe ukusebenza kweskripthi socansi futhi kusetshenziselwa ukuqondisa isahlulelo, isimo sengqondo, noma ukuziphatha okuthile.

Izinguquko eziningi ezilinganiselayo zichazwe esigabeni ngasinye somodeli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kugcinwe izikripthi zobulili empeleni zitholakale, zenziwe zasebenza futhi zisebenza kuncike eziningana zokuqukethwe, izethameli, nezici zesimo. Ukuthi ukuvezwa okwakamuva futhi okuvame ukwandisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela, noma kunjalo, yizibonelo eziyinhloko eziyisibonelo. Ngakho-ke, ingqikithi yemodeli yanamuhla yokuthi i-IPU ejwayelekile ishukunyiswa futhi iqiniswe izinsongo zobulili ze-hedonic iyavumelana kakhulu 3AM.

Izifundo eziholwa ngu 3Ngingumongo we-IPU (isb. UBraithwaite, uCoulson, et al., 2015; uBraithwaite, uGrant, et al., 2015; UDonevan & Mattebo, 2017; Lim et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2015; Tomaszewska & Krahe, 2016; Wright & Randall, 2012; Wright & Arroyo, 2013; Wright, 2013b; Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2016) bathole ubufakazi obusekela iziphetho zayo, nokuthola okuningi okunjalo kuhambisana nesimo i-IPU ehlotshaniswa naso ubulili obuningi be-hedonic. Kubonakala ngokusobala ukuthi kunethonya le-IP ekutholakaleni noma ekuthuthukisweni kwezikripthi ezithile zocansi, ukwenziwa kokusebenza kwezikripthi esevele zikhona, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwaleyo mibhalo. Ngokwengeziwe, njengoba kuxoxwe kaninginingi ezincwadini zemibhalo yeskripthi, imibhalo yezocansi etholakala ku-IP ijwayele ukuzimela ngokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa (uBrown & L'Engle, 2009; UStulhofer et al., 2010; Ilanga et al., 2013). Ngakho-ke, imodeli yamanje ingabonakala njengokusebenza okuthile kwe- 3I-AM, ngoba imodeli yamanje ikhuluma ngendima ye-IP ekutholeni, ukuvuselela, nokusebenzisa izikripthi zobulili ze-hedonic.

Ngaphezu kwezifundo ezingenhla zokujwayela nokukhuphuka, izifundo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe zihlolisise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kububumba kanjani ubulili babasebenzisi ("inkolelo yeskripthi sezocansi"):

1) I-analterosex ebalulekile phakathi kwabantu abasha kanye nemiphumela yokukhuthazwa kwezempilo: isifundo se-qualitative e-UK (2014) - Ingcaphuno:

I-anal heterosex ivame ukubonakala ibuhlungu, iyingozi futhi icindezela, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Ababuzwa imibuzo bavame ukukhomba izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njenge 'ncazelo' yocansi lwendunu.

2) Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye ne-Male Sexual Script: Ukuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kanye nobuhlobo bobulili (2014) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukuba khona okukhulayo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezenzweni zokuzijabulisa ngokocansi kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nomthelela ongase ube nawo wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezihlanganisweni zobulili; ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingasebenzisa kanjani ukuziphatha kwabantu ngokocansi, izimo zengqondo, nokulindela ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kocansi nabesifazane? Ucwaningo lwethu lubonisa ukuthi amadoda abheka izinga eliphezulu lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile cishe bancika ekutheni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zihlale zijabule futhi zihlale zijabulile ngokocansi futhi, uma zisebenza ngokuziphatha okubi ngokobulili, cishe zihlanganisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezenzweni zobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadoda aphezulu asebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile abonisa ukuthokoza okunciphile ekumisweni kobulili obuseduze ngokuqhathaniswa namadoda anezinga eliphansi lokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile akuhlobene neze nokungavikeleki ngokocansi.

3) UkuThuthukiswa kocansi kwabantu kuhambelana nokufunda okuyisikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi Ukufunda: Impikiswano yokuHlonipha ngokocansi, Ukwelapha ngokocansi, kanye nokukhuliswa kwabantwana (2014) - Ingcaphuno:

I-inoveli orientation-neutral Hypersexuality and Risky Sexual Behaviors Scale inikeze ubufakazi obuhambisana nomqondo wokuthi kokubili ukulutha ngokocansi kanye nentshisekelo ephansi kwezocansi njengomuntu omdala kunemvelaphi yazo ebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Intshisekelo yabantu abadala kwezocansi kanye nethuba lokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi kocansi kuvame ukwanda uma okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala komhlanganyeli ngokushaya indlwabu kanye nocansi lomlingani kwenzeke ekuqaleni kwempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intshisekelo yabantu abadala kwezocansi yayiye yehle kakhulu lapho kungashayi indlwabu noma ukuya ocansini nomlingani wakho kwenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18. Kokubili lokhu okutholakele bekuhambisana nokufunda kwesikhathi esibucayi.

Imiphumela yokutadisha kwethu inikeze isisekelo esisha sokuthuthukiswa kwemfundiso yomshoshaphansi ngandlela-thile kanye nesifiso socansi olungacabangi ngakolunye uhlangothi. Intshisekelo ephezulu kwezocansi ephawulwe kulabo ababenokuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala nobulili bomlingani kanye nokushaya indlwabu kungachazwa isenzo esihlangene se-Pavlovian conditioning, isimo sokusebenza, kanye nokufunda okubalulekile okuqalwe ukuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala nocansi lomlingani noma ngaphandle komphumela we-synergistic okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala ngokushaya indlwabu (i-Beard et al., i-2013; i-O'Keefe et al., i-2014; futhi ibona i-Hoffmann, i-2012 ne-Pfaus et al., i-2012 ngokubuyekezwa kwemibono ye-condition kanye nedatha yokuhlola).

4) Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zaseKorea, Intshisekelo Yabo Ezithombeni Zobulili Ezingcolile Zobulili, nobudlelwane bobulili obudambisayo (2014) - Ingcaphuno:

Iningi (i-84.5%) labaphendulile libukele izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, futhi kulabo abenza ucansi (abaphenduli be-470), sithole ukuthi inzalo ephezulu ekuhlambiseni izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile yayihlobene nokuhlangenwe nakho kwezingcingo zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile , nokukhetha ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze kutholakale futhi kugcinwe injabulo yocansi ngokuya ocansini nomlingani wakho.

5) UkuThuthukiswa kocansi kwabantu kuhambelana nokufunda okuyisikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi Ukufunda: Impikiswano yokuHlonipha ngokocansi, Ukwelapha ngokocansi, kanye nokukhuliswa kwabantwana (2014) - Ingcaphuno:

I-inoveli orientation-neutral Hypersexuality and Risky Sexual Behaviors Scale inikeze ubufakazi obuhambisana nomqondo wokuthi kokubili ukulutha ngokocansi kanye nentshisekelo ephansi kwezocansi njengomuntu omdala kunemvelaphi yazo ebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Intshisekelo yabantu abadala kwezocansi kanye nethuba lokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi kocansi kuvame ukwanda uma okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala komhlanganyeli ngokushaya indlwabu kanye nocansi lomlingani kwenzeke ekuqaleni kwempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intshisekelo yabantu abadala kwezocansi yayiye yehle kakhulu lapho kungashayi indlwabu noma ukuya ocansini nomlingani wakho kwenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18. Kokubili lokhu okutholakele bekuhambisana nokufunda kwesikhathi esibucayi.

Imiphumela yokutadisha kwethu inikeze isisekelo esisha sokuthuthukiswa kwemfundiso yomshoshaphansi ngandlela-thile kanye nesifiso socansi olungacabangi ngakolunye uhlangothi. Intshisekelo ephezulu kwezocansi ephawulwe kulabo ababenokuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala nobulili bomlingani kanye nokushaya indlwabu kungachazwa isenzo esihlangene se-Pavlovian conditioning, isimo sokusebenza, kanye nokufunda okubalulekile okuqalwe ukuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala nocansi lomlingani noma ngaphandle komphumela we-synergistic okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala ngokushaya indlwabu (i-Beard et al., i-2013; i-O'Keefe et al., i-2014; futhi ibona i-Hoffmann, i-2012 ne-Pfaus et al., i-2012 ngokubuyekezwa kwezimiso zesimo nokuhlolwa).

6)  "Ngaphandle Kwezimboni ... Ngeke Ngazi Ingxenye Yezinto Engizamazi Manje": Isifundo Esifanele Sokuzilibazisa Sebenzisa Phakathi Kwesibonelo Sokuhlala Emadolobheni, Imali Ephansi, Intsha Emnyama NeyaseSpanishi (i-2015) - Ingcaphuno:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okutholakele kwethu kwaqokomisa ukuthi intsha ethile isebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengemithombo yokufundisa: intsha ifuna izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze zifunde ukulala nobulili; abanye balingisa noma babuzwa umlingani ukuba alingise, abakubonayo. Ukuthola ukuthi intsha isilingisa lokho abakubonayo ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kuhambisana nokuhlolwa okungenani kokuqala kwe-51 okubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezitshengisa ukuthi zikopishe lokho abakubonile ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile lapho bezocansi (Smith, 2013), kanye nokuhlola okulinganiselwe okuthola ukuthi i-63% yesampula yabafundi bekolishile ibike ukufunda amasu amasha wezobulili ezithombeni ezingcolile (Trostle, 2003). Esifundweni samanje sisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengesibonelo sokuzibandakanya kwezocansi kwaba nemiphumela emibi yabesifazane abathile esampheni ababika ukuthi "bayamangala" ngobuhlungu besifo sangasese, bazwa bephoqeleka ukuba babe nobulili endaweni engakhululekile, bangajabuli ngocansi, noma baqede ubulili impendulo. Le miphumela ihambisana nalabo abikwa nguMarston noLee (2014), owathola ukuthi esampula ye-130 yentsha yobudala i-16 kuya ku-18 ubudala ubudala abesifazane babika ukuthi bathola ubulili obuyingozi kodwa babevame "ukungena emzimbeni" ngabalingani besilisa, nokuthi intsha ibona ukuthi inzalo yesandulela ngculazi yayibukeka ngokuyinhloko kwizithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

7) Ukuhlola umphumela wezinto eziphathelene nobulili ezithandweni zezinkolelo, ukuqonda kanye nemikhuba yezinsizwa: inhlolovo ye-qualitative (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela igcizelela okunye okutholakele okungabalulekile maqondana nomphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM ezinkolelweni zocansi, ukuqonda kanye nemikhuba yezinsizwa, emkhakheni ocwaningwayo. Ngaphakathi kokulinganiselwa kwesampula esezingeni elifanele futhi ngenxa yalokho elingenakwenziwa, izingqikithi zizozuza ekuqinisekisweni kwesampula enkulu kepha zisabambe iqhaza ekuqaleni kwe-akhawunti yethiyori yokuthi iSEM ingazibumba kanjani izimo zengqondo nokuziphatha. Ukusetshenziswa nokwamukelwa kwe-SEM kubikwe njengokukhulayo, njengoba kuqinisekisiwe kolunye ucwaningo (2,3,4,16,10)., Kufaka phakathi okuqukethwe okwedlulele kakhulu njengoba intsha ibika ukungabi nalutho kokuqukethwe kwe-SEM, okudinga ukuvezwa okukhulu ngokweqile ukuze uzizwe ukhuthazekile noma ethukile.

Izinsizwa ezikulesi sifundo, zivume imiphumela emibi ezimeni zengqondo nasekuziphatheni kwezintsha. Izinsizwa ezikulesi sifundo ngokwazo ziphakamise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvezwa kwe-SEM kungaholela esimweni sokulutha ukusetshenziswa ngesidingo esandayo sokuqukethwe okwedlulele kakhulu. Abanye babika bezwa isidingo sokucindezela njalo imingcele yabo ukuze ivuseleleke, abantu bengasashaqeki ngokuqukethwe okuthile, iphethini etholakala ocwaningweni olwedlule (32, 33, 34, 35, 36) eyixhumanisa nokuhlangenwe nakho kobulili ngaphambi kwesikhathi; ukuphikiswa kwabesifazane, okulindelwe okungenangqondo kanye nezigameko ezandayo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (16).

8) Izikripthi zobulili nokuziphatha kobulili kwamadoda nabesifazane abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukusebenzisa idatha eqoqwe kusuka ku-1,880 amadoda nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abahlala e-United States, lolu cwaningo luhlolisise izinhlangano phakathi kobulili, ukusetshenziswa kocansi, kanye nokuziphatha kocansi kwe-20 okuvezwe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Izenzo zahlukaniswa ngokusho ukuthi ngabe abahlanganyeli babika ukuthi bahlanganyela noma banesithakazelo ekuzameni ukuziphatha okuqondene nobulili njengokuthi (a) ukuhlukumeza (isb. Ukuchoboza izinwele, ukugawula, noma ukuchoboza), (b) ukuhloswe (isib. Ukuhlwithwa noma ukugonywa), noma (c) ) imisebenzi engavamile kanye / noma ehlazola ngokobulili (isb., ukukhishwa kwamadoda emlonyeni womlingani wesifazane, ubulili obuyindlala, ukungena kabili, nokubheja). Ukusebenzisa i-script ye-script yezocansi, sithembela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuzohambisana nokuphila okukhulu kokubili okubandakanyeka nokuthakazelisa ekuziphatheni kulezi zici zobulili. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kwahlotshaniswa nokuphila okukhulu kokubili okubandakanyekayo nokuba nesithakazelo ekuzameni zonke izigaba zokuziphatha ngokocansi. Amadoda ayengaphezu kwabesifazane ukuba bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuhlukumezayo nokuhlambalaza / okungajwayelekile, futhi abesifazane babe namathuba amaningi kunamadoda okufanele ahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okubhekiswe kuzo.

9) Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokusetshenziswa Kokuqhathaniswa Kokuzilibazisa Okuvamile, Izithandani, Nokukhathazeka Ngokobulili Phakathi Kwabantwana Abesilisa AbaseSweden (2017) - Ingcaphuno:

Okutholakele kwethu kubonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi bavame ukubika ukuziphatha okuhambisana nezinkinga zocansi ukuthatha kufaka phakathi iminyaka yobudala ngokocansi, ubulili obufanayo, nokuzama izenzo ezitholakala ezithombeni ezingcolile

Ngokusekelwe ku-3AM, uma abasebenzisi abaningi bevame ukuhlola izenzo zocansi ezibonwa ezithombeni ezingcolile, akukona ukucatshangwa ukuthi indlela eyingozi lapho bekubonile khona imisebenzi eyenziwa ingahle ibe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi (itholakale) futhi isetshenziswe ( isicelo) ezimweni zangempela zokuphila.

Ngokuphathelene nokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kuhlaba umxhwele ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yabasebenzisi abavame ukuvuma ukuthi ibuka izithombe ezingcolile ezingaphezu kwalokho abafuna. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inhlangano ekhulayo yokucwaninga ngemibono ibheka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingaba umlutha. Njengoba ubuchopho bentsha besaqhubeka esigabeni sabo sokuthuthukiswa, abantu abasha bangase basengozini kakhulu ekusebenziseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinenkinga. "Ngokungafani nabantu abadala, intsha icatshangwa ukuthi ayinakho ukuvuthwa okwanele nobuqotho emacortices asemqoka okudingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ukulawulwa kwengqondo okudingekayo ukuvimbela ukufisa kobulili, imicabango, nokuziphatha okufakwe okuqukethwe okubulili." Lokhu, kuhlangene nomqondo wokuthi intsha iqhuba futhi igcine izithombe kude okungcono kunamagama abhalwe phansi noma okukhulunywe ngayo, kusho ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundo ephathelene nezocansi kusebenza ngokubaluleka kakhulu ukuze kuqhathaniswe imiyalezo eqoshiwe 'yocansi'.

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile basuke benemibono yezocansi ngesikhathi esincane, bahlanganyele ekuhlanganisweni okubanzi kocansi, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi balwe nobunzima bezocansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyizinkinga. Lolu cwaningo lunikeza umzimba ocwaningayo okhulayo ohlinzeka ubufakazi bokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingase zibe nemiphumela emibi ezinganeni.

Ku-2012, ukubuyiswa kwe-porn subreddit Nofap kwenziwa a inhlolovo enkulu kakhulu. Omunye wemibuzo ebuziwe mayelana nokukhula: “Ingabe ukuthanda kwakho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kushintshile?" Imiphumela:

  • Ukuthanda kwami ​​akuzange kushintshe kakhulu - 29%
  • Ukuthandwa kwami ​​kwanda kakhulu noma kwahluleka futhi lokhu kwangenza ngazizwa nginamahloni noma ngicindezelekile - 36%
  • Ukuthanda kwami ​​kwaba ngokweqile ngokweqile noma kwehla futhi lokhu akuzange kungenze ngibe namahloni noma ingcindezi - 27%

Ngokufingqa, ukuguqulwa okukhulu kweminye imininingwane kanye nokunye kwedatha kusekela isimangalo sokuthi i-intanethi ye-intanethi ingahle ifake ukuthanda izinto zocansi noma ukuziphatha ngokobulili, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobusha. Ukusikisela ukuthi ukuthanda kocansi kungabuyekezwa ngokujulile akuyona into eyayiyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba izilwane nezifundo zabantu zivezile. Kusuka kokubuyekezwa I-Neuroscientific Isondela ku-Online Pornography Isilonda (2017), i-excerpt ekhuluma ngezithombe ezingcolile zobulili:

I-7.3.2 Cue Reactivity ne-Conditioning Appetitive

Esigabeni sokugcina, sibuyekeze izifundo eziphathelene nokuphendulwa kobuchopho ezithinta izinto zocansi, ukucubungula ukubuyiswa kwemvelo, nokusimama kokunciphisa futhi ekugcineni futhi nezixhumanisi ze-neurophysiological zokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Singabonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kobulili kudala ukusebenza kwe-neural kumjikelezi wokuvuza (isib. I-ACC, i-ventral striatum, i-orbitofrontal cortex), mhlawumbe ngenxa ye-mesolimbic dopamine umvuzo wendlela. Ngakho-ke, inkolelo yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungase kube nokucindezela ngoba amadoda amaningi aqinisekisiwe. Ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile kubuye kugcizelelwe ukuthi lezi zinhlawulo zingasetshenziswa njengezinkomba ezingavumelekile ekuhlolweni kwesimo sokucindezeleka. Ngenxa yalokho-okufana nezinye izidakamizwa-izinqubo ezingathathi hlangothi zibe yizimbangela zokuziphatha okuluthayo. Lokhu kuvumelana nemibiko yamadoda anezidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezichaza ukucindezela okuqinile / ukufisa ukudla izithombe ezingcolile zobulili uma zibhekene nezimo ezithile, imizwa, noma isisusa esithinta ukufana nezimo, lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zidla khona. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ngezici zocansi, isibonelo isembozo somagazini, kodwa futhi ulwazi lomongo njengokuba yedwa-ekhaya lungase lunikeze isifiso sokuziphatha okuluthayo.

Ezingxenyeni ezihlobene nezidakamizwa, ukucubungula okuphathelene nezidakamizwa kuveza ukuthi lokho okwakungakaze kube khona hlangothi okubangelwa yizidakamizwa ezibangelwa ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa ukukhishwa yi-dopamine ku-ventral striatum noma ngabe i-stimuli ibuyiselwe emuva (Childress et al. 2008). Indlela esezansi iyimimoya ekhuthazayo, uhlobo lwesimiso sokudala (Martin-Soelch et al. 2007). Kucatshangwa ukuthi isimo sokukhathazeka sithinteka ekuziphatheni ngokocansi, isib. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezintandokazi zocansi (Akins 2004; Brom et al. 2014; Martin-Soelch et al. 2007; Pfaus et al. 2001) futhi udlala indima enkulu ekubhekaneni ngokobulili (Banca et al. 2016; Klucken et al. 2016). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi nakuba isimo sokukhathazeka sicatshangwa ukuthi siyisici esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa, izifundo ezimbalwa kuphela kuze kube manje ziye zahlola ama-neural correlates of conditioning appetitive, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokulutha ngokocansi.

Uma kwenzeka umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, omunye ucabanga ukuthi ngaphakathi (isib. Ukuvusa, imizwa engafanele) noma yangaphandle (isib. Umbono wekhompyutha noma i-smartphone) ama-stimuli ahlotshaniswa nokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokushaya indlwabu esikhathini esidlule ukuziphatha okulutha umlutha. Le nqubo idinga ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingakhonza njengento engavumelani nesimo se-paradigm esinezinkinga ezibangelwa isimo se-neoparergic eqhutshwa ngendlela ehambisana ne-ventral striatum esibhekene nesimo esithintekayo.

Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokuzama ukucindezeleka, ukuvuthwa okungahambisani nalokho (kamuva kuvuselelwe isimo, CS +) kuhlanganiswe nomvuzo (isisusa esingavumelekile, i-UCS) njengemali, iphunga elimnandi, izidakamizwa, noma isenzo socansi, kanti isisombululo sesibili sokungathathi hlangothi (CS-) okuhlobene nokungabikho kwe-UCS (Martin-Soelch et al. 2007). Ngokuhlola ukuhlukana okuhlukile kokungu-CS + no-CS-, isimo sokuhlukanisa okungafani singafakazelwa. Kunezifundo eziningana eziye zasebenzisa lo mdwebo wokuhlola ngesicoco sezocansi njengenhlawulo engavumelekile (kokubili no-2008, 2011; Klucken et al. 2009, 2013, 2015). Lezi zifundo zibonise ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi i-CS +, ehlanganiswe ne-stimuli (isib. Izithombe zocansi noma ukugqugquzela ngokocansi), yenza izimpendulo ezimisiwe (okungukuthi, izimpendulo ezengeziwe ku-CS + ngokungafani ne-CS-). Isibonelo, ukuphakanyiswa okwenyuka nokulinganisa okuvusayo kwatholakala ku-CS + ngokungafani ne-CS- emva kokumiswa kodwa hhayi ngaphambi (Klucken et al. 2009, 2013). Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi izinguquko ezilinganisweni zokukhetha ziye zatholwa ngokuphindaphindiwe phakathi nesimo sokuncintisana, izimpendulo ezimisiwe kwezinye izinhlelo zokuphendula njengezindlela zomzimba-izimpendulo zomzimba (isib. Izimpendulo zokuziphatha kwesikhumba (ama-SCR) noma izimpendulo zangasese) azicaci kancane. Ngokwesibonelo, uKlucken et al. (I-2009) ithole ukulinganisa okuzithobayo nokulinganisa kwe-hemodynamic ku-CS + kuqhathaniswa ne-CS-, kodwa akukho ukuhluka okuphawulekayo kuma-SCR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezifanayo zihluke kakhulu kuma-SCR phakathi kwe-UCS (izithombe zobulili) kanye non-UCS (ukungathathi hlangothi, izithombe ezingezansi), okuqokomisa ukuthi ama-SCR akwazi ukuhlukana phakathi kwesimiso esingavamile nesingekho emthethweni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo ezisebenzisa inombolo ephakeme yezifundo zingabonisa ukukhula kwe-SCR ezibhekene ne-CS + (Klucken et al. 2013). Ukuhumusha lezi ziphumo eziphazamisayo, kuthathwa ngokuthi imiphumela emihle ekuphenduleni kwe-psychophysiological isincane futhi ingaxhomeka kakhulu ekuhlukeni komuntu ngamunye (Klucken et al. 2009, 2013, 2015). Ekubuyekezweni, i-Brom et al. (I-2014) iphinda icabange ukuthi izimboni-izimpendulo zomzimba kungenzeka zingabi uphawu oluqinile lwezimiso zokukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi kumongo wesimo socansi.

Ngokuphathelene nama-neural correlates wesimo sokucindezela nesimo socansi njengo-UCS, ucwaningo luye lwabona inethiwekhi engaphansi kwe-amygdala, i-ventral striatum, i-orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), i-cortex yangaphakathi (ACC), ne-insula ( UMartin-Soelch et al. 2007). Enye yezinhlaka ezibaluleke kakhulu zokumemezela ukukhathazeka yi-amygdala, ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni inhlangano ye-CS-UCS (uMartin-Soelch et al. 2007). Usuku ne-Carelli (i-2007) kugcizelele ekubuyekezeni kwabo i-ventral striatum, noma ngokuqondile, i-nucleus ihlangene njengezizinda eziyinhloko zesimiso sokuphazamiseka. Le ndima ebalulekile ye-ventral striatum esimweni sokucindezeleka isekelwe yizinto ezifunyenwe, kubonisa ukubandakanyeka kwayo ekucubunguleni kanye nokulindela izenzakalo ezinhle ikakhulukazi ukuvusa ngocansi (Oei et al. 2012; Stark et al. 2005). I-OFC, i-insula, kanye ne-ACC ukusebenza kungabonisa izinqubo zokuhlola ezicatshangwayo ze-CS yamanje futhi zibalulekile nokuqwashisa kwemizwa yomzimba, okubonakala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isenzo socansi, nezinye imizwelo efana nokwesaba nokuhlambalaza, noma ezinye izinyathelo ezivuzayo (Craig I-2009; i-Domjan 1994; i-Klucken et al. 2009). Ngokuthakazelisayo, izifundo zokuphenya izinqubo zokugulisa izidakamizwa ezifundweni zokulutha ngokobulili zithole umehluko omncane kuya kwezihloko zokulawula okunempilo kuphela. Kwesinye sezifundo zethu, uKlucken et al. (I-2016) ithola ukwandiswa kwe-amygdala ekufundiseni izidakamizwa zobulili kanye nokunciphisa ukuxhunywa kokushayisana / ukushayisana phakathi nesimo sokukhathazeka ngisho nangemva kokulungisa ukulinganisa komuntu ngamunye. Enye incazelo yalezi zingxabano zeqembu yukuthi ukunyuka kwama-amygdala okusebenzayo izibuko kuhlinzekwe ukulungiswa kwezimo kanye nezinqubo zokufuna abantu abanobudlova ngokobulili. Ukwengeza, ukwehlisa ukuhlaselwa kwesandulela-ngculazi / ukunxusa kungabonakalisa izinqubo zokulawulwa kwemizwelo ephazamisekile njengokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezifiso kulezi ziguli.

Ngokulinganiselwe, ulwazi mayelana nesimo sokukhushulwa nesifiso sobulili sinqunyelwe. Izifundo ezimbalwa ezishicilelwe manje zibonisa inethiwekhi efanayo ye-neural ehileleke kwezinye izinqubo zokucindezeleka ezicindezelayo nezinqubo ezingenasisindo ezijabulisayo ne-NAcc njengenye yezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, umbono owodwa othakazelisayo wokuhlola yiyona nkathi yesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-dopamine, ngoba kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi i-dopamine ku-NAcc idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqaleni, kodwa engaphansi kokuziphatha kocansi okuqhubekayo (Georgiadis et al. 2012).

Ingcaphuno elandelayo evela Park et al., 2016 kufingqa olunye ucwaningo lwesintu nolwezilwane njengoba lubhekisela ekuvusweni kobulili ngokobulili obushushumbisayo:

I-3.4.3. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi nokuzibandakanya ngokocansi

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ama-servicemen ethu abike ukuthi ahlangabezane nokuvuswa nokuvuswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle kwawo, ucwaningo luyadingeka ukuze kunqotshwe isimo sezocansi esingaqondakali njengesici esinomthelela ekukhuleni kwamanje kwezinkinga zokusebenza kocansi kanye nesifiso sobulili esiphansi emadodeni angaphansi kwe-40. Ukudumisa noPfaus baye bacabanga ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kungahle kube nesimo sezici zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ezisetshenziswayo ezingashintshi kalula ezimweni zomlingani wangempela. "Kuyacatshangwa ukuthi ukuzwa iningi lokuvuswa kocansi ngaphakathi komongo we-VSS [izinto ezibukwayo zocansi] kungaholela ekwehlisweni kwempendulo ye-erectile ngesikhathi sokuhlangana ngokocansi okuhlanganyelwe ... Uma okulindelwe ukukhushulwa okuphezulu kungafezeki, ukukhuthazwa kocansi okuhlanganyelwe akusebenzi" [50]. Isimo sengqondo esinjalo esingavumelani kwezocansi sihambisana nesimiso sokukhuthaza-salience. Imigqa eminingana yophando eyenzekayo yanda i-mesolimbic dopamine ekukhuthazeni kokubili izidakamizwa zokuhlukumeza kanye nomvuzo wezocansi [100,103]. Ukusebenzisa i-dopamine i-D1 receptors, kokubili isipiliyoni socansi kanye nokuvezwa kwe-psychostimulant kudala izinguquko eziningi ezihlala njalo ezihlala isikhathi eside ku-NAc ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni kokufuna kokubili ukuvuza [103].

Umsebenzisi wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile we-Internet wanamuhla angagcina amazinga aphezulu okuvusa ngocansi, futhi i-dopamine ephakeme ehambelanayo, ngezikhathi ezinwetshiwe ngenxa yokuqukethwe okungenamkhawulo weveli. Ama-dopamine asezingeni eliphakeme liye lacatshangelwa ekujuleni isimo sokuziphatha ngokobulili ngezindlela ezingalindelekile kuzo zombili izilwane zezilwane [176,177] nabantu. Kubantu, lapho iziguli zikaParkinson zishiwo i-dopamine agonists, abanye babika ukusetshenziswa okungcolile kobuciko bezinhlelo ezingcolile zobulili futhi babonisa izenzo ezinkulu ze-neural ezithombeni zezocansi, ezihambisana nesifiso socansi esithuthukisiwe [178]. Ucwaningo lwe-FMRI lwamuva lubike ukuthi lezi zihloko ngokuziphatha okuphoqeleka ngokocansi zijwayele ukuhlela ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwezinkulumo ezingathathi hlangothi kanye nezenzo zobulili ezicacile kunezilawuli [86,121]. Ngokuphindaphindiwe kwe-pornography e-intanethi, "ukufunwa" kungakhuphuka kokuhlelwa kwezinto ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ku-inthanethi, izakhi ezinzima ukuzinakekela ngesikhathi socansi ohlukanisiwe. Ngokuvumelana nesimo sokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zingabonisa ukulindela ngokobulili, uSeok noSohn bathole ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli zamasosha ocansini kwakune-DLPFC eyengeziwe ekusebenziseni izici zobulili, nokho ukusebenza okuncane kwe-DLPFC ekusebenziseni okungezona ngokocansi [120]. Kuphinde kubonakale ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-intanethi kungabonisa ukuthi umsebenzisi angalindela noma "afune" intsha. Banca et al. kubike ukuthi izihloko ngokuziphatha okuphoqelekile ngokobulili zinezintandokazi kakhulu ezithombeni zothando zobulili futhi zibonisa ukujwayela okukhulu kakhulu ekubukeni kwe-cortex yangaphakathi ekubukeni kwezithombe ezifanayo zocansi [86]. Kwamanye abasebenzisi, okuthandwayo kwendabuko kuvela ngesidingo sokunqoba ukwehla kwe-libido nomsebenzi we-erectile, okungaholela ekutheni kube nokuthandwa okusha kobulili obungcolile [27].

Lapho umsebenzisi ebeke inkanuko yakhe yokuya ocansini ezithombeni ezingcolile ze-Intanethi, ucansi nabalingani abathandekayo bangempela bangabhalisa "njengokungahlangabezani nokulindelwe" (ukubikezelwa komvuzo omubi) okuholela ekwehleni okuhambisanayo kwe-dopamine. Kuhlanganiswe nokungakwazi ukuchofoza ekuvuseleleni okwengeziwe, lesi sibikezelo esingahlanganisiwe singaqinisa umbono wokuthi ucansi oluhlukanisiwe alubalulekile kangako kunokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi futhi zinikeza umbono wevoyeur ngokuvamile ongatholakali kulo lonke ucansi oluhlukanisiwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi uma umsebenzisi wezithombe zocansi we-Intanethi othintekayo eqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvuka nokubuka abanye abantu bezitika ngocansi ezikrinini ngenkathi evuswa kakhulu, ubudlelwane bakhe phakathi kokuhlangana kwezocansi okuvusa amadlingozi kanye nokuphila kwangempela okuhlangana nabo kungancipha.

Ukucwaninga mayelana nesimo sokuphendula ngesenzo socansi kubantu kunqunyelwe, kodwa kubonisa ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kuyisimo esimisiwe [179,180,181], ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudala [182]. Emadodeni, ukuvuvukala kungahle kulungiswe kumafilimu athile [183], kanye nezithombe [184]. Ukusebenza ngokocansi nokukhangwa ezilwaneni zesilisa (okungezona ezingabantu) kungahle kubekwe esimweni esiningi sezinkinga ezingavamile ngokobulili kubo, kufaka phakathi izithelo / izithelo ze-nut, ama-aversive scents, njenge-cadaverine, abalingani bobulili obufanayo, nokugqoka amajackethi amahhashi [177,185,186,187]. Isibonelo, amagundane ayefundile ubulili nejacket ayenzanga ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwamagebengu awo [187].

Ngokuvumelana nalezi zifundo zesimo sokuziphatha, insizwa encane lapho abantu beqala ukuqala ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi njalo, futhi bathanda kakhulu ubulili obuhlukene, ukuthokozisa okuncane okushiwo yizocansi ezihlukanisiwe, futhi bakhulise ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zo-intanethi. [37]. Ngokufanayo, amadoda abika ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingenalutho (lapho abadlali bengagqoki khona amakhondomu) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngesikhathi esingaphansi, bahlanganyele ocansini obuningi abangavikelekile ngokwabo [188,189]. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungase kuhlotshaniswe nesimo sokuthanda izinto ekugqugquzelweni okudlulele kakhulu [99,190].

Ukubuyekezwa ngu-Pfaus kubonisa ukuthi isimo sokuqala sibhekene nezihluthulelo ezihlotsheni ze-sex arousal templates: "Kuya ngokucacile ukuthi kukhona isikhathi esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha ngokobulili okwenza azungeze okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala komuntu ngokuvusa ucansi nesifiso, ukushaya indlwabu, i-orgasm, ne-sex ubulili ngokwalo "[191] (iphe. 32). Ukuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa kuyahambisana nombiko kaVoon et al. ukuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile base-Internet babonisa umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu kwi-ventral striatum ekuphenduleni amavidiyo acacile [31]. I-striral striatum yisifunda esiyinhloko esithintekayo ekukhuthazeni umvuzo wemvelo kanye nezidakamizwa [103]. Voon et al. futhi kubika ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ze-intanethi ziqale zibuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi esikhathini esingaphambili (ubudala obuneminyaka engu-13.9) kunamavolontiya anempilo (iminyaka yobudala i-17.2)31]. Ucwaningo lwe-2014 lithole ukuthi cishe isigamu samadoda ase-ekolishi-yobudala manje abika ukuthi babonwe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-13, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-14 kuphela ku-2008 [37]. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zisebenzise phakathi nesigaba sokuthuthukiswa esibucayi kwandisa ingozi yezinkinga ezihlobene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet Kungenzeka kusize ukuchazela ukutholakala kwe-2015 ukuthi i-16% yamadoda amancane ase-Italy asebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngesonto abike isifiso sobulili esifushane, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-0% kwabangewona abathengi [29]? I-serviceman yethu yokuqala yayiyi-20 kuphela futhi beyisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kusukela ekutholeni ukufinyelela kwi-intanethi ephezulu.

Abesilisa bangakwazi ukubhekana ngempumelelo nesenzo sabo sezocansi ebhokisatri enempendulo yokufundisa, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo, isimo esinjalo sokwenziwa kwelabhutri sanyamalala ekuvivinyeni kamuva [176]. Lokhu kukhishwa kwe-neuroplasticity kungase kusikisele ukuthi ukukhangwa okubuyiselwe kwamabili kwe-servicemen yethu kanye nokusebenza kobulili nabalingani emva kokushiya ithoyizi lesidakamizwa kanye / noma ukunciphisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili. Izimpendulo ezimisiwe zokuqeda noma zokuqeda ukukhanga okuvuselelwe okubuyiselwayo kanye nokusebenza kobulili nabalingani.

Ekugcineni, nansi izingcaphuno ezengeziwe ezivela encwadini ye-Norman Doidge eshicilelwe kumagazini obuyekezwe ngontanga: Ubulili ebuchosheni: Yiyiphi i-Brain Plasticity efundisa nge-Internet Porn (2014).

Siphakathi kwezinguquko ekuthandweni kocansi nokuthandana okungafani nanoma yimuphi omunye emlandweni, ukuhlolwa kwezenhlalo okwenziwe ezinganeni nakwabasha, okuthunyiwe kwisithombe esinamandla, esibucayi emadokhumenti wamuva waseBrithani InRealLife, mayelana nemiphumela ye-intanethi kubasha, eqondiswa nguBaroness Beeban Kidron.

Esikhathini sefilimu, umfana oneminyaka engu-15 onokuziphendulela okuthakazelisayo uveza inqubo eqhubekayo empilweni yezigidi zabafana abasha, abathandana nabo ngokobulili abanjwe ngokuyinhloko ngokufinyelela kwabo kwe-24 / 7 kwi-inthanethi ye-intanethi. Uchaza ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zenze kanjani "ukuphila kwangempela" kocansi:

"Uzozama intombazane futhi uthole isithombe esiphelele salokho okubukele ku-intanethi ... ungathanda ukuthi afane ncamashi nalowo owabonayo kwi-intanethi ... Ngiyabonga kakhulu noma ubani owenze lawa mawebhusayithi , nokuthi bakhululekile, kodwa kwezinye izinzwa kuwonakele wonke umuzwa wothando. Kubuhlungu ngoba ngithola manje kunzima kimi ukuthola empeleni intombazane. "

Kuyinto enzima kangaka ngesimo, ukuthi unesiphi isikhathi esincane lapho ethola ukuthi ukuthanda kwakhe ngokocansi kanye nokulangazelela okuthandanayo kuye kwahlukaniswa komunye nomunye.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, sifunda kulokhu nakwamanye amafilimu amantombazane angabalingani abafana nalabo bafana, "alayishe" kubo ukuthi balindela ukuthi "badlala" izindima ezibhalwe ngabamfilimu bezithombe zocansi.

Ukucindezeleka kwentombazane kumelela okunye okuphazamiseka kobulili. Kungani kufanele kube nzima ukuba avule intombazane, futhi kungabi lula? Ngesinye isikhathi, i-porn yasetshenziselwa intsha ukuba ihlolisise, ilungiselele futhi ikhulule ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ngokulindela ubuhlobo bobulili wangempela. Namuhla, kukhona okuthile mayelana nezinhlobo ezintsha ze-porn ezisekelwe e-intanethi ezenza ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zingabulungiseli umuntu ubuhlobo bobulili, kodwa kunokuba zifake. Izinsizwa eziningi zisho ukuthi zikhetha ukulala nobuhlobo nabantu, nazo zonke izinkinga zabo. Mhlawumbe laba yizikhonkwane zabafana, abaphansi embusweni wokubusa, abangakwazi "ukuthola" intombazane. Kodwa abanye, njengengane esemusha kule ifilimu, thola ukuthi nakuba bangakwazi "ukuthola" intombazane, uma benza, ubulili babo "abusebenzi kahle".

Siphakathi kwezinguquko ekuthandweni kocansi nokuthandana okungafani nanoma yimuphi omunye emlandweni, ukuhlolwa kwezenhlalo okwenziwe ezinganeni nakwabasha, okuthunyiwe kwisithombe esinamandla, esibucayi emadokhumenti wamuva waseBrithani InRealLife, mayelana nemiphumela ye-intanethi kubasha, eqondiswa nguBaroness Beeban Kidron.

Esikhathini sefilimu, umfana oneminyaka engu-15 onokuziphendulela okuthakazelisayo uveza inqubo eqhubekayo empilweni yezigidi zabafana abasha, abathandana nabo ngokobulili abanjwe ngokuyinhloko ngokufinyelela kwabo kwe-24 / 7 kwi-inthanethi ye-intanethi. Uchaza ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zenze kanjani "ukuphila kwangempela" kocansi:

"Uzozama intombazane futhi uthole isithombe esiphelele salokho okubukele ku-intanethi ... ungathanda ukuthi afane ncamashi nalowo owabonayo kwi-intanethi ... Ngiyabonga kakhulu noma ubani owenze lawa mawebhusayithi , nokuthi bakhululekile, kodwa kwezinye izinzwa kuwonakele wonke umuzwa wothando. Kubuhlungu ngoba ngithola manje kunzima kimi ukuthola empeleni intombazane. "

Kuyinto enzima kangaka ngesimo, ukuthi unesiphi isikhathi esincane lapho ethola ukuthi ukuthanda kwakhe ngokocansi kanye nokulangazelela okuthandanayo kuye kwahlukaniswa komunye nomunye.

Ukucindezeleka kwentombazane kumelela okunye okuphazamiseka kobulili. Kungani kufanele kube nzima ukuba avule intombazane, futhi kungabi lula? Ngesinye isikhathi, i-porn yasetshenziselwa intsha ukuba ihlolisise, ilungiselele futhi ikhulule ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ngokulindela ubuhlobo bobulili wangempela. Namuhla, kukhona okuthile mayelana nezinhlobo ezintsha ze-porn ezisekelwe e-intanethi ezenza ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zingabulungiseli umuntu ubuhlobo bobulili, kodwa kunokuba zifake. Izinsizwa eziningi zisho ukuthi zikhetha ukulala nobuhlobo nabantu, nazo zonke izinkinga zabo. Mhlawumbe laba yizikhonkwane zabafana, abaphansi embusweni wokubusa, abangakwazi "ukuthola" intombazane. Kodwa abanye, njengengane esemusha kule ifilimu, thola ukuthi nakuba bangakwazi "ukuthola" intombazane, uma benza, ubulili babo "abusebenzi kahle".

Isikhalazo salo mfana sasinezintambo ezijwayelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-twist. Maphakathi no-1990s I, nabanye abagula ngengqondo, baqala ukubona iphethini elilandelayo. Isibonelo esingaba yindoda endala, ebuhlotsheni obujabulisayo, ochaza ukuthi ufuna ukuthola inhlanhla mayelana ne-inthanethi engozini ye-intanethi. Iningi lezingosi azitholayo, kepha kungekudala waphawula amaningana amthakazelisa waze waqala ukuwafisa. Lapho esebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile, wayelokhu efuna kakhulu. Inkinga akuyona nje isikhathi esichithwa kwi-intanethi. Manje wayesethole ukunambitheka kohlobo lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuthi, ekudleni okukhulu noma okuncane, ekugcineni kwathinta ubuhlobo bakhe nobuciko bezocansi ...

SLIDE 33

Njengoba umfana ebuyela ekuzweleni okujwayelekile, ubuchopho bakhe bubheka imivuzo eguquke ukufuna-kubandakanya ukuxhumana okunobungane nabalingani bangempela. Nasi esinye isibonelo esisodwa salokho esikuzwa nsuku zonke:

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Umqondo oyinhloko we-slide i-33 yilokho i-porn ye-intanethi ithinta kabi ubuhlobo obuseduze. Njengama-slides ambalwa adlule Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa sithembele ezinkulungwaneni zokuzimela ngabantu abaqedile izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi bahlangabezana nokukhangwa okusha kwabalingani bangempela, ukuvusa okukhulu nabalingani babo, kanye nobulili obuhle kakhulu. Ama-akhawunti amaningi anjalo angatholakala kulawa makhasi (futhi ubone izigaba zokuphawula ngezansi izihloko):

Ngaphandle kwemibiko yokuzimela kanye nobufakazi obungokomtholampilo, izifundo eziningi ze-2012 zishicilelwe ukuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokocansi nokunethezeka kobudlelwane:

1) Umphumela we-Erotica kuma-Young Men's Aesthetic Perception of Abalingani babo bobulili bobulili (1984) - Ingcaphuno:

Abesilisa abathola iziqu zokuqala bavezwa (a) izigcawu zemvelo noma (b) okuhle kuqhathaniswa (c) nabesifazane abangathandeki ezimeni eziheha ngokocansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, bahlola ukunxenxa kwabo ngokocansi ngabangane babo futhi bahlola ukwaneliseka kwabo nabalingani babo. Ezinyathelweni ezingokomfanekiso zamaphrofayili wokukhanga ngokomzimba weflethi ngokusebenzisa isifuba se-hypervoluptuous kanye ne-buttock, ukuvezwa kwabesifazane abahle kwakuvame ukucindezela isikhalazo sabalingani, ngenkathi ukubonakaliswa kwabesifazane abangathandeki kuthanda ukukukhulisa. Ngemuva kokuvezwa kwabesifazane abahle, inani lobuhle bomlingani lehle kakhulu ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngemuva kokuvezwa kwabesifazane abangathandeki; leli nani lithathe isikhundla esimaphakathi ngemuva kokuvezwa kokulawulwa. Izinguquko ekubukeni kobuhle bomlingani azange zihambisane nezinguquko zokwaneliseka ngabalingani, noma kunjalo.

2) Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezimisweni zomndeni (1988) - Ingcaphuno:

Abafundi abesilisa nabesifazane nabangenalo ulwazi bavezwe kumavidiyo amavidyofrikhi ahambisana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma ezingenasici noma okuqukethwe okungcolile. Ukuvezwa kwakunemihlangano yehora ngamasonto ayisithupha alandelanayo. Ngeviki lesikhombisa, izifundo zihlanganyele ekutadisheni okungahambisani nhlobo ezikhungweni zomphakathi kanye nokuzikhandla komuntu siqu. Umshado, ubudlelwane bokusebenzisana, kanye nezindaba ezihlobene nabo bahlulelwa nge-questionnaire ye-Value-of-Marriage ekhethekile. Okutholakele kubonakele umthelela oqhubekayo wokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ukuvezwa kwenzelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwamukelwa okukhulu kocansi ngaphambi kokusuka komunye nomunye nokubekezelelana okukhulu kokufinyelela okungavamile kocansi kubalingani abasondelene nabo. Yathuthukisa inkolelo yokuthi ukuziphatha kabi kwabantu besilisa nabesifazane kuyimvelo nokuthi ukucindezelwa kokuthambekela kobulili kubangela ingozi yempilo. Ukuvezwa kwanciphisa ukuhlolwa komshado, okwenza lesi sikhungo sibonakale singabonakali kakhulu futhi singabi namandla esikhathini esizayo. Ukuvezwa kwanciphisa nesifiso sokuba nezingane futhi kwagqugquzela ukwamukelwa kokuhlonishwa kwamadoda kanye nobugqila besifazane. Ngaphandle kokungavamile, le miphumela yayiyifomu efanayo kubantu abaphendulile besilisa nabesifazane kanye nabafundi nabangenalo.

3) Umthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekugcululeni ngokocansi (1988) - Ingcaphuno:

Abafundi besilisa nabesifazane nabangafundile bavezwa kumakhasethi evidiyo abonisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezivamile, ezingenalo udlame noma okuqukethwe okungenacala. Ukuvezwa kwaba ngezikhathi zehora emavikini ayisithupha alandelanayo. Esontweni lesikhombisa, izifundo zibambe iqhaza ocwaningweni olungahlobene nezikhungo zomphakathi kanye nokweneliseka komuntu siqu. [Ukusetshenziswa kocansi] kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuzihloleni ngokwakho kwezocansi. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, izihloko zabika ukwaneliseka okuncane ngabalingani babo abasondelene-ikakhulukazi, ngothando lwabalingani babo, ukubukeka komzimba, ilukuluku lezocansi nokwenza kahle kwezocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezinikezwe ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezocansi ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka ngokomzwelo. Le miphumela ibifana phakathi kobulili nakubantu.

4) Umthelela we-eerotica ethandwayo kwizahlulelo zezihambi nabantu abashadile (1989) - Ingcaphuno:

Esivivinyweni i-2, izihloko zesilisa nabesifazane zazivezwe olwazini oluhlukile locansi. Esifundweni sesibili, kwakukhona ukuxhumana kocansi lwesimo nesimo sokuvuselela ekulinganisweni kocansi. Imiphumela engafanele yokuvezwa kwendawo yangaphakathi yayifunwa kuphela kwezifundo zesilisa ezivezwe emanzini wesifazane. Abesilisa abayitholile Playboy-parkestfolds ezithokozisa kakhulu zizilinganisa ngokwabo njengoba kancane othandweni nomkabo.

5)  Ukuzilibazisa kwamadoda nokuphila kwabesifazane: Umthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubesifazane (1999) - Ingcaphuno:

Isigaba salolu daba lapho abesifazane bexoxisana khona nobuhlobo babo bamanje noma obudlulile namadoda babonisa ukuqonda okwengeziwe mayelana nomphumela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ebuhlotsheni obunjalo. Abayishumi nesishiyagalolunye kulaba besifazane babekhona, noma bebekhona, ubudlelwane namadoda aqasha noma abathengisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile okungenani ngesinye isikhathi. Kulaba besifazane be-15, abane babonisa ukungathandi kakhulu kwenzalo yomngane wabo noma yomngane wabo wokuzilibazisa ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile. Kwakusobala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabayeni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwabathinta abafazi ngokuzizwa kwabo, imizwa yabo yobulili, kanye nobuhlobo babo bomshado ngokuvamile

6) Izibopho Zomphakathi Abantu abadala kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi (2004) - Ingcaphuno:

Idatha ephelele kubasebenzisi be-531 be-Inthanethi bathathwa kwi-General Social Surveys ye-2000. Izindlela zokubophezelwa komphakathi zibandakanya izibopho zenkolo, zomshado nezombusazwe. Izinyathelo zokubamba iqhaza ezindleleni zokuphila eziphambene nobulili nezihlobene nezidakamizwa, kanye nokulawulwa kwezibalo kufakiwe. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwemigomo yokutholakala kwemithi ithola ukuthi phakathi kokuqaphelisisa okuqine kakhulu kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyberporn kwakuyizibopho ezibuthakathaka enkolweni nokuntuleka komshado ojabulisayo.

7) I-Sex in America Online: Ukuhlolisisa Ubulili, Isimo Somshado, Nokuthi Ukwaziswa Ngokobulili Ekufuneni Ngocansi Inthanethi kanye Nemithelela Yaso (2008) - Ingcaphuno:

Lesi bekuyisifundo sokuhlola ucansi nobudlelwano obufunwa kwi-Intanethi, ngokususelwa kwinhlolovo yabaphenduli be-15,246 e-United States amaphesenti ayisikhombisa nanhlanu abesilisa kanye ne-41% yabesifazane ababebuke noma balande i-porn ngamabomu. Abesilisa nabesilisa abathandana nobulili obufanayo / abathandana nobulili obufanayo bebesemathubeni amaningi okufinyelela kuzocansi noma ukuzibandakanya kwezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezifuna ucansi online uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkinga noma abesifazane. Ubudlelwano obulinganayo buvezwe phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngenxa yokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, nabesifazane bebika imiphumela emibi kakhulu, kubandakanya ukwehlisa isithombe somzimba, umlingani ogxeka umzimba wabo, ingcindezi eyengeziwe yokwenza izinto ezibonwa kumafilimu ezithombe zocansi, kanye nocansi olungelona olangempela, ngenkathi abesilisa babike ukuthi bagxeka kakhulu umzimba wabalingani babo futhi abanandaba kangako nocansi lwangempela.

8) Ukuboniswa Kwengane Yobuningi Emibonweni Ye-Internet Eya ocansini ngokobulili Ukuneliseka ngokocansi: Isifundo se-Longitudinal (2009) - Ingcaphuno:

Phakathi kukaMeyi 2006 noMeyi 2007, senze inhlolovo yamapulangwe amathathu e-1,052 abaseNtshonalanga ase-Dutch abaneminyaka engu-13-20. Ukwakhiwa kwe-equation model kuveze ukuthi ukuvezwa kwe-SEIM kuhlale kunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokobulili kwentsha. Ukwaneliseka kocansi okuphansi (ku-Wave 2) nakho kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEIM (ku-Wave 3). Umphumela wokwehliswa kwe-SEIM ngokunethezeka ngokocansi akuzange kuhluke phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane abasha.

9) Ukwaziswa Kwabesifazane Ngezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zisebenzise futhi Zivumelanise Inkohliso njengengxube Yokunamathisela Ebudlelwaneni Bama-Pair-Bond (2009) - Ingcaphuno:

Ubufakazi buyakhula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungathinta kabi ukuthembela kokunamathiselwe ebudlelwaneni babantu abadala. Ihlaziya imithelela ehlobene nokunamathiselwe okuthathu ekusetshenzisweni kwenkohliso yezitho zobulili ezingcolile zabesilisa: (1) ukwakhiwa komugqa wephutha lokunamathiselwe ebudlelwaneni, okususelwa ekungathembekini kokunamathiselwe okubonwayo; (2) kulandelwa uqhekeko olwandayo lokunamathisela oluvela ekuboneni kwabafazi bebanga nokunqamuka kwabayeni babo; (3) kugcina ngokuhlukaniswa kokunamathiselwe kusuka emqondweni wokuba ungaphephile ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo ebudlelwaneni. Kukonke, amakhosikazi abike ukungathembani komhlaba wonke okukhombisa ukonakala kokunamathiselwe.

10) Ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana ngokobulili nokuwaneliseka ngokobudlelwano emibhangqwaneni engqingili (2010) - Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela iveze ukuthi imvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwemidiya yezocansi yamadoda ihlobene nokwaneliseka okungalungile emadodeni, kuyilapho imvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwabezindaba kwabesifazane ngokocansi ihlobene nokwaneliseka okuhle kwabalingani besilisa. Izizathu zokusetshenziswa kwemidiya yezocansi zihlukile ngobulili: Abesilisa babike ngokuyinhloko besebenzisa imithombo yezocansi ukushaya indlwabu, kuyilapho abesifazane bebika ikakhulukazi besebenzisa imithombo yezocansi njengengxenye yokwenza uthando nabalingani babo.

11) Ukuhlolisisa umlingisi nomlingani womlingani wokwaneliseka ngokocansi emibhangqweni eshadile (2010) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukusebenzisa Isibonelo Sokushintshaniswa Kwabantu Abathintekayo, sibheka ukuthi ukungathembeki, ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukwaneliseka emshadweni, imvamisa yezocansi, ubulili ngaphambi komshado, kanye nokuhlala ndawonye kubandakanya imibhangqwana eshadile 'nokwaneliseka ngokobulili. Idatha esuka kumibhangqwana ye-433 ihlaziywa ngamamodeli wokulinganisa okwakhiwayo ukuze inqume iminikelo. Okokugcina, ubufakazi obunye bubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyabiza ukwaneliseka ngokobulili komuntu nomlingani wakhe, ikakhulukazi lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisetshenziswa yedwa kuphela.

12) Abantu abangakaze babheke i-SEM babike izinga eliphezulu lobuhlobo kuzo zonke izinhlayiya kunalabo ababuka i-SEM yodwa (i-2011) - Ingcaphuno:

Njengoba kulindelwe, abantu abangaboni i-SEM (izinto ezicacile ngokocansi) kuzo zonke ukuxhumana okungezansi okubikiwe okukhulunywe phansi nokuzinikezela okuphakeme kunabantu ababheka i-SEM yedwa noma bobabili bodwa kanye nomlingani wabo.

13) Ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana ngokobulili nokuwaneliseka ngokobudlelwano emibhangqwaneni engqingili (2011) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukuthi imidiya yezocansi isetshenziswa kanjani yilungu elilodwa noma womabili e-dyad yothando ehlobene nobudlelwano nokwaneliseka ngokocansi. Ingqikithi yemibhangqwana engama-217 yobungqingili igcwalise inhlolovo ye-Intanethi ehlola ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezocansi, ubudlelwane nokwaneliseka ngokocansi, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwabantu. Imiphumela iveze ukuthi imvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwemidiya yezocansi yamadoda ihlobene nokwaneliseka okungalungile emadodeni, kuyilapho imvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwabezindaba kwabesifazane ngokocansi ihlobene nokwaneliseka okuhle kwabalingani besilisa. Izizathu zokusetshenziswa kwemidiya yezocansi zihlukile ngobulili

14) Izinhlangano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwabantu abadala abasezikhungweni ezibonakalayo zobulili kanye nokuthandwa kwabo ngokocansi, ukuziphatha, nokwaneliseka (2011) - Izingcaphuno:

Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo zocansi (SEM) kuhlotshaniswa nokwaneliseka okuncane kwezocansi nobudlelwano. Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-SEM nenombolo yezinhlobo ze-SEM ezibukwayo zombili zihlotshaniswa nezintandokazi eziphakeme zocansi zezinhlobo zezenzo zocansi ezilethwa ku-SEM. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEM kungadlala indima enkulu ezicini ezahlukahlukene zezinqubo zokukhulisa ezocansi zabantu abadala.

Ngokucacile, imvamisa yokubuka ephezulu ihlotshaniswa nokugculiseka okungezansi kobulili nokuzwana uma ulawula ubulili, inkolo, isimo sokuthandana nenani lezinhlobo ze-SEM ezibukwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu abasha kulolu cwaningo ibike ukuthi isebenzise i-SEM, lokho okushiwo okungenzeka kuyabonakala ngokukhethekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha.

15) Ukubuka Izinto ezicacile zocansi ezodwa noma ezihlangene: Izinhlangano nobudlelwano bobuhlobo (2011) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo luphenye izinhlangano phakathi kokubuka izinto eziveza obala ucansi (SEM) nobudlelwano obusebenza kusampula engahleliwe yabantu abangu-1291 abangashadile ebudlelwaneni bezothando. Abesilisa abaningi (76.8%) kunabesifazane (31.6%) babike ukuthi babheka i-SEM bebodwa, kepha cishe isigamu sabo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane babika kwesinye isikhathi bebuka i-SEM nomlingani wabo (44.8%). Abantu abangakaze babheke i-SEM babike ikhwalithi ephezulu yobudlelwano kuzo zonke izinkomba kunalabo ababheka i-SEM bodwa. Labo ababheka i-SEM kuphela nabalingani babo babika ukuzinikezela nokwaneliseka okuphezulu kwezocansi kunalabo ababheka i-SEM bodwa. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwalabo abangakaze babuke i-SEM nalabo abayibuka kuphela nabalingani babo ukuthi labo abangakaze bayibuke banamazinga aphansi okungathembeki.

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Kusukela ngo-2017, okungenani izifundo ezingamashumi amahlanu nanhlanu zixhumanise ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwabampofu ukwaneliseka ngokobulili nobuhlobo. Ngenkathi izifundo ezimbalwa zihambisana nokusetshenziswa kocansi okukhulu kwabesifazane ukwaneliseka okukhulu kwezocansi, iningi alinalo (bheka lolu hlu - Ucwaningo lwezingcingo olubandakanya izihloko zabesifazane: Imiphumela emibi ekuvusweni, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, kanye nobuhlobo). Njengoba ngiyazi ukuthi zonke izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zabika ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuxhunyiwe abampofu ukwaneliseka ngokobulili noma ngokobudlelwano.

Kulolu hlu olungezansi, ukutadisha #1 ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta, ukutadisha #2 kwabasebenzisi be-porn bazama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-porn yamaviki angu-3, futhi izifundo ze-3 nge-7 ziyi-longitudinal:

1) Ukusetshenziswa kobulili nokunethezeka: I-Meta-Analysis (2017) - Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwezinye izifundo ezahlukahlukene ezihlola ukwaneliseka ngokocansi nobudlelwano kubike ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn bekuhlala kuhlobene nokunciphisa ukwaneliseka kocansi nobudlelwano (ukwaneliseka kwabantu). Ngenkathi ezinye izifundo zibika umphumela omncane omubi wokusetshenziswa kocansi ekwanelisekeni ngokocansi nobudlelwano kwabesifazane, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iphesenti elincane kakhulu labesifazane abahlanganisiwe (kulo lonke inani labantu) badla i-porn ye-inthanethi. Imininingwane ehlukanisiwe evela kwinhlolovo enkulu yase-US (i-General Social Survey) iphakamisa ukuthi yi-2.6% kuphela yabesifazane ababevakashele "iwebhusayithi yezocansi" ngenyanga edlule (2002-2004). Ingcaphuno:

Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela ephansi yokwaneliseka kwezenhlalo ekuhloleni okulandelana, ukuhlolwa kwe-longitudinal, nokuhlola. Izinhlangano phakathi kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokunciphisa imiphumela yokwaneliseka komuntu siqu azizange zilinganiswe ngonyaka wazo wokukhululwa noma isimo sabo sokushicilela. Kodwa ukuhlaziywa ngocansi kugxeke imiphumela ebalulekile yamadoda kuphela.

2) Uthando Lungahlali Kuphela: Ukusebenzisa Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nokuzibophezela Okunciphise Kwangxenye Yomuntu Oyedwa (2012) - Isifundo sinezihloko ezama ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwamaviki e-3. Lapho eqhathaniswa namaqembu amabili, labo abaqhubeka besebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile babika amazinga aphansi okuzinikela kunabo abazama ukugwema. Okucaphuno:

Ucwaningo lwe-1 lithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kuhlobene nokuzibophezela okuphansi

Abafundi be-3 babekwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba bayeke ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma umsebenzi wokuzithiba. Labo abaqhubeka besebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile babika amazinga aphansi okuzibophezela kunokulawula abahlanganyeli.

Ucwaningo lwe-5 lithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene ngokuqondile nokungathembeki futhi lo mhlangano wawuhlangene ngokuzibophezela. Ngokubanzi, iphethini lemiphumela eqhubekayo itholakale besebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezibandakanya izigaba ezihlukene (Ucwaningo lwe-1), ukubuka (Ucwaningo lwe-2), ukuhlolwa (Ucwaningo lwe-3), kanye nokuziphatha (i-Studies 4 ne-5) idatha.

3) Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi nobuhlobo bomhlobo: Ukufundwa kwe-longitudinal ngaphakathi kanye naphakathi kwemiphumela yomlingani yokulungiswa, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi kanye nezinto zokuxhumana ze-intanethi ezicacile ngokobulili phakathi kwezintsha ezisanda kutholakala (2015) - Ingcaphuno:

Idatha evela esampula enkulu yabashadayo yabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEIM kunemiphumela emibi kunemiphumela emihle yamadoda nabafazi. Okubalulekile, ukulungiswa kwamadoda kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEIM ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEIM kunciphise ukulungiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaneliseka okwengeziwe kocansi emadodeni kwabikezela ukwehla emkhatsini wabafazi babo 'UKUSEBENZISWA kONYAKA ngonyaka owodwa, ngenkathi abafazi' UKUSEBENZISWA KWEZIMALI akuzange kushintshe ukwaneliseka kwabo ngokocansi.

4) Ingabe Ukubuka Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kunciphisa Ubuningi Bomshado Ngokuhamba Nesikhathi? Ubufakazi obuvela ku-Longitudinal Data (2016) - Ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-longitudinal engxenyeni emele imibhangqwana eshadile. Ithole imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kocansi kwikhwalithi yomshado ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo lungolokuqala ukudweba kumininingwane emele izwe lonke, imininingwane ye-longitudinal (2006-2012 Portraits ye-American Life Study) ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe izithombe zocansi ezivame kakhulu ziyayithonya yini imfanelo yomshado ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthi ngabe lo mphumela ulinganiselwa ubulili. Ngokuvamile, abantu abashadile ababevame ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-2006 babike amazinga aphansi kakhulu wekhwalithi yomshado ku-2012, inetha lokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yangaphambilini yomshado kanye nama-correlates afanele. Umphumela wezithombe zocansi wawungewona nje ummeleli wokungagculiseki ngempilo yezocansi noma ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zomshado ngonyaka we-2006. Ngokuya ngethonya elinamandla, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngo-2006 kwaba yisibikezeli sesibili esiqine kakhulu sekhwalithi yomshado e2012.

5) Kuze Kuze Kube Nezingcolile Ukuthi Siyingxenye? Imiphumela Longitudinal Ye-Pornography Sebenzisa ku-Divorce (2017) - Lolu cwaningo lwe-longitudinal lusebenzise idatha yephaneli ejwayelekile ye-General Social Survey eqoqwe ezinkulungwaneni zabantu abadala baseMelika. Abaphenduli babuzwa kathathu ngokusetshenziswa kwabo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nesimo sabo somshado - njalo eminyakeni emibili kusuka ku-2006-2010, 2008-2012, noma i-2010-2014. Izingcaphuno:

Ukuqala ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwamagagasi okuhlola kucishe kwaphindeka kabili amathuba okuba umuntu ahlukanise ngenkathi elandelayo yocwaningo, kusuka kumaphesenti ayi-6 kuye kumaphesenti ayi-11, futhi kucishe kwaphindeka kathathu kwabesifazane, kusuka kumaphesenti ayi-6 kuya kumaphesenti ayi-16. Imiphumela yethu ikhombisa ukuthi ukubuka izithombe zocansi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenhlalo, kungaba nemiphumela emibi ekuzinzileni komshado. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwamagagasi ocwaningo kwakuhlotshaniswa namathuba amancane edivosi, kepha kwabesifazane kuphela.

Ngokwengeziwe, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi izinga labaphenduli ekuqaleni labika injabulo yasemshadweni lidlale indima ebalulekile ekutholeni ubukhulu bokuzibandakanya kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile namathuba edivosi. Phakathi kwabantu ababike ukuthi "bajabule kakhulu" emshadweni wabo kugagasi lokuqala locwaningo, ukuqala ukubukwa kwezithombe zocansi ngaphambi kocwaningo olulandelayo kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda okuphawuleka - kusuka kumaphesenti ama-3 kuye kumaphesenti ayi-12 - emathubeni okuba bahlukanise ngesikhathi lokho kuhlola okulandelayo.

Ukuhlaziywa okungeziwe kwabonisa nokuthi ubudlelwane phakathi kokuqala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile basebenzisa kanye namathuba okuhlukanisa kwaba namandla ikakhulukazi kwabaseMelika abancane, labo ababengaphansi kwezenkolo, nalabo ababika injabulo enkulu yomshado yokuqala.

6) I-Pornography Sebenzisa nokuhlukaniswa komshado: Ubufakazi obuvela kuDatha ye-Two-Wave Panel (2017) - Ukufundwa kwesikhatsi eside. Okucaphuno:

Ukudweba idatha esuka kuma-2006 nama-2012 amagagasi ama-Portraits awakhulunywa nguzwelonke e-American Life Study, lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi ngabe abashadile baseMelika ababukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-2006, noma kunjalo noma ngezikhathi eziningi, babe nethuba lokuhlukana komshado nge-2012. Ukuhlaziywa kwemibono kanambambili kubonisa ukuthi abantu baseMelika abashadile ababuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nhlobo ku-2006 babengaphezu kokuphindwe kabili njengalabo abangazange babheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze bahlukane ngo-2012, ngisho nangemva kokulawula injabulo yomshado we-2006 nokwaneliseka ngokobulili kanye ne-sociodemographic efanelekayo ihambisana. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile basebenzisa imvamisa kanye nokuhlukana komshado, noma kunjalo, kwakuyi-curvilinear yekhono. Amathuba okuhlukaniswa komshado ngo-2012 akhuliswe nge-pornography ye-2006 asebenzisa iphuzu bese enqabela kumazinga aphakeme kakhulu okusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile.

7) Ingabe Abasebenzisa Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kungenzeka Basheshe Bahlangane? Ubufakazi obuvela ku-Longitudinal Data (2017) - Ukufundwa kwesikhatsi eside. Okucaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukuthi ngabe amaMelika abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, noma kunjalo noma ngaphezulu, athambekele kakhulu ukubika ukuthi bahlukana ngothando ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Idatha ye-longitudinal ithathwe emagagasi e-2006 ne-2012 we-Portraits emele i-American Life Study. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinto ezinobuntshonalanga kuhlaziya ukuthi abakwaMelika ababuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nhlobo ku-2006 babe cishe cishe kabili njengalabo abangakaze babheke izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuthi babike ukuthi bahlukana ngothando ngo-2012, ngisho nangemva kokulawula izici ezifanele ezifana nobuhlobo be-2006 nobuhlobo be-sociodemographic correlates. Le nhlangano yayinamandla kakhulu kubantu kunabesifazane nakwabantu baseMelika abangashadile kunokuba abakwaMelika abashadile. Ukuhlaziya futhi kuboniswe ubuhlobo obuphakathi kokuthi ama-Amerika amaningi abheka kanjani izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-2006 kanye nezinkinga zabo zokubhekana nokuhlukana nge-2012.

8) Imibiko Yabesifazane Yabesifazane Abakhudlwana Ngamanye Amanyalabuli Ezingcolile Zomlingani Wabo Abasilisa Abasebenzisa I-Correlate of Self-Esteem, Ubuhlobo Bobuhlobo, Nokugculiseka Ngocansi (2012) - Ingcaphuno:

Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlolisisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetshenziswa kobulili bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kokubili imvamisa kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ekusebenzisaneni kwabo ngokobulili nomlingani wabo wesifazane ocansini obesilisa nabesifazane phakathi kwabantu base XENUMX abasebasha abadala bekholeji. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi imibiko yabesifazane yocingo labo abalingani babo abesilisa abasebenzisa ngayo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zahlotshaniswa kabi nekhwalithi labo lobuhlobo. Ukubona okuningi kokusetshenziswa kabuhlungu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakungavumelani kabi nokuzihlonipha, izinga lobuhlobo, nokwaneliseka ngokocansi.

9) Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziyasetshenziswa: ngubani oyisebenzisayo nokuthi uhlotshaniswa kanjani nemiphumela emibhangqwana (i-2013) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise izinhlangano phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisetshenziswayo, okusho ukuthi abantu banamathisela ekusebenziseni kwazo, ikhwalithi yezocansi, nokwaneliseka kobudlelwano. Ababambe iqhaza kwakungamabhangqwana (N = 617 imibhangqwana) ababeshadile noma behlala ndawonye ngesikhathi idatha ihlanganiswa. Imiphumela ephelele yalolu cwaningo ikhombise ukwehluka okukhulu kobulili maqondana namaphrofayli wokusebenzisa, kanye nokuhlangana kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nezici zobudlelwano. Ngokuqondile, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi zowesilisa kwakuhlotshaniswa kabi nekhwalithi yezocansi yowesilisa nowesifazane, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi zesifazane kwakuhlotshaniswa kahle nekhwalithi yezocansi yabesifazane.

10) Ukubonwa Kwamanyala E-Inthanethi kanye nesimo sengqondo sabesifazane ngokuya ocansini ocansini: Isifundo Esihlolisisayo (2013) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo lokuhlola luhlolisise ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokuchayeka kwabesifazane abadala base-US ezithombeni ezingcolile ze-Intanethi kanye nesimo sengqondo ngokuya ocansini ngaphandle komshado besebenzisa imininingwane enikezwe yiGeneral Social Survey (GSS). Ukuhlangana okuhle phakathi kokubukwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi kanye nezimo zengqondo zocansi ezingaphandle komshado ezitholakele.

11) Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nomshado (2014) - Okungabonakali:

Sisebenzise idatha ku-20,000 abadala abashadile ku-General Social Survey ukuze bahlole ubuhlobo phakathi kokubuka amafilimu angcolile kanye nezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila komshado. Sithole ukuthi abantu abadala ababebukele i-movie e-X ngonyaka odlule babe namathuba amaningi okuhlukaniswa, kungenzeka ukuthi babe nezindaba zangaphandle, futhi bancane amathuba okubika ukuthi bajabule ngomshado wabo noma jikelele. Sithole nokuthi, kubantu, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zinciphisa ubuhlobo obuhle phakathi kwemvamisa yocansi nenjabulo. Okokugcina, sithole ukuthi ubudlelwane obubi phakathi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuphila kahle komshado, uma kunoma yini, ikhulile ngokwedlula isikhathi, phakathi nesikhathi lapho izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zibabili zicacile futhi zitholakala kalula.

12) Ngaphezu kokubambisana? Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nesimo sengqondo sokulala ngokobulili phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US (i-2014) - Izingcaphuno:

Lo mbiko omfushane wasebenzisa idatha yephaneli kazwelonke ehlangene kusuka kumasampula amabili ahlukene abantu abadala base-US abashadile. Idatha ibuthwe kusuka kusampula lokuqala ku-2006 naku-2008. Idatha yaqoqwa isampula yesibili ku-2008 naku-2010. Ngokuvumelana nombono wokufunda umphakathi kumithombo yezokuxhumana, ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhambisana nemicabango yokuziphatha ngokobulili engezansi kokubili kokubili kwesampuli, ngisho nangemva kokulawulwa kwesimo sengqondo socansi sangaphambilini kanye nezingxabano eziyisishiyagalolunye ezingaphezu kwalokho.

Ngokuphelele, imiphumela yesifundo samanje ihambisana nalokho okushiwo ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziholela ekuthengeni nasekusebenziseni izikripthi zobulili, ezisetshenziselwa abathengi abaningi ukuba bazise isimo sabo sengqondo socansi (Wright, 2013a; Wright et al., I-2012a).

13) Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zaseKorea, Intshisekelo Yabo Ezithombeni Zobulili Ezingcolile Zobulili, nobudlelwane bobulili obudambisayo (2014) - Ingcaphuno:

Abafundi abangamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye nesithandana nabo baseNingizimu Korea baseKorea babambe iqhaza ekuhloleni kwe-intanethi. Iningi (i-84.5%) labaphendulile libukele izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, futhi kulabo abenza ucansi (abaphenduli be-470), sithole ukuthi inzalo ephezulu ekuhlambiseni izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile yayihlobene nokuhlangenwe nakho kwezingcingo zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile , nokukhetha ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze kutholakale futhi kugcinwe injabulo yocansi ngokuya ocansini nomlingani wakho.

Sithole ukuthi intshisekelo ephezulu yokubuka izithombe zocansi ezehlisa isithunzi noma ezeqisayo… inokuhle okuhle… ukuhlangana nokukhathazeka ngezocansi.

14) Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye ne-Male Sexual Script: Ukuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kanye nobuhlobo bobulili (2014) - Ingcaphuno:

Siphikisana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kudala iskripthi sezocansi bese siqondisa okuhlangenwe nakho kocansi. Ukuhlola lokhu, sihlolisise abesilisa basekolishi abangama-487 (abaneminyaka eyi-18-29 iminyaka) e-United States ukuqhathanisa isilinganiso sabo sokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi nezintandokazi zezocansi kanye nokukhathazeka. Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi umuntu obuka kakhulu izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kungenzeka ukuthi azisebenzise ngesikhathi socansi, acele izenzo ezithile zocansi zocansi zomlingani wakhe, enze ngamabomu izithombe zezithombe zocansi ngesikhathi socansi ukuze aqhubeke nokuvuka, futhi abe nokukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwakhe ngokocansi nomzimba wakhe isithombe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziphakeme kwakuhlotshaniswa kabi nokujabulela isimilo sokuziphatha kocansi nomlingani wakho.

15) Ama-Psychological, Relational, no-Sexual Correlates Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Sebenzisa ku-Amadoda Omncane Abadala Abesifazane Abashadile Ngobudlelwane Bothando (i-2014) - Ingcaphuno:

Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola okuphikisanayo (okungukuthi, ukungqubuzana kwendima yezobulili kanye nezitayela zokunamathisela) nemiphumela (okungukuthi, ikhwalithi yobudlelwano empofu nokwaneliseka ngokocansi) kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zamadoda ezisetshenziswa phakathi kwamadoda amasha angama-373 abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane. Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi imvamisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okunenkinga kwakuhlobene nokuphikisana okukhulu kwendima yezobulili, izitayela zokunamathisela ezivikelekile nezikhathazayo, ikhwalithi yobudlelwano empofu, nokwaneliseka okuncane kwezocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokho okutholakele kuhlinzekele ukusekelwa kwemodeli echazwe ngokusobala lapho ukungqubuzana kwendima yezobulili kwakuxhunyaniswa nemiphumela yezobudlelwano ngqo nangokungaqondile ngezitayela zokunamathisela nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi.

16) Izinhlangano phakathi kokuziphatha ngokobulili ngokobulili, ukusetshenziswa kocansi, nokuzithokozisa izithombe ezingcolile phakathi kwabafundi bekolishi lase-US (i-2014) - Ingcaphuno:

Kusetshenziswa isampula labantu abadala abangama-792 abasafufusa, isifundo samanje sihlolisise ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kusetshenziswa kanjani, ukwamukelwa, nokuziphatha kocansi ebudlelwaneni kunganikeza ukuqonda ngentuthuko yabantu abadala abasafufusa. Imiphumela iphakamise umehluko ocacile wobulili kuzo zombili izindlela zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye namaphethini wokwamukela. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zesilisa okuphezulu kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuzibandakanya okuphezulu kwezocansi ebudlelwaneni futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okuphezulu kokuthatha ubungozi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi zesifazane eziphakeme kwakungahlotshaniswa nokubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni kocansi ebuhlotsheni futhi kwakujwayelekile kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi yezempilo yengqondo.

17) Izingosi Ukubikezela Ukusetshenziswa Kwama-Cybersex Ukusetshenziswa Nezinkinga Ekuthuthukiseni Ubudlelwane Obuseduze Phakathi kwabasebenzisi Abesilisa nabesifazane Bokuxhumana Nge-Cybersex (2015) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise ukuhlolwa komlutha we-Cybersex, Ukulangazelela iphepha lemibuzo lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kanye ne-Questionnaire ngokusondelana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abangama-267 (abesilisa abayi-192 nabesifazane abangama-75) kusho iminyaka yobudala kwabesilisa abangama-28 nabesifazane abangama-25, abaqashwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile ezinikezelwe ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile futhi ucansi oluku-inthanethi oluku-Internet. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-regression ikhombisile ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ubulili, kanye nocansi lwe-inthanethi lubikezele kakhulu ubunzima ekusondeleni futhi kwabalelwa ku-66.1% wokwehluka kwesilinganiso kuhla lwemibuzo lokusondelana. Okwesibili, ukuhlaziywa kwe-regression kukhombisile nokuthi ukulangazelela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ubulili, nobunzima ekwakheni ubudlelwano obuseduze kwabikezela kakhulu imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ngocansi futhi kwabalelwa ku-83.7% wokwehluka kwezilinganiso zokusetshenziswa kocansi lwe-inthanethi.

18) Ukusebenzisana Kwabesifazane Ababambisene Nabo Abesifazane Abaqanjiwe Sebenzisa I-Health and Relational Health and Psychological Health: Izindleko zeTrust, Ukucabanga, nokuTyala (2015) - Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi imibiko yabesifazane yabesifazane abasebenzisana nabo ngokobulili yayisetshenziselwa ukwaneliseka kobudlelwano obuncane nokucindezeleka okungokwengqondo. Imiphumela evela ekuhlaziyweni kokulinganisela kuboniswe ukuthi umphumela oqondile wezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingabonikazi ezibonwayo zisebenzisana nobuhlobo bokuthembela kanye nemiphumela engavumelekile yomsindo wabalingani bobulili obunqunu abasebenzisana nabo basebenzise kokubili ukwaneliseka kobudlelwano nokucindezeleka kwengqondo kwakuhambisana nokutshalwa kwezimali. Lokhu kutholakala kubonise ukuthi lapho abalingani abathandanayo bebona ukuthi abalingani bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile basebenzisa phezulu, abesifazane abanamazinga aphansi noma asebenzayo okutshalomali ubudlelwane banokungathembeki okuncane. Ekugcineni, imiphumela yethu yembula ukuthi ubudlelwane phakathi kobulili obungcolile obubonakalayo obambisene nabo besilisa buyasebenza futhi imiphumela emihle neyengqondo ikhona kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sengqondo sabantu besifazane sibhekiswe ezingcolile

19) Ukuthandana kothando nokugcwala komshado nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwabafundi abashadile baseyunivesithi eBirjand, e-Iran (2015) - Izingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo oluchazayo-olwenziwe olwenziwe luqhutshwa kubafundi abashadile abangu-310 abafundela amanyuvesi ezizimele kanye nomphakathi eBirjand, ngonyaka wezifundo wezi-2012-2013 besebenzisa indlela yokulinganisa nge-random quota. Kubonakala sengathi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zinethonya elibi othandweni nokuzaneliseka komshado.

20)  Ukusuka Okubi Kuya Kokubi? Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ubuhlobo bomshado, ubulili, kanye nemfanelo yomshado (2016) - Izingcaphuno:

Ngivivinya imicabango engenhla ngisebenzisa imininingwane evela ku-Wave 1 ye-Portraits of American Life Study (PALS), eyafakwa ngo-2006. I-PALS wuphenyo lwamaphaneli abamele izwe lonke olunemibuzo egxile ezihlokweni ezahlukahlukene…. isampula ephelele, ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa kabi nokwaneliseka komshado, kusikisela ukuthi labo ababuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile bavame ukunganeliseki emshadweni wabo kunalabo ababuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kaningi noma bengalokothi

21) Ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya ecacile ngokocansi kanye nokwaneliseka kobudlelwano kunomsebenzi olinganiselayo wobudlelwane obungokomzwelo? (I-2016) - Ababhali bazame ukuphazamisa abakutholile ku-abstract ngokusho ukuthi uma ukuguquguquka kocansi nobudlelwano "kulawulwa," abatholanga ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokwaneliseka kobudlelwano. Iqiniso: Ucwaningo luthole ukuxhumana okuphawulekayo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nobudlelwano obumpofu nokwaneliseka ngokobulili kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kucashunwe esigabeni sengxoxo:

Kuzo zombili amadoda nabesifazane, ukulingana okuphawulekayo, kodwa okuthobekile okungahambi kahle phakathi kwe-SEM nokusetshenziselwa ukwaneliseka kobudlelwano kutholakala, okubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-SEM okwandisiwe kwahlotshaniswa nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane obuphansi kulo lonke ubulili.

22) Umphumela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili obuncane ezithinta ubulili besifazane (i-2016) - Ingcaphuno:

I-51.6% yabahlanganyeli abaqaphela ukuthi abayeni babo ababukeli obuhle babika ukuthi babhekene nemizwa emibi (ukucindezeleka, umona), kuyilapho i-77% ibike ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwabayeni babo. Ababukeli abangabonisi babenelisekile kakhulu ngokuphila kwabo ngokocansi uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingani babo. Nakuba ukubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili obuncane kunomthelela obala kakhulu ngesifiso sobulili, ukugcoba kwamasendlini, ikhono lokufinyelela i-orgasm, nokushaya indlwabu, kwakungazange kube nemiphumela ephawulekayo emvamisa. Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kuthinta impilo yabesifazane ngokocansi ngokwandisa ukukhukhumeza ngokobulili kokubili amadoda nabesifazane, okubangela ubunzima bokuxhumana.

23) Ukuhlaziywa Okuvamile-Ukuhlaselwa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ukwamukelwa, Ukusetshenziswa, Nokugculiseka Ngokocansi Phakathi Kokushada Kwabantu Abashadile (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi ukwehluka okwabiwe kokwamukelwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa kahle nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi zombili zomlingani nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kwabashadile kwakuhlotshaniswa kabi nokwaneliseka kwabo ngokocansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi zabafazi kutholakale ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa kahle nokuhluka okwabiwe okwabelwana ngakho ngokwaneliseka kocansi, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile akuzange kubuxazulule kakhulu ubudlelwano phakathi kokwamukelwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokwaneliseka ngokocansi.

24) Ukuhlukana Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zisebenzise Phakathi Kokubambisana: Izinhlangano Nokwaneliseka, Ukuzinza, Nezobudlelwane (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Isifundo samanje sasebenzisa isampula se-1755 imibhangqwana yabantu abadala ekuhlotsheni okuthandana ngokobulili ukuze bahlole ukuthi amaphethini ahlukene kanjani ezithombe zobulili ezingcolile asebenzisana phakathi kwabalingani bomshado angase ahlotshaniswe nemiphumela yobudlelwane. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi kanye neminye imibhangqwana emihle, akukho isifundo esicubungile ukuthi umehluko phakathi kokubambisana ungahle uhlotshaniswe nobungani obuhle. Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ukungafani okukhulu phakathi kozakwethu ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene nokuzaneliseka kobudlelwane obuncane, ukuzinza okuncane, ukukhulumisana okuncane, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okungaphezulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Mediation kuphakanyiswe ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingaphezulu zisebenzisa ukungahambisani ngokuyinhloko ezihlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okuhlukunyezwa kwabantu besilisa, isifiso sobulili esincani esingaphansi, kanye nokukhulumisana okuncane kokubili kwabalingani abese babikezela ukwaneliseka okuphansi nokuzwana kwabo bobabili abalingani.

25) Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zakwa-intanethi nokuzinikela kobudlelwane ngabanye abantu basePhilippines abashadile (i-2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi zinemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuzibophezelaneni kobudlelwane. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuqondana ngokuqondile nokunciphisa ubuhlobo bobulili. Ngakho-ke lokhu kungase kuholele ekubeni buthakathaka ubuhlobo bomlingani wabo. Ukuze bathole ukufaneleka kwesimangalo, abacwaningi bahlose ukuhlola ubuhlobo bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ekuzibophezelweni kobudlelwane kwabantu abashadile ePhilippines. Kuvezwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet kunomthelela omubi ekuzibophezelweni kobudlelwane emishadweni yasePhilippines eshadile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubheka izithombe ezingcolile ku-intanethi kwancipha ukuzinikela kobudlelwane okuholela ebuhlotsheni obungaphephile. Lolu uphenyo luthola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwe-intanethi kunomthelela omubi owenziwe ngokuzibophezela ekuzibophezelaneni kobudlelwane nabantu abashadile basePhilippines

26) Imibono yokwaneliseka kobudlelwano nokuziphatha okuluthayo: Ukuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kanye nensangu (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ezincwadini eziningi ukuthi indlela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zithinta kanjani imibono yobudlelwane bomshado. Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise uma imiphumela emibi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kocansi ocansini ngokweqile kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezihlukile kunemiphumela emibi ekhishwe ezinye izimo zokucindezela noma zokulutha, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwegciwane. Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobudlelwane obuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokusetshenziswa kobambisene naye obunenkinga kubonakala ukuthi kuthinta ubudlelwane obunothando obufanayo futhi kunomthelela ekunciphiseni ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane.

27) Imiphumela yezinto ezicacile zocansi ezisetshenziselwa ubudlelwane bomdanso obunothando (i-2016) - Izingcaphuno:

Ngokuqondile, imibhangqwana, lapho kungekho muntu osetshenzisiwe khona, ibike ukwaneliseka kakhudlwana kakhudlwana kunelabo abashadile ababenebasebenzisi ngabanye. Lokhu kuyahambisana nophenyo olwedlule (UCooper et al., 1999; I-Manning, i-2006), ebonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuzimele kwezinto eziphathelene nobulili kubangela imiphumela emibi.

Ngomthelela wobulili obanjwe njalo, abasebenzisi ngabanye babika ukusondelana nokuzibophezela okuncane kakhulu ebuhlotsheni babo kunabangewona abasebenzisi nabasebenzisi abelwe ngazo.

Ngokuvamile, ukuthi umuntu ubuka kaningi kangakanani izinto ezingcolile zobulili kungathinta imiphumela yabasebenzisi. Ukutadisha kwethu kwathola ukuthi abasebenzisi abavame ukuvama kakhulu banamathuba amaningi okuba nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane obuseduze kanye nobudlelwane obuseduze ebuhlotsheni babo bomshado.

28) Ukucubungula nge-Cyberpornography: Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhathi, Ukuqeda Isiyaluyalu, Ukusebenza Ngokobulili, Nokugculiseka Ngokocansi (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Okokuqala, ngisho nalapho ukulawula ukulutha okubonakalayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-cyberpornography nokusebenza kocansi jikelele, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyberpornography kuhlala kuhlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nokunganeliseki ngokocansi. Ngisho noma lobudlelwane obubi obuqondile bebukhulu obuncane, isikhathi esichithwa ukubuka i-cyberpornography kubonakala sengathi kuyisimo esihle sokuneliseka ngokocansi.

29) Ikhwalithi yobudlelwane libikezela imisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi phakathi kwabantu baseShayina nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane abathandana nabo ngokuzibophezela (2016) - Ingcaphuno:

Kulolu cwaningo, sihlolisise imisebenzi yezocansi e-intanethi (OSA) yamadoda nabesifazane baseShayina ngokuzibophezela ngokuzibophezela, ngokugxila kwezici ze-OSA kanye nezici ezenza amadoda nabesifazane babe nabalingani abazinzile ukuba bahlanganyele ema-OSA. Cishe i-89% yabahlanganyeli ibike ukuhlangenwe nakho kwe-OSA ezinyangeni ezidlule ze-12 ngisho noma babe nomlingani wangempela wokuphila. Njengoba kwabikezelwa, abantu abanekhwalithi ephansi yobungane empilweni yangempela, kufaka phakathi ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane obuphansi, okunamathiselwe okungavikelekile, namaphethini wokuxhumana angalungile, ababandakanya ama-OSA njalo. Ngokubanzi, imiphumela yethu iphakamisa ukuthi iziguquguquko ezithonya ukungathembeki okungaxhunywanga ku-inthanethi nazo zingathonya ukungathembeki kwikhompyutha.

30) Indima Yezingcolile Ze-Inthanethi Sebenzisa nokungathembeki ku-Inthanethi phakathi koMphakathi phakathi koMuntu, Okunamathiselwe, no-Couple nokuThuthukiswa kocansi (2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Imiphumela yethu ibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuhlobene nokucansi kuhlotshaniswa nobunzima obunqunu kanye nocansi ngokunyuka kokungathembeki kwama-cyber.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlobene kabi nokwaneliseka ngokocansi kwabesilisa, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kwabesifazane. Emadodeni, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme, ukugqugquzela, nokuthokozisa. Noma kunjalo, le miphumela ingaholela ekunciphiseni isifiso socansi umlingani wayo futhi kunciphise ukwaneliseka ngokocansi ngaphakathi kwababhangqwana.

31) Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zobulili Ezingcolile (PPCS) (2017) - Inhloso yaleli phepha kwakungukudala uhlu lwemibuzo olusebenzisa inkinga yezocansi. Ngenqubo yokuqinisekisa izinsimbi, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi amaphuzu aphezulu ku-questionnaire yokusebenzisa i-porn ahlobene nokunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi. Ingcaphuno:

Ukwaneliseka ngokuphila kobulili kwakunobuthakathaka futhi buhlobene kabi namazinga we-PPCS.

32) Ukubukwa Kwezingxoxo Zobulili Zobulili Ecacile E-United States Ngokusho Umshado Okhethiwe Nendlela Yokuphila, Umsebenzi Nezezimali, Inkolo Nezici Zombusazwe (2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Ihlaziya abathintekayo abadala be-11,372 abaphendule emibuthanweni emayelana nemininingwane yabantu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-movie ecacile ngokobulili ku-General Social Survey (GSS) kusuka ku-2000 kuya ku-2014. Ukubuka leyo ma-movie kwakuhlotshaniswa nenjabulo encane emishadweni, abalingani abaningi bezocansi ngonyaka odlule, ukwaneliseka okuncane ngesimo sezimali somuntu, akukho okuthandayo okungokwenkolo, kanye nokuziphendukela kwezombusazwe okukhululekile.

Ukubukwa kwe-movie ecacile ngokobulili kuhlotshaniswa nezici ezivela ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinga lobuhlobo obumpofu, imibono nemikhuba yezocansi ekhululekile, isimo sezomnotho esibucayi, ukuma kwezenkolo eziphansi noma ukuzibophezela, kanye nemibono yezombusazwe eningi.

33) Izindlela zokusebenzisana phakathi kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi (2017) - Ingcaphuno:

Ukuqondiswa yi-theory yombhalo wezocansi, inkolelo yokuqhathaniswa kwezenhlalo, futhi kwaziswa ngokucwaninga kwangaphambili ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nokwaneliseka ngokocansi, ucwaningo lwamanje olwenziwa ngabantu abadala abalingani bobulili obucwaningayo bahlolisisa imodeli yombono ehlanganisa ukuvame ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi ngokubona ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile umthombo oyinhloko wolwazi lwezocansi, okuthandwa yizocansi ezingcolile ngokuzijabulisa ngokocansi okuhlangene, nokuhlaziya kokuxhumana ngokocansi. Imodeli yaxhaswa yimininingwane yabesilisa nabesifazane.

Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kocansi ihlotshaniswa nokubona izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengomthombo oyinhloko wolwazi ngocansi, oluhlotshaniswa nokuthandwa kobulili obungcolile ngokuzijabulisa kocansi okuhlukanisiwe nokuhlaziya ukuxhumana ngokobulili. Ukukhetha izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekuzijabuliseni ngokobulili nokuhlukanisa ukukhulumisana ngokobulili kokubili kuhlotshaniswa nokwaneliseka okuncane ngokocansi.

34) Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuziphatha ngokocansi phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane baseNorway abahlukile kwezocansi (2013) - Efihliwe esifundweni: Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ezinkulu emadodeni kwakuhambisana nokwaneliseka kocansi okuphansi (noma "ukungeneliseki okukhulu kwezocansi").

35)  Incwadi Yomhlangano Waminyaka Yonke Engamashumi Amane Ye-IASR - iDubrovnik, iHrvatska, 25.-28. lipnja, 2014 - Lokhu kungumbono wesethulo esinikezwe nguLandripet noStulhofer engqungqutheleni yezocansi. Laba bacwaningi be-2 bashicilele ingxenye yedatha yabo kulokhu “kuxhumana okufushane,” okushiwo njengokungatholi buhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zocansi. Eqinisweni, "ukuxhumana kwabo okufishane" akusho ukuhlangana okubaluleke kakhulu okukhulunywe ephepheni labo: Ama-40% kuphela wamadoda amaPutukezi asebenzisa i-porn "kaningi," kanti ama-60% amaNorway asebenzisa i-porn "kaningi." Amadoda amaPutukezi ayenakho kancane kakhulu ukungasebenzi ngokocansi kunabantu baseNorway. Ngokunyakaza okushaqisayo, i-Landripet ne-Stulhofer ishiye ezinye izixhumanisi ezintathu phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zocansi abazethule enkomfeni yaseDubrovnik:

Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuncane kodwa kuhloswe ngokuphawulekayo nokunciphisa intshisekelo yobulili obuhlukene kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kocansi okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane.

Ukubika okuthandwayo kwezinhlobo ezithile zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-erectile, kodwa hhayi ejaculatory noma ehlobene nesifiso sokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili wesilisa.

Kusho impela ukuthi i-Landripet ne-Stulhofer bakhethe ukushiya ukuxhumana okuphawulekayo phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile nezintandokazi zezinhlobo ezithile ze-porn ephepheni labo "elifushane". Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn bakhuphukele ezinhlotsheni ezingahambisani nezinto abazithandayo, kanye nokuzwa i-ED lapho lokhu okuthandwa yizithombe zocansi kungafani nokuhlangana ngokoqobo kwezocansi. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku lokhu kubuyekezwa kwezincwadi (futhi lokhu kuhlaziywa kweLandripet & Stulhofer), kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola ukuguquguquka okuningi okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kocansi - hhayi amahora nje ngenyanga edlule, noma imvamisa ngonyaka odlule.

36)  Indima evelele yokucabangela ubulili: Izinkolelo mayelana nokuhluleka kokuphila ngokobulili zihlobene namazinga aphezulu wokwaneliseka kobudlelwane kanye nokwaneliseka ngokocansi namazinga aphansi okusetshenziswa kocansi okusetshenziselwa inkinga (2017) - Ingcaphuno:

Imodeli ehlolwe yikhombisa ukuthi ukukhula kwengqondo ocansini kwakunokubambisana okulinganiselayo ngokocansi nokwaneliseka kobudlelwane ngenkathi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zinkinga zisebenzisa kuphela ukubonisa okubi kodwa okubuthakathaka.

37)  Akayena Lokho Kunoma Yimuphi Umuntu: Impembezo Yobungqingili Ngokwemidlalo (2017) Lokhu "okunwetshiwe okungabonakali" kukhuluma ngezilingo ezi-4 ezibandakanya ukucabanga ngezisusa zocansi. Yonke imiphumela iphakamise ukuthi imicabango yezocansi inciphisa isifiso sobudlelwano bothando. Ingcaphuno:

Ukubandakanya ukucabanga ngezocansi kuyakhulisa ukukhangwa kwezifiso zocansi, kodwa kunciphisa ukukhangwa ekuhlosweni kobulili. Lolu cwaningo lunezela ezincwadini eziphathelene nokucabangela ubulili, ukukhanga, futhi linikeza impendulo ebonakalayo ekubukeni kwezingcansi, ubulili ekukhangiseni nasebudlelwaneni.

38) Ingabe Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kokuqhathaniswa Kwezingcolile Zamafilimu Ukusetshenziswa Kwamavolumu Nokwenelisa Ukweneliseka Ngokweqile Kwecansi? Imiphumela Evela eNgilandi naseJalimane (i-2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Ucwaningo oluthile olusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene luye lwathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobulili ezingcolile kuhlotshaniswa nokwaneliseka okuphansi kocansi. Ulimi olusetshenziselwa izazi ezithinta abezindaba ezingxoxweni zale nhlangano lisho ukuthi ukulindela okwehlisa ukwaneliseka kubangelwa ukujwayela-kodwa hhayi okujwayelekile. Ukuhlaziywa kwangempela, noma kunjalo, kuye kwacabangela ukulingana. Ukuhlaziywa komugqa kuhlolisisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka ngalunye kumvuthwandaba wokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kukhona ukwehla okulinganayo okuhambisana nokwaneliseka ngokocansi.

Idatha yocwaningo evela ezifundweni ezimbili zabantu abadala abesilisa nabesifazane, abaqhutshwa eNgilandi nakwaseJalimane, base beqashwe. Imiphumela yayifana nezwe ngalinye futhi ayizange ifakwe ubulili. Ukuhlaziywa kwemifula elula kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi uma imvamisa yokusetshenziswa ifinyelela kanye ngenyanga, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi kuyaqala ukwehla, nokuthi ukukhulula kokunciphisa kuyaba mkhulu ngokunyuka okunye kumvuthwandaba wokusetshenziswa.

39) Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili Ukubuka nokugculiseka ngokocansi: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Quadratic (2017) - Izingcaphuno

Lo mbhalo uveza imiphumela yocwaningo lwabantu abadala abalinganiselwa ku-1,500 base-US. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Quadratic kubonise ubudlelwane be-curvilinear phakathi kokubukwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokwaneliseka ngokocansi ngendlela yejika eliphansi kakhulu, elinciphisayo. Uhlobo lwe-curvilinearity aluzange lwehluke njengomsebenzi wababambiqhaza ubulili, isimo sobudlelwano, noma inkolo.

Kuzo zonke amaqembu, ama-slopes alula awakhona lapho ukubuka kufinyelelwa kanye ngenyanga noma ngaphezulu. Le miphumela i-correlational kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa umphumela wemizamo, bangasikisela ukuthi ukuchitha izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingaphansi kwesisodwa ngenyanga kunomthelela omncane noma akukho nethonya ekuwaneliseni, ukuthi ukunciphisa ukwaneliseka kufaka ukuqala uma ukubuka kufika kanye ngenyanga, nokuthi ukwanda okwengeziwe emvamisa ukubuka kuholele ekunciphiseni okungekho ngokukhululekile kokwaneliseka.

40)  Ucwaningo LwezeMpilo Yezocansi kanye Nezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Phakathi Kokuhlukanisa-Ukucela Abesifazane NgaseNtshonalanga Azerbaijan-Iran: Isifundo Esihamba Ngezigaba (2017) - Izingcaphuno:

Esinye sezici ezithinta izinkinga zesehlukaniso nezinkinga zobudlelwane emkhatsini wemibhangqwana yilabo abaziphatha ngokocansi nabashadile. Kunezizathu eziningi ezihlukahlukene zokusola ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingathinta isahlukaniso ngendlela enhle noma enhle. Ngakho-ke lolu cwaningo luhlola impilo yezocansi yehlukaniso-ebuza e-Urmia, e-Iran.

Iziphetho: Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi ubani owayenesikhwama sokwaneliseka ngokocansi oluphansi, abe nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokubukela izicathulo zobulili ezingcolile. Ngokususelwa ekutadisheni kwamanje, ukunakekelwa kwemfundo yomndeni kanye nezinhlelo zokululekwa ikakhulukazi ensimini yezocansi kuyoba nezithelo eziningi.

Izingcaphuno ezivela ekubukeni kwe-2017 kwezincwadi (Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile, Ukuthakazelisa, Nezocansi: Ngokwemodeli Ye-Hedonic Yokuvuselela I-Internet Yezindaba Zezocansi, ukufingqa imiphumela ye-porn ekugculiseni ngokocansi:

Ukwaneliseka ngokobulili

Esinye isizinda lapho umodeli wamanje ongase ube nawo khona kunokwaneliseka ngokocansi. Njengoba izisusa zobulili ze-hedonic zivame ukugxila ekutholeni ukwaneliseka ngokobulili, umuntu angalindela ukwanda kwezinhloso ezinjalo ezihlobene nemiphumela yokwaneliseka ngokobulili. Kodwa-ke, kunikezwe inani elikhulu lezinto ezibangela ukwaneliseka ngokocansi (isib. Ukuzondana, ukuzibophezela, ukuzethemba, ukuzethemba), futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lobu buhlobo phakathi kwe-IPU nokwaneliseka kuyoba nzima. Kubantu abathile, ukwanda kwezisusa zobulili ze-hedonic kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokwehliswa kwangempela ekuwaneliseni ngokocansi, njengoba amazinga aphezulu esifiso angase ahlangane nokukhungatheka, ikakhulukazi uma ukwenyuka okunjalo kungahlangabezane nokwenyuka kokwaneliseka okuhambisana nokusebenzisana ngokocansi okuhlanganyelwe (i-Santtila futhi al., 2007). Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma umuntu eqala ngamazinga aphansi e-hedonic isisusa socansi, ukwanda kwaleso sikhuthazo kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokwaneliseka okukhulu kocansi njengoba umuntu eqala ukugxila ekutholeni injabulo ekuhlanganisaneni ngokocansi.

Ngokungafani nezizinda eziningi ezixoxwe ngaphambili ezihlobene ne-IPU nezisusa, lapho ucwaningo lusalokhu lukhukhumezeka khona, ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-IPU nokwaneliseka ngokocansi kuye kwafundwa kabanzi, nezincwadi eziningi ezikhuluma ngesihloko. Esikhundleni sokubukeza ngokweqile uhlu lwezinhlolo zokuhlola i-IPU nokwaneliseka ngokocansi, ukutholakala kwalezi zifundo kufingqa kuThebula 1.

Ngokuvamile, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 1, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-IPU nokwaneliseka ngokocansi komuntu siqu kuyinkimbinkimbi, kepha kuyahambisana nokucabanga ukuthi i-IP ingakhuthaza izisusa eziningi zocansi ze-hedonic, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwanda. Phakathi kwemibhangqwana, kunokusekelwa okulinganiselwe komqondo wokuthi i-IPU ingakhulisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, kepha kuphela uma ifakwa emisebenzini yezocansi ehlukanisiwe. Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, kunobufakazi obungaguquguquki bokuthi i-IPU ibikezela ukwaneliseka okuphansi kwezocansi emadodeni, ngemisebenzi enqamulelayo neyesikhathi eside ekhomba ezinhlanganweni zalokhu kusetshenziswa nokwaneliseka okunciphile kwamadoda. Ngokuphathelene nabesifazane, ubufakazi obuhlakazekile bubonisa ukuthi i-IPU ingakhulisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, ingabi namthelela ekwanelisekeni, noma inciphise ukwaneliseka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphandle kokutholakele okuxubekile, isiphetho sokungabi namthelela obalulekile we-IPU ekwanelisekeni ngokocansi kwabesifazane ukutholakala okuvame kakhulu. Le miphumela iphinde yaqinisekiswa yi-meta-analysis yakamuva (iWright, iTokunaga, iKraus, neKlann, 2017). Ukubukeza izifundo ze-50 zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokwaneliseka (isb. Ukwaneliseka kwempilo, ukwaneliseka komuntu siqu, ukwaneliseka ngokobudlelwano, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi), lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-meta kutholakale ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi (hhayi okuqondene ne-inthanethi) kwakuhlobene njalo nokubikezela ukwaneliseka okuphakathi kwabantu okuguqukayo, kufaka phakathi ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, kepha kwabesilisa kuphela. Akukho okutholakele okuphawulekayo okutholwe ngabesifazane. Ngokubambisana, imiphumela enjalo exubile ivimbela iziphetho ezicacile mayelana nendima ye-IP ekuthonyeni ukwaneliseka kwabesifazane.

Okunye kokutholakele okubaluleke kakhulu kwemisebenzi yakamuva ehlola i-IPU nokwaneliseka kwezocansi ukuthi kubonakala sengathi kunobudlelwano be-curvilinear phakathi kokusetshenziswa nokweneliseka, ukuze ukwaneliseka kwehle kakhulu njengoba i-IPU iba yinsakavukela (isib.Wright, Steffen, & Sun, 2017 ; UWright, uBrigdes, uLanga, u-Ezzell, noJohnson, 2017). Imininingwane yalezi zifundo ikhonjisiwe kuThebula 1. Njengoba kunikezwe ubufakazi obucacile kumasampula amaningi aphesheya, kubonakala kunengqondo ukwamukela isiphetho sokuthi njengoba i-IPU inyuka iye ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi kuyehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize lezi zifundo (Wright, Steffen, et al., 2017; Wright, Bridges et al., 2017) zazinqamulelana, zinikezwe inani lezifundo ezinde (isib, uPeter & Valkenburg, 2009) ezixhumanisa i-IPU nokwehlisa ucansi ukwaneliseka, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinhlangano ziyimbangela yendalo. Njengoba i-IPU inyuka, ukwaneliseka kwezocansi phakathi kwabantu kubonakala kwehla, okuhambisana nombango wesimanje wokuthi i-IPU ihlotshaniswa nesisusa socansi se-hedonic nesokugxila kakhulu.

Okokugcina, lolu cwaningo olungathandeki lwe-2016 luvame ukukhulunywa nguNicole Prause kanye nosebenza naye uDavid Ley njengobufakazi bokuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi akunikezi lutho kodwa izinzuzo emibhangqwaneni: Imiphumela Ebonwayo Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kubudlelwane Bobulili: Ukutholwa Kwokuqala Kwe-Open-Ended, Ukwaziswa Okubambe iqhaza, "Ukwaziswa Okuphansi". (I-2016).

Amaphutha amabili ajwayelekile aveza imiphumela engenamsebenzi:

  1. Ucwaningo aluhlali kusampula elimele. Ngenkathi ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi idlanzana labalingani besifazane abasebenzisa i-porn lisebenzisa i-porn, kulolu cwaningo i-95% yabesifazane basebenzise i-porn bebodwa. Futhi ama-85% abesifazane asebenzise i-porn kusukela ekuqaleni kobudlelwano (kwezinye izimo iminyaka). Lawo mazinga aphakeme kunamadoda asekolishi! Ngamanye amagama, abacwaningi kubukeka sengathi baphikise isampula labo ukuze bakhiqize imiphumela abebeyifuna. Iqiniso: Idatha ehlukanisiwe evela kwinhlolovo enkulu kunazo zonke yase-US (i-General Social Survey) ibike ukuthi kuphela u-2.6% wabesifazane abavakashele "iwebhusayithi yezocansi" ngenyanga edlule. Idatha evela ku-2000, 2002, 2004. Ukuthola okuningi bheka - Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nomshado (2014)
  1. Ucwaningo lusebenzise imibuzo "evulekile" lapho isihloko singagudluza siqhubeke mayelana nezocansi. Ngemuva kwalokho abacwaningi bafunda ama-rambling futhi banquma, ngemuva kweqiniso, ukuthi yiziphi izimpendulo "ezibalulekile," nokuthi baziveza kanjani (ukuziphotha?) Ephepheni labo. Lapho-ke abacwaningi babe sebenenyongo yokuphakamisa ukuthi zonke ezinye izifundo ezithinta i-porn kanye nobudlelwano, ezazisebenzisa indlela esungulwe ngokwengeziwe, indlela yesayensi kanye nemibuzo eqondile ngemiphumela ye-porn, iphutha. Le ndlela ilungele kanjani?

Naphezu kwalezi ziphambeko ezibulalayo izimbhangqwana eziningana zibike imiphumela emibi kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezingcingo, njenge:

  • Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zilula, ezithakazelisayo, ezivusa kakhulu, ezifiselekayo, noma ezithokozisa ngaphezu kokulala nomlingani
  • Ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyisifiso sokunciphisa amandla, kunciphisa ikhono lokufeza noma ukulondoloza ukuvusa ucansi, noma ukufeza i-orgasm.
  • Abanye bathi ukuchithwa ngokucacile okuchazwe ngokucacile njengomphumela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile
  • Abanye babekhathazekile ukulahlekelwa ukusondelana noma uthando.
  • Kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zenza ubulili bangempela bube buhle, buyeke njalo, buphume kancane, noma bujabulise kancane

Ngesizathu esithile le miphumela emibi ayizange ivele ezihlokweni ezimayelana nocwaningo. Iwebhusayithi entsha yombhali ophambili kanye neyakhe zama ukuxhaswa imali ukuphakamisa imibuzo.

SLIDE 34

"Ngizizwa njengoSir Isaac Newton olandelayo noma uLeonardo da Vinci!

Kusukela ngiyekile inyanga edlule, ngiqale ngokoqobo: ukuqala ibhizinisi, ngathatha upiyano, bengifunda isiFulentshi nsuku zonke, bengihlela, ngidweba, ngibhala, ngiqala ukuphatha izimali zami, futhi nginemibono emisha kakhulu kunalokho engikwaziyo . Ukuzethemba kwami ​​kuphezulu esibhakabhakeni. Ngivele ngizizwe sengathi ngingakhuluma nanoma iyiphi intombazane. Ngingumfana ofanayo owathatha iminyaka emibili nengu-2/1 eyengeziwe ukuthola iziqu zasekolishi - ngenxa yokuhlehlisa izinto nokudangala. ”

UKUSEBENZA OKUQALA:

Lena i-anecdote. Kodwa-ke, ngase ngikubonile amakhulu njengalokhu ngenza Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa. Ukusekelwa okungokomthetho kwe- "arousal addiction" (i-inthanethi ye-porn, i-inthanethi yokudlala) okuheha noma okwandisa izimo zengqondo nezingokomzwelo, kanye nezinkinga zengqondo, kwanikezwa ku Slide i-11, echibini Slide i-21 ngoba izixhumanisi eziya kumaforamu kwakuyizinsizwa eziqedile izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi zichazwe ukukhululwa kwezimpawu ezifanayo.

Bona iziqephu ezilandelayo (nezigaba zokuphawula ezingezansi ezihlokweni) ukuze uthole imibiko eyengeziwe efana nale

UKUSEBENZA OKUFANELEKILE:

Ukusekelwa okungokomthetho nokwelashwa "kokulutha ngokweqile" (i-inthanethi ye-porn, ukudlala i-inthanethi) okunciphisa noma okwandisa izimo zengqondo nezingokomzwelo kwanikezwa ku Slide i-11.

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade izikhulu zezihloko zishicilelwe kusukela ku-2011 echaza ukunyuka okungakaze kwenzeke ezinkingeni zempilo yengqondo yengane (ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka komphakathi). Abaningi ochwepheshe ocashunwe kulezi zihloko babhekisela ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi kanye nokwamukelwa kwamakhompyutha amaningi njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.

SLIDE 35

Ngizophetha ngesifiso: Ngingathanda ukubona abafana bakaZimbardo abaqothulayo, nabanakekeli babo, belalela izinkulungwane zamadoda asifundisa ngokulutha okuvusa inkanuko - ngokukubalekela.

Siyabonga ngokulalela.

UKUSEKELWA OKUQALILE NOKUBUYEKEZIWE:

Kusukela Isivivinyo Esikhulu Sokuzijabulisa kube yimpendulo ngqo kuPhilip Zimbardo "Ukudutshulwa kwamaGay”Inkulumo ye-TED, ngisebenzise igama elifanayo nelithi Zimbardo (" Arousal addiction ") ukuchaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi okuphoqelela (ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo, ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile) izinsizwa. Kokubili ukusekelwa kwasekuqaleni nokubuyekeziwe kobukhona bokulutha kwe-inthanethi nokulutha kwezithombe zocansi kwi-inthanethi kunikezwe kumaSlides 12, 17, 18, 19 no-20.

Ikhasi lokuqala liqukethe i-slides 1 nge-17